Vomiting

Nkọwa |Ịchụpụ ihe dị n'ime afọ site n'ọnụ ma ọ bụ imi}} Ịchọpụta | Ịgbanwe (nri) Ntughari-ọtụtụ|5|Ịgbọ | Emesis|Ịgbọ | Ịtụ | Ịtụ | Ojiji ndị ọzọ|Ịgbọ (nkọwa)|ụdị urukurubụba|Emesis (ụdị)|ihe nkiri Argentina nke 2021|PussyCake|usoro ụgbọ mmiri|Ịkpọ | na|Careening|ime obodo Albania|Pukë|ụdị graffiti|Ịtụ elu (graffiti)|ojiji ndị ọzọ|Puke (nkọwa) pp|small=ee Nchekwa|small=ee Ọnọdụ ahụike n'ime igbe ozi (ọhụrụ)

| aha = Ịgbọ agbọ | okwu ndị yiri ya = Emesis, ịtụ agbọ elu, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịtụba, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, ịgbọ agbọ | foto = Faịlụ:49-aspetti di vita quotidiana, vomito, Tacuino Sanitatis, Ca.jpg | alt = Ihe osise Renaissance nwere agba doro anya na-egosi nwanyị jidere isi nwoke, onye gbagọrọ agbagọ ma na-achụpụ ihe na-acha uhie uhie n'ọnụ ya. Nwanyị nke abụọ guzoro n'aka ekpe nke onyonyo ahụ n'ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ ahụ, o yikwara ka ọ na-enye nkwado. Ihe nnọchianya dị nro nke ịgbọ agbọ. | nkọwa = ihe atụ nke narị afọ nke 14 nke ịgbọ agbọ site na Casanatense Tacuinum Sanitatis | akpọọ = | ubi = Gastroenterology | ihe mgbaàmà = Agbọ agbọ | nsogbu = Ọchịchọ, electrolyte na mfu mmiri, mmebi nke enamel nke ezé, ndọda nke mucosa esophagus | mmalite = | oge = | ụdị = | ihe kpatara = | ihe egwu = Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke migraine, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke PONV ma ọ bụ ọrịa ngagharị n'ime nne ma ọ bụ nna ma ọ bụ nwanne nwatakịrị, ọnọdụ anụ ahụ ASA ka mma, nchekasị siri ike tupu ịwa ahụ, ụdị agbụrụ ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ ụdị ịwa ahụ, mbelata mmiri mmiri n'oge ịwa ahụ, ojiji kristal megide colloid | nchọpụta = | ọdịiche = | mgbochi = | ọgwụgwọ = | ọgwụ = | amụma = | ugboro = | ọnwụ =

Nkọwa

Ịgbọ agbọ (a maara ya n'ụzọ sayensị dịka emesis, a makwaara ya ọzọ dịka puking, na ịtụba agbọ)[lower-alpha 1] bụ iwepụ ihe dị n'ime afọ site na ọnụ na mgbe ụfọdụ imi.[1] A maara ihe dị n'ime agbọpụta a dịka 'vomit' ma ọ bụ 'vomitus'.[lower-alpha 2]</ref>

  • Hyperemesis gravidarum|Hyperemesis, ụtụtụ ọrịa

ọgwụ mmeghachi omume (agbọ agbọ nwere ike ime dịka mmeghachi omume Somatic (biology)somatic maka):

  • mmanya (ọgwụ)Mmanya aṅụrụma, nke enwere ike itinye n'ime acetaldehyde nke na-akpata mgbaàmà nke ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè, gụnyere ọgbụgbọ, ịgbọ agbọ, iku ume mkpụmkpụ, na ọsọ ọsọ nke obi.[2]
  • Opioids[3]
  • Ihe mgbochi reuptake serotonin ahọpụtaras[4]
  • Many chemotherapy drugs[5]
  • Some entheogens (such as peyote or ayahuasca[6]
  • Mmetụta nke ịdị elu dị elu n'ahụ mmadụ | Elu dị elu:
  • Ọrịa dị elu[7]

