Emotivisme
Emotivisme ialah suatu pandangan meta-etika yang mendakwa bahawa ayat beretika tidak menyatakan proposisi tetapi sikap emosi.[1] Oleh itu, ia dikenali sebagai teori hurrah/boo.[2] Dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan falsafah analitik dan positivisme logik pada abad ke-20, teori itu dinyatakan dengan jelas oleh A. J. Ayer dalam bukunya Language, Truth and Logic 1936, tetapi perkembangannya lebih berhutang kepada C. L. Stevenson.
Emotivisme boleh dianggap sebagai satu bentuk bukan kognitif atau ekspresif. Ia bertentangan dengan bentuk bukan kognitif yang lain (seperti kuasi-realisme[3][4] dan preskriptivisme sejagat), serta semua bentuk kognitivisme (termasuk kedua-dua realisme moral dan subjektivisme etika).
Pada tahun 1950-an, emotivisme muncul dalam bentuk yang diubah suai dalam preskriptivisme sejagat R. M. Hare.[5][6]
Rujukan
- ^ "Emotivism | philosophy". Encyclopedia Britannica (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2020-05-28.
- ^ Philosophy of Meaning, Knowledge and Value in the Twentieth Century: Routledge History of Philosophy. Routledge. 2012. ISBN 9781134935727.
- ^ "quasi-realism". Oxford Reference (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2020-05-28.
- ^ Zangwill, Nick (1993). "Quasi-Realist Explanation". Synthese. 97 (3): 287–296. doi:10.1007/BF01064071. ISSN 0039-7857. JSTOR 20117846.
- ^ Brandt, Ethical Theory, 221: "A recent book [The Language of Morals] by R. M. Hare has proposed a view, otherwise very similar to the emotive theory, with modifications …"
- ^ Wilks, Emotion, 79: "… while Hare was, no doubt, a critic of the [emotive theory], he was, in the eyes of his own critics, a kind of emotivist himself. His theory, as a consequence, has sometimes been depicted as a reaction against emotivism and at other times as an extension of it."
Sumber
- Ayer, A. J. (1952) [1936]. "Critique of Ethics and Theology". Language, Truth and Logic. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-20010-8. LCCN 52000860.
- Berkeley, George (1710). Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge.
- Brandt, Richard (1959). "Noncognitivism: The Job of Ethical Sentences Is Not to State Facts". Ethical Theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. LCCN 59010075.
- Garner, Richard T.; Bernard Rosen (1967). Moral Philosophy: A Systematic Introduction to Normative Ethics and Meta-ethics. New York: Macmillan. LCCN 67018887.
- Hare, R. M. (1952). The Language of Morals. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Hudson, W. D. (1970). Modern Moral Philosophy. Macmillan and Co. Ltd.
- Hume, David (1751). An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals.
- Moore, G. E. (2005) [1912]. "Editor's Introduction". Dalam William Shaw (penyunting). Ethics. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-927201-8.
- Ogden, C. K.; I. A. Richards (1946) [1923]. The Meaning of Meaning. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
- Pepper, Stephen C. (1960). Ethics. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. LCCN 60006796.
- Ross, David (1939). Foundations of Ethics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Satris, Stephen (1987). Ethical Emotivism. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 90-247-3413-4.
- Seanor, Douglas; Fotion, D.; Hare, R. M. (1988). Hare and Critics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-824780-X.
- Stevenson, C. L. (1937). "The Emotive Meaning of Ethical Terms". Dalam Stevenson, C. L. (penyunting). Facts and Values. Yale University Press (diterbitkan 1963). ISBN 0-8371-8212-3.
- Stevenson, C. L. (1944). Ethics and Language. New Haven: Yale University Press. OCLC 5184534.
- Urmson, J. O. (1968). The Emotive Theory of Ethics. London: Hutchinson University Library. ISBN 0-09-087430-7.
- Wilks, Colin (2002). Emotion, Truth and Meaning. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 1-4020-0916-X.
Pautan luar
- Templat:Cite SEP
- Emotivism, Intuitionism and Prescriptivism A clear explanation
- Emotivism definition in philosophyprofessor.com
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