^Samuel Wendell Williston (1886) Synopsis of the North American Syrphidae. United states national museum 31 1-335
^ abcJohn Curtis, 1839 British entomology, being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland, Vol.16 p.737
^Ball, S.G.; Morris, R.K.A. (2000). Provisional atlas of British hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae). Monks Wood, UK: Biological Record Centre. pp. 167 pages. ISBN1-870393-54-6
^Morris, Roger, K. A. (1999). Hoverflies of Surrey. Surrey Wildlife Trust. p. 244. ISBN0-9526065-3-4
^Stubbs, Alan E. and Falk, Steven J. (1983). British Hoverflies: An Illustrated Identification Guide. British Entomological & Natural History Society. p. 253, xvpp
^Van Veen, M.P. (2004) (Hardback). Hoverflies of Northwest Europe, Identification Keys to the Syrphidae. Utrecht: KNNV Publishing. pp. 254. ISBN90-5011-199-8