Ọrịa (a na-akpọkarị ya "ọnya afọ"—aha sara mbara nke na-ezo aka na mbufụt afọ nke ọtụtụ nje na nje bacteria kpatara):

  • Norovirus (onye bụbu nje Norwalk ma ọ bụ ihe nnọchite anya Norwalk)[8]
  • Swine influenza (H1N1)[9]

Ọrịa uche/omume:

  • Bulimia nervosa
  • Nri neophobia nke neophobia
  • Nsogbu iwepụ ihe mkpofu


Emetics

emetic, dị ka mmiri ọgwụ nke ipecac, bụ ihe na-akpata agbọ agbọ mgbe a na-enye ya n'ọnụ ma ọ bụ site na ịgba ọgwụ. A na-eji emetic eme ihe n'ọgwụ mgbe e riri ihe ma a ga-achụpụ ya n'ahụ ozugbo. N'ihi nke a, ọtụtụ ngwaahịa na-egbu egbu ma dị mfe ịgbari dị ka nsí oke nwere emetic. [10]Nke a enweghị nsogbu maka ịdị irè nke ọgwụ ogbugbu anụ ebe ọ bụ na òké enweghị ike ịgbọ agbọ..[11] Ịkpalite ọgbụgbọ nwere ike iwepụ ihe ahụ tupu ọ banye n'ahụ. Enwere ike kewaa Emetics ụzọ abụọ: ndị na-emepụta mmetụta ha site n'ime ihe na-eme na ebe a na-agbọ agbọ na medulla, na ndị na-eme ihe ozugbo na afọ n'onwe ya. Ụfọdụ emetics, dị ka ipecac, na-adaba n'ụdị abụọ a: ha na-eme ihe ozugbo na afọ, ebe mmetụta ha na-aga n'ihu na nke ka ukwuu na-apụta site na mkpali nke ebe a na-agbọ agbọ..[10]

A na-eji nnu mmiri na mmiri Mkpụrụ Mọstad,nke na-arụ ọrụ ozugbo n'afọ, eme ihe kemgbe oge ochie dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmadụ nwee nsogbu..[12] Care must be taken with salt, as Hypernatremia|excessive intake can potentially be harmful.[13][14] Copper(II) sulfate|Copper sulfate was also used in the past as an emetic.[15][16] It is now considered too toxic for this use.[17]

A na-eji Hydrogen peroxide eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmadụ nwee nsogbu n'ọgwụ anụmanụ.[18][19]

Nsogbu nke onwe

  • Nsogbu iri nri anorexia nervosa ma ọ bụ bulimia nervosa
  • Iji wepụ nsí riri (ekwesighi ịgbọpụta ụfọdụ nsí n'ihi na ha nwere ike ịdị njọ karịa mgbe a na-ekuru ume ma ọ bụ na-afụ ụfụ; ọ ka mma ịrịọ maka enyemaka tupu ọ kpalite ịgbọ agbọ)
  • Ndị sonyere na mmiri ara ehi na-agba mmiri ara ehi na-agbọkarị ọtụtụ mmiri ara ehi ha na-eri, ebe protein dị na mmiri ara ehi a na-eri (dị ka casein) na-agbapụta ngwa ngwa ma na-agbawa agbawa mgbe ha metụrụ acid gastric na enzymes protease aka, na-ejupụta afọ ngwa ngwa. Ozugbo afọ juru, stretch receptor dị na mgbidi afọ na-akpalite ịgbọ agbọ iji chụpụ mmiri ọ bụla ọzọ onye sonyere na-eri.
  • Ndị na-arịa agbọ agbọ nwere ike ịkpalite ịgbọ agbọ n'olileanya na ha ga-adị mma.

