Firus
- 8BAFDA"
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| Kategori | Mineral fosfat |
| Formula
(unit berulang) |
CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O |
| Simbol IMA | Tqu[1] |
| Klasifikasi Strunz | 8.DD.15 |
| Sistem kristal | Triklinik |
| Kelas kristal | Pinakoid (1)
(simbol H–M sama) |
| Pengenalpastian | |
| Warna | Firus, biru, hijau kebiruan, hijau |
| Tabiat hablur | Gergasi, bernodular |
| Ira | Sempurna pada {001}, bagus pada {010}, tetapi ira jarang dilihat |
| Retakan | konkoidal |
| Kekerasan skala Mohs | 5–6 |
| Kilauan | Kelilinan ke separa kekaca |
| Corekan | Putih kebiruan |
| Kediafan | Legap |
| Graviti tentu | 2.6–2.9 |
| Sifat optik | Dwipaksi (+) |
| Indeks biasan | nα = 1.610
nβ = 1.615 nγ = 1.650 |
| Dwibiasan | +0.040 |
| Pleokroisme | Lemah |
| Keterlakuran | Boleh lakur dalam HCl yang dipanaskan |
| Keterlarutan | Larut dalam HCl |
| Rujukan | [2][3][4] |
Firus (Arab: فَيرُوز, rumi: fayrūz diakar Parsi: پیروز, rumi: pērōz "kemenangan"[5]) ialah sejenis mineral legap yang berwarna biru hijau yang merupakan fosfat hidrus tembaga dan aluminium, dengan formula kimia CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O. Ia jarang ditemui dan berharga dalam gred yang lebih tinggi dan merupakan batu permata berharga sejak beribu tahun kerana warnanya.
Seperti kebanyakan permata legap lain, nilai firus telah jatuh dengan pengenalan firus olahan, tiruan dan sintetik di pasaran. Warna biru pucat atau langit batu firus yang dilombong berhampiran bandar Nishapur, Iran, telah digunakan sebagai rujukan panduan untuk menilai kualiti firus.[6]
Rujukan
- ^ Warr, L. N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ^ Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis (1985).
- ^ Turquoise, Mindat.org, retrieved 2006-10-04.
- ^ Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C., eds.
- ^ Zhetpisbayeva, K.B.; Zhubatova, B.N. (June 2021). "The symbolic meaning of turquoise in Iranian culture". Journal of Oriental Studies. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. 97 (2): 73–81. doi:10.26577/JOS.2021.v97.i2.08.
- ^ "Turquoise Quality Factors". Institut Gemologi Amerika.
Bacaan lanjut
- British Museum (2000). "Aztec turquoise mosaics". www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada March 11, 2007. Dicapai pada November 15, 2004.
- King, J.C.H., Max Carocci, Caroline Cartwright (2012). Turquoise in Mexico and North America: Science, Conservation, Culture and Collections. British Museum, London, UK.
- Pogue, J. E. (1915). The Turquoise: A study of its history, mineralogy, geology, ethnology, archaeology, mythology, folklore, and technology. Glorieta, NM: National Academy of Sciences, The Rio Grande Press. ISBN 0-87380-056-7.
- Schadt, H. (1996). Goldsmith's Art: 5000 Years of Jewelry and Hollowware. Stuttgart & New York, NY: Arnoldsche Art Publisher. ISBN 3-925369-54-6.
- Schumann, W. (2000). Gemstones of the World (ed. revised). Sterling Publishing. ISBN 0-8069-9461-4.
- Webster, R. (2000). Gems: Their Sources, Descriptions and Identification (ed. 5th). Great Britain: Butterworth-Heinemann. m/s. 254–263. ISBN 0-7506-1674-1.
Pautan luar
Kategori berkaitan Turquoise (mineral) di Wikimedia Commons
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