XLR50

XLR50
	Vanguard rocket engines: rear, GE's first-stage engine; foreground, Aerojet General's second-stage engine.
Country of origin	United States
Date	1957
Manufacturer	General Electric
Application	First stage
Associated LV	Vanguard
Predecessor	General Electric Hermes A-3B
Status	Retired
Liquid-fuel engine
Propellant	LOX / RP-1
Cycle	Gas-generator
Configuration
Chamber	1
Nozzle ratio	5.5
Performance
Thrust, vacuum	134.8 kN (30,300 lbf)
Thrust, sea-level	123.8 kN (27,800 lbf)
Chamber pressure	4.2 MPa (610 psi)
Specific impulse, vacuum	270 s (2.6 km/s)
Specific impulse, sea-level	248 s (2.43 km/s)
Burn time	145 seconds
Dimensions
Diameter	1.14 m (3 ft 9 in)
Dry mass	191 kg (421 lb)
Used in
	Vanguard first stage
References
References

The XLR50 was a pump-fed liquid-propellant rocket engine burning RP-1 and LOX in a gas generator cycle developed by General Electric.^[3] It was used to power the first stage of the Vanguard rockets on the Vanguard project. As was common to engines based on the V-2 experience, the turbine was driven by steam generated by catalytic decomposition of H₂O₂ and the combustion chamber was regeneratively cooled.^[3]^[4] The engine was gimbaled to supply thrust vectoring. Also, the exhaust gases of the turbine were ducted to dual auxiliary nozzles that acted as verniers to enable roll control of the rocket.^[3]

When the Vanguard rocket was selected as the first orbital launch vehicle for the US, Martin Company got the contract as prime contractor. Given the required thrust levels, the Viking propulsion (the Reaction Motors XLR10) was deemed insufficient, and instead, the General Electric proposal, based on the experience gained in the Hermes program, was considered more fitting and a less risky choice than Reaction Motors next project.^[5]^[6] Thus, on October 1, 1955 Martin purchase order 55-3516-CP was signed with General Electric for the X-405 engine for furnishing a self-contained unit which was to include the thrust structure, gimbal ring, engine components, and engine starting equipment.^[5]

While the first two Vanguard flight, (TV-0 and TV-1), used Viking first stages, twelve X-405 were built and eleven flew on Vanguard rockets.

References

^ "X-405". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-06-24.
^ Bille, Matt; Lishock, Erika (2004). "5 — The Trials of Project Vanguard". The First Space Race: Launching the World's First Satellites. Texas A&M University Press. p. 94. ISBN 9781585443741. Retrieved 2015-06-24.
^ ^a ^b ^c McLaughlin Green, Constance; Lomask, Milton (1970). "Chapter 5 — Battle Over Vehicle Specifications". Vanguard: A History (NASA SP-4202). NASA. Retrieved 2015-06-24.
^ Winter, Frank H. (1990). "3 — Rockets Enter the Space Age". Rockets Into Space. Harvard University Press. p. 71. Retrieved 2015-06-24.
^ ^a ^b McLaughlin Green, Constance; Lomask, Milton (1970). "Chapter 4 — Getting the Launch Program Started". Vanguard: A History (NASA SP-4202). NASA. Retrieved 2015-06-24.
^ "Hydrogen Peroxide - Propulsion & Power History: US - General Electric (1944 - 1966)". Whiskey Yankee LLC. Retrieved 2015-06-24.

XLR50

References

Further reading