Ụdị dị iche iche

  • Mgbe wachara ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgbọ mgbe a wachara ahụ
  • Ihe ndị na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ ihe arụ, isi, ụtọ, ụda ma ọ bụ echiche (dịka ihe rere ure, ịgbọ agbọ ndị ọzọ, iche echiche ịgbọ agbọ), wdg.
  • Ihe mgbu dị oke njọ, dịka isi ọwụwa ma ọ bụ myocardial infarction (mkpọchi obi)
  • Oke mmetụta uche Enwere ike ịghọtahie "ihe ike" ebe a.
  • Cyclic vomiting syndrome (ọnọdụ a na-aghọtachaghị nke ọma nke nwere mwakpo nke ịgbọ agbọ)
  • Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (yiri cyclic vomiting syndrome, mana enwere ojiji cannabis dị ka ihe kpatara ya).
  • Oke iji ionizing radieshon na-akpalite ịgbọ agbọọ na-amaghị ama mgbe ụfọdụ.
* Mmerụ ahụ ike nke ụkwara, hiccups, ma ọ bụ asthma
  • Nchegbu
  • Mmetụta Obi (Ọdịdị Obi)|Ịda mbà n'obi
  • Ịrụbiga ahụ ókè (imega ahụ ike gabiga ókè nwere ike ibute ịgbọ agbọ obere oge ka e mesịrị).

Ụdị ndị ọzọ

Ịgbọ agbọ bụ ịgbọ agbọ nke na-ewepụta ihe dị n'ime afọ n'ike dị ukwuu.[20]Ọ bụ ihe mgbaàmà nkịtị nke pyloric stenosis,infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, nke ọ na-abụkarị mgbe ọ na-eri nri ma nwee ike ịdị ike nke na ụfọdụ ihe na-esi n'imi apụta..[21]

Ọgwụgwọ

Antiemetic bụ ọgwụ dị irè megide ịgbọ agbọ na agbọ agbọ. A na-ejikarị ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa iji gwọọ ọrịa ngagharị na Mmetụta ọjọọ (ọgwụ) nke ọgwụ dịka opioids na chemotherapy.

Ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa na-arụ ọrụ site n'igbochi ebe ndị na-anabata ihe metụtara emesis. Ya mere, a na-eji ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa, ọgwụ mgbochi dopamine, ọgwụ mgbochi serotonin, na cannabinoids dị ka ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa.[22]

Ihe akaebe na-akwado ojiji nke antiemetics maka ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgbọ n'etiti ndị toro eto na ngalaba mberede adịghị mma.[23] O doro anya ma ọgwụ ọ bụla dị mma karịa ọgwụgwọ ọzọ ma ọ bụ ka mma karịa enweghị ọgwụgwọ na-arụ ọrụ.[23]

Ọrịa Ọrịa Na-efe Efe

Agbọọ maọbụ ịgbọ agbọ bụ ihe ndị bụ isi na-eme na 1.6% nke nleta ndị dọkịta ezinụlọ na Australia.[24]

Ọha mmadụ na omenala

Herodotus, na-ede banyere omenala nke Alaeze Ukwu Achaemenid|Ndị Peshia oge ochie ma na-egosipụta ọdịiche dị na nke ndị Gris n'oge ochie, na-ekwu na amachibidoro ịgbọ agbọ n'ihu ndị ọzọ n'etiti ndị Peshia[25][26]

Ntinye aka na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya

A drunk man vomiting, while a young slave is holding his forehead. Brygos Painter, 500–470 BC

Ọ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na mgbe otu onye na-agbọ agbọ, ndị ọzọ nọ ya nso na-agbọ agbọ, karịsịa mgbe ha na-esi isi ọgbụgbọ nke ndị ọzọ, ma na-agbọ agbọ n'onwe ha.cn|date=Maachị 2025 A hụla ụdịrị ihe a n'etiti ndị mmadụ n'oriri mmanya, ebe ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè nwere ike ime ka ọtụtụ ndị otu ha agbọ agbọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu oge, nke sitere na ọgbụgbọ mbụ nke otu onye otu ahụ.cn|date=Maachị 2025

Ịgbọ agbọ nke ukwuu n'ime ayahuasca ememe bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Agbanyeghị, ndị na-enweta "la purga" mgbe ha ṅụchara ayahuasca, n'ozuzu ha, na-ewere omume ahụ dị ka ihe dị ọcha n'anụ ahụ na nke ime mmụọ ma na-anabata ya mgbe niile.[27].A na-atụ aro na mmetụta emetic nke ayahuasca—na mgbakwunye na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-agwọ ọrịa ya—bara uru nye ndị obodo nke Amazon Basin, n'inyere aka iwepụ parasite na sistemụ eriri afọ.[28]

E nwekwara ihe ndekọ nke otu onye ọrịa na-agbọ agbọ na-eme ka ndị ọzọ gbọọ agbọ, mgbe ha na-atụkarị egwu ịrịa ọrịa, site n'ụdị mass hysteria.

