AKT2
پروتئین کیناز اختصاصی سرین/ترئونین RAC-بتا (انگلیسی: RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase)[۵] یک آنزیم است که در انسان توسط ژن «AKT2» کُدگذاری میشود.[۶] این پروتئین به عنوان جزئی از مسیر ترارسانی پیام انسولین بر ذخیرهسازی متابولیتها اثر میگذارد.[۵]
اهمیت بالینی
بیان بیش از حد این ژن باعث ایجاد نوع تهاجمی تر سرطان لوزالمعده میگردد.[۷]
موشهایی که این پروتئین را ندارند، دچار دیابت شدید میشوند و این امر نشاندهنده نقش این مولکول در ترارسانی پیام از گیرندههای انسولین است. این موشها همچنین در صورت ابتلا به سرطان پستان، پیشآگهی بدتری دارند.[۸]
منابع
- ↑ ۱٫۰ ۱٫۱ ۱٫۲ GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000105221 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ↑ ۲٫۰ ۲٫۱ ۲٫۲ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000004056 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ ۵٫۰ ۵٫۱ Tsoukas, Michael A.; Mantzoros, Christos S. (2016-01-01), Jameson, J. Larry; De Groot, Leslie J; de Kretser, David M.; Giudice, Linda C. (eds.), "Chapter 37 - Lipodystrophy Syndromes", Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric (Seventh Edition) (in English), Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 648–661.e5, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00037-8, ISBN 978-0-323-18907-1, retrieved 2020-12-18
{{یادکرد}}: نگهداری یادکرد:پارامتر اثر با شابک (رده) - ↑ Cheng JQ, Godwin AK, Bellacosa A, Taguchi T, Franke TF, Hamilton TC, Tsichlis PN, Testa JR (November 1992). "AKT2, a putative oncogene encoding a member of a subfamily of protein-serine/threonine kinases, is amplified in human ovarian carcinomas". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 89 (19): 9267–71. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.19.9267. PMC 50107. PMID 1409633.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: AKT2 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2".
- ↑ Heron-Milhavet L, Khouya N, Fernandez A, Lamb NJ (2011). "Akt1 and Akt2: differentiating the aktion". Histol. Histopathol. 26 (5): 651–62. PMID 21432781.
- مشارکتکنندگان ویکیپدیا. «AKT2». در دانشنامهٔ ویکیپدیای انگلیسی، بازبینیشده در ۱۴ اکتبر ۲۰۲۲.
برای مطالعهٔ بیشتر
- Jones PF, Jakubowicz T, Hemmings BA (1992). "Molecular cloning of a second form of rac protein kinase". Cell Regul. 2 (12): 1001–9. doi:10.1091/mbc.2.12.1001. PMC 361900. PMID 1801921.
- Staal SP (1987). "Molecular cloning of the akt oncogene and its human homologues AKT1 and AKT2: amplification of AKT1 in a primary human gastric adenocarcinoma". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (14): 5034–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.14.5034. PMC 305241. PMID 3037531.
- Cheng JQ, Ruggeri B, Klein WM, Sonoda G, Altomare DA, Watson DK, Testa JR (1996). "Amplification of AKT2 in human pancreatic cells and inhibition of AKT2 expression and tumorigenicity by antisense RNA". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (8): 3636–41. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.8.3636. PMC 39663. PMID 8622988.
- Meier R, Alessi DR, Cron P, Andjelković M, Hemmings BA (1997). "Mitogenic activation, phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation of protein kinase Bbeta". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (48): 30491–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.48.30491. PMID 9374542.
- Borgatti P, Zauli G, Colamussi ML, Gibellini D, Previati M, Cantley LL, Capitani S (1998). "Extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein activates phosphatidylinositol 3- and Akt/PKB kinases in CD4+ T lymphoblastoid Jurkat cells". Eur. J. Immunol. 27 (11): 2805–11. doi:10.1002/eji.1830271110. PMID 9394803. S2CID 6303471.
- Walker KS, Deak M, Paterson A, Hudson K, Cohen P, Alessi DR (1998). "Activation of protein kinase B beta and gamma isoforms by insulin in vivo and by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 in vitro: comparison with protein kinase B alpha". Biochem. J. 331. ( Pt 1): 299–308. doi:10.1042/bj3310299. PMC 1219352. PMID 9512493.
- Joel PB, Smith J, Sturgill TW, Fisher TL, Blenis J, Lannigan DA (1998). "pp90rsk1 regulates estrogen receptor-mediated transcription through phosphorylation of Ser-167". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (4): 1978–84. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.4.1978. PMC 121427. PMID 9528769.