Special bags are often supplied on boats for sick passengers to vomit into.

Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-agbalị igbochi ọgbụgbọ ha site n'ịgbọ agbọ n'ime sink, ụlọ mposi, ma ọ bụ ite mkpofu, ebe ọ bụ na ọgbụgbọ siri ike ma dịkwa njọ ịsacha. N'ụgbọelu na ụgbọ mmiri, a na-enye Akpa ọrịa|akpa pụrụ iche ka ndị njem na-arịa ọrịa gbọọ agbọ. Akpa pụrụ iche a na-atụfu (nke na-anaghị agbapụta mmiri, nke na-anaghị agbapụta mmiri, nke na-enweghị isi) nke nwere ihe na-amịkọrọ mmiri nke na-eme ka ọgbụgbọ ahụ sie ike ngwa ngwa dịkwa, nke na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ma dịkwa mma ịchekwa ruo mgbe enwere ohere ịtụfu ya nke ọma.

Ndị na-agbọ agbọ mgbe niile dịka ọmụmaatụ, dịka akụkụ nke nri na-adịghị mma dị ka bulimia nervosa nwere ike ichepụta ụzọ dị iche iche iji zoo nsogbu a.

Nnyocha dị n'ịntanetị nke nzaghachi ndị mmadụ na "ụda dị egwu" chọpụtara na ịgbọ agbọ "bụ ihe kacha njọ". Prọfesọ Trevor Cox nke Mahadum Salford's Acoustic Research Centre kwuru, "Emebere anyị ka ihe ọjọọ dị ka ịgbọ agbọ jụ, ebe ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa iji nọgide na-adị ndụ iji zere ihe ọjọọ." A na-eche na ihe ọjọọ na-akpata site na ụda ịgbọ agbọ iji chebe ndị nọ nso pụọ na nri nwere ike ibute ọrịa.[29]

Psychology

Emetophilia bụ agụụ mmekọahụ sitere na ịgbọ agbọ, ma ọ bụ ikiri ndị ọzọ na-agbọ agbọ.[30]Emetophobia bụ ụjọ nke na-akpata oke nchekasị siri ike gbasara ịgbọ agbọ.

Hụkwa

  • Ọrịa Bulimia
  • Emetophilia
  • Kansas na Agbọọ
  • Ịgbọ agbọ nchekwa
  • Emetophobia
  • Vasodilation
  • Afọ Ọsịsa
  • Izi Imi
  • Etuketu
  • Chyme
  • Ọfụfụ

Notes

  1. ↑ A maara ya n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị dịka (karịsịa American English
  2. ↑ Ma ọ bụ, n'ụzọ na-abụghị eziokwu, puke, barf, throw-up, upchuck, hurl, ma ọ bụ sick, n'etiti okwu ndị ọzọ.

    Ihe kpatara ya

    Ịgbọ agbọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe si na ọrịa dịka nsị nri