- Delcommenne M, Tan C, Gray V, Rue L, Woodgett J, Dedhar S (1998). "Phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase-dependent regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and protein kinase B/AKT by the integrin-linked kinase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (19): 11211–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.19.11211. PMC 21621. PMID 9736715.
- Mitsuuchi Y, Johnson SW, Sonoda G, Tanno S, Golemis EA, Testa JR (1999). "Identification of a chromosome 3p14.3-21.1 gene, APPL, encoding an adaptor molecule that interacts with the oncoprotein-serine/threonine kinase AKT2". Oncogene. 18 (35): 4891–8. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203080. PMID 10490823.
- Masure S, Haefner B, Wesselink JJ, Hoefnagel E, Mortier E, Verhasselt P, Tuytelaars A, Gordon R, Richardson A (1999). "Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of the human serine/threonine kinase Akt-3". Eur. J. Biochem. 265 (1): 353–60. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00774.x. PMID 10491192.
- Meucci O, Fatatis A, Simen AA, Miller RJ (2000). "Expression of CX3CR1 chemokine receptors on neurons and their role in neuronal survival". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (14): 8075–80. doi:10.1073/pnas.090017497. PMC 16672. PMID 10869418.
- Laine J, Künstle G, Obata T, Sha M, Noguchi M (2000). "The protooncogene TCL1 is an Akt kinase coactivator". Mol. Cell. 6 (2): 395–407. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00039-3. PMID 10983986.
- Campbell RA, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Patel NM, Constantinidou D, Ali S, Nakshatri H (2001). "Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT-mediated activation of estrogen receptor alpha: a new model for anti-estrogen resistance". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (13): 9817–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.M010840200. PMID 11139588.
- Zauli G, Milani D, Mirandola P, Mazzoni M, Secchiero P, Miscia S, Capitani S (2001). "HIV-1 Tat protein down-regulates CREB transcription factor expression in PC12 neuronal cells through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/cyclic nucleoside phosphodiesterase pathway". FASEB J. 15 (2): 483–91. doi:10.1096/fj.00-0354com. PMID 11156964. S2CID 26315564.
{{cite journal}}: نگهداری یادکرد:doi رایگان بینشان (رده) - Kapasi AA, Fan S, Singhal PC (2001). "Role of 14-3-3epsilon, c-Myc/Max, and Akt phosphorylation in HIV-1 gp 120-induced mesangial cell proliferation". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 280 (2): F333–42. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.2001.280.2.F333. PMID 11208609. S2CID 29992656.
- Matsumoto M, Ogawa W, Hino Y, Furukawa K, Ono Y, Takahashi M, Ohba M, Kuroki T, Kasuga M (2001). "Inhibition of insulin-induced activation of Akt by a kinase-deficient mutant of the epsilon isozyme of protein kinase C." J. Biol. Chem. 276 (17): 14400–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011093200. PMID 11278835.
- Brownawell AM, Kops GJ, Macara IG, Burgering BM (2001). "Inhibition of nuclear import by protein kinase B (Akt) regulates the subcellular distribution and activity of the forkhead transcription factor AFX". Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (10): 3534–46. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.10.3534-3546.2001. PMC 100275. PMID 11313479.
- Clark DE, Poteet-Smith CE, Smith JA, Lannigan DA (2001). "Rsk2 allosterically activates estrogen receptor alpha by docking to the hormone-binding domain". EMBO J. 20 (13): 3484–94. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.13.3484. PMC 125527. PMID 11432835.
- Chen R, Kim O, Yang J, Sato K, Eisenmann KM, McCarthy J, Chen H, Qiu Y (2001). "Regulation of Akt/PKB activation by tyrosine phosphorylation". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (34): 31858–62. doi:10.1074/jbc.C100271200. PMID 11445557.
پیوند به بیرون
- مکان ژنوم AKT2 انسانی و صفحهٔ جزئیات ژنی AKT2 در سامانه جستجوی بانک ژنی دانشگاه کالیفرنیا، سانتا کروز.
- خلاصهای از اطلاعات ساختاری موجود در بانک داده پروتئین برای یونیپروت: P31751 (RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase) در PDBe-KB.
 | این یک مقالهٔ خرد زیستشناسی مولکولی است. میتوانید با گسترش آن به ویکیپدیا کمک کنید. |
Content Disclaimer
Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.
- The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
- There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
- It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
- Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
- Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.