References

  1. ↑ Tintinalli, Judith E. (2010). Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli)). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. ISBN 978-0-07-148480-0. 
  2. ↑ (March 2021) Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2nd, New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-877978-0. 
  3. ↑ (2014-01-05) "Opioid induced nausea and vomiting". European Journal of Pharmacology 722: 67–78. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.074. ISSN 0014-2999. PMID 24157979. 
  4. ↑ (1997-11-01) "Nausea and Vomiting Associated With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors" (in en). CNS Drugs 8 (5): 394–401. DOI:10.2165/00023210-199708050-00005. ISSN 1179-1934. 
  5. ↑ Rajapakse, Dilini (March 2010). "Symptom management during chemotherapy". Paediatrics and Child Health 20 (3): 129–134. DOI:10.1016/j.paed.2009.10.005. ISSN 1751-7222. 
  6. ↑ (January 2017) "Ayahuasca: An ancient sacrament for treatment of contemporary psychiatric illness?". The Mental Health Clinician 7 (1): 39–45. DOI:10.9740/mhc.2017.01.039. ISSN 2168-9709. PMID 29955496. 
  7. ↑ (2016) Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017 E-Book: 5 Books in 1 (in en). Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-44838-3. 
  8. ↑ CDC (2024-10-11). How Norovirus Spreads (en-us).
  9. ↑ Jilani, Talha N.; Jamil, Radia T.; Nguyen, Andrew D.; Siddiqui, Abdul H. (2026), "H1N1 Influenza", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 30020613, retrieved 2026-07-16
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Emetics|volume=9|page=336
  11. ↑ (2015-07-27) "Animal Models of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma-Past, Present, and Future". Clinical and Translational Science 8 (6): 841–847. DOI:10.1111/cts.12304. PMID 26211420. 
  12. ↑ {{cite journal | doi = 10.3109/15563657108990490 | last1 = Decker | first1 = W. J. | year = 1971 | title = In Quest of Emesis: Fact, Fable, and Fancy | journal = Clinical Toxicology | volume = 4 | issue = 3| pages = 383–387 | pmid = 4151103
  13. ↑ (1991) "Fatal hypernatremia from exogenous salt intake: report of a case and review of the literature". Mayo Clinic Proceedings 65 (12): 1587–1594. DOI:10.1016/S0025-6196(12)62194-6. PMID 2255221. 
  14. ↑ "Salt: a natural antidepressant?", The Scotsman, April 6, 2009.
  15. ↑ (July 1968) "Elevation of serum copper following copper sulfate as an emetic". Pediatrics 42 (1): 189–93. DOI:10.1542/peds.42.1.189. PMID 4385403. 
  16. ↑ (1951) "Copper Sulphate Emesis: A Study of Afferent Pathways from the Gastrointestinal Tract". American Journal of Physiology 164 (2): 520–526. DOI:10.1152/ajplegacy.1951.164.2.520. PMID 14810961. 
  17. ↑ Olson, Kent C. (2004). Poisoning & drug overdose. New York: Lange Medical Mooks/McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-8385-8172-8. 
  18. ↑ "Drugs to Control or Stimulate Vomiting". Merck Veterinary manual. Merck & Co., Inc. 2006. Archived from the original on 2016-03-24. Retrieved 2013-02-23.
  19. ↑ How to Induce Vomiting (Emesis) in Dogs. Petplace.com. Archived from the original on 2015-02-12. Retrieved on 2026-08-11.
  20. ↑ vomiting - definition of vomiting in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. Medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com.
  21. ↑ (2009) Sleisenger & Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, 9th, St. Louis, Mo.: MD Consult. ISBN 978-1-4160-6189-2. 
  22. ↑ (March 1992) "Pharmacological agents affecting emesis. A review (Part I).". Drugs 43 (3): 295–315. DOI:10.2165/00003495-199243030-00002. PMID 1374316. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 (28 September 2015) "Drugs for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults in the emergency department setting.". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 9 (9). DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD010106.pub2. PMID 26411330. 
  24. ↑ Helena Britt (September 2007). "Presentations of nausea and vomiting". Australian Family Physician 36 (9): 673–784. PMID 17885697. 
  25. ↑ electricpulp.com. HERODOTUS iii. DEFINING THE PERSIANS – Encyclopaedia Iranica.
  26. ↑ Internet History Sourcebooks.
  27. ↑ Shanon, B. (2002). The antipodes of the mind: Charting the phenomenology of the ayahuasca experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  28. ↑ (1989) "Sociopsychotherapeutic functions of ayahuasca healing in Amazonia". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 21 (1): 77–89. DOI:10.1080/02791072.1989.10472145. PMID 2656954. 
  29. ↑ "Sickening sounds - research to make your ears cringe". University of Salford. January 28, 2007. Archived Febụwarị 24, 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ↑ Aggrawal, Anil (2009). Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-4308-2. 

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