The song "Winter Bear" evokes strong imagery of warmth in cold climates with its soft vocals, lullaby tunes and gentle tone.

This is a user sandbox of Rodriguesca. You can use it for testing or practicing edits. This is not the place where you work on your assigned article for a dashboard.wikiedu.org course. Visit your Dashboard course page and follow the links for your assigned article in the My Articles section. Get Help

Tammy Eagle Bull (FAIA, NCARB, AICAE) is a Native American architect and is a director and co-founder of Encompass Architects [1] in Lincoln, Nebraska^[1]. Eagle Bull comes from the Oglala Lakota Nation in Pine Ridge South, Dakota and through her architecture firm, has led projects for Native American communities ^[1]. In 1994, Eagle Bull was the first Native American woman to be licensed as an architect in the United States and is licensed to practice in 11 states within the country ^{[2] [3]}. In 2018, Eagle Bull was the recipient of the Whitney M. Young Jr. Award from the American Institute of Architects ^[2] and was previously the president of AIA Nebraska ^[1].

Charles Cofield was the first quadriplegic graduate from the MIT School of Architecture in 1972 with his Bachelor of Science in Architecture, 1973 with his Master of Architecture and in 1974 with Master in City Planning^{[4] [5]}. Prior to his time at MIT, he attended Howard University where he injured himself as a result of an accident and became paralyzed in his arms and legs. After MIT, he obtained his PhD from UCLA's Urban Planning Program as the first quadriplegic attendee and was the first quadriplegic leader in many programs such as the Good Shepherd Center for Independent Living Housing Development, City of Los Angeles Housing Authority. ^[5]

Pascale Sablan (AIA, NOMA, LEED AP) is an African-American architect and is a Senior Associate at S9 Architecture, based in New York ^[6]. She is the "315th black female architect to receive licensure in the United States." ^[7] Sablan is also the Founder and Executive Director of Beyond the Built Environment, a platform that facilitates equity and diversity through architecture in communities ^[6]. She received her Bachelor of Architecture from the Pratt Institute School of Architecture and her Master of Science in Advanced Archtiectural Design from the Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation ^[6]. In 2018, Sablan was awarded with the AIA Young Architect Award and four years prior, she was awarded the AIA New York/Center for Architecture Emerging Professional Award ^[7]. Sablan was also the president of the New York Coalition of Black Architects in 2016 and advanced the chapter's outreach with elementary students into the field of architecture ^[7].

Sara Zewde is a landscape designer, urbanist, public artist and founder of Studio Zwede ^[8] and a current Assistant Professor at Harvard Graduate School of Design ^[9]. Her firm, Studio Zwede is a Harlem based design practice that works in landscape architecture, urban design and public art ^[10]. Zwede received her Master's of Landscape Architecture form Harvard Graduate School of Design, her Master's of City Planning from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and her Bachelor's of Art in Sociology & Statistic from Boston University ^[10] . While at Harvard, Zwede was appointed the 2014 National Olmsted Scholar by the Landscape Architecture Foundation ^[9]. At MIT, she received the Silberberg Memorial Award for Urban Design and the Hebbert Award for Contribution to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning ^[9]. Prior to teaching at Harvard, Zwede has taught at the Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation and the University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture ^[9].

She has received many awards and honors for her work including, the Artist-in-Residence at the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation in 2016 and National Trust for Historic Preservation's inaugural “40 Under 40: People Saving Places” in 2018 ^[9]. Zwede has participated in the Venice Biennale in 2016 and 2018 as part of the Brazilian and U.S Pavilions ^[9].

Mimi Hoang (AIA) is an architect and co-founder of nARCHITECTS with Eric Bunge ^[11]. She was born in Vietnam before coming to the United States to study where she received her Bachelor of Science in Art and Design from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1993 followed by her Master's of Architecture from Harvard Graduate School of Design ^[12]. Hoang has worked previously in Amsterdam and New York City before opening her firm ^[11]. She is currently an Adjunct Associate Professor at Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation and has previously taught at Yale School of Architecture ^[11].

nARCHITECTS is a Brooklyn based firm that focuses on the relationship between buildings and the public space around them ^[13]. They have primarily worked with cultural and civic institutions, such as the NYS Equal Rights Heritage Center, Chicago Navy Pier, the Brooklyn Bush Terminal for the New York City Economic Development Corporation and more.

Malo Hutson is an Associate Professor in Urban Planning at Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation with a focus on equity through urban policy, health and the built environment. ^[14] Dr. Hutson received his Ph.D from the Department of Urban Studies & Planning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2006 and Bachelor of Arts in Sociology and Master of City Planning degrees from the University of California, Berkeley in 1997 and 1999 respectively. ^[15] Before he joined Columbia, Dr. Hutson was an Associate Professor at the University of California, Berkeley and the Associate Director of the Institute of Urban & Regional Planning and Chair of the Urban Studies Program. ^[14] Dr. Hutson was also a fellow at University of Michigan's Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health as an alum of the Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholars Program. ^[14]

Dr. Hutson has also confounded and leads the NIAM group, a national minority owned group that focuses on policy and community development for local governments. ^{[16] [14]} He has also participated in many national initiatives, such as the Obama Administration's White House Forum on Environmental Justice, and the PEW Charitable Trusts and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health Impact Project. ^[14]

In his book The Urban Struggle for Economics, Environmental, and Social Justice: Deepening Their Roots (Routledge, 2016), he writes of the relationship of local residents with their community leaders to challenge the gentrification of the neighborhood. ^[14]

Melvin (Mel) King is a community activist, academic, elected politician and a senior lecturer emeritus at Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he was previously an Adjunct Professor at the Department of Urban Studies & Planning. ^[17] He has been involved with social work in Boston, while being an elected official as well as as the founder of the South End Technology Center at Tent City ^[17]

Milton S. F. Curry is a designer, academic professor and the current dean of the University of Southern California Architecture program. ^[18] Curry is also the Editor in Chief of the Critical Productive Journal and founded Appendix Journal in 1990, both focusing on articles on architectural, urban and cultural theory. ^{[19] [20]} Curry also established his design studio MiltonCurry ProjectStudio, designing projects around the U.S, including New York, Ithaca, and California. ^[18]

Curry received his Bachelor of Architecture from Cornell University in 1988 and his Master of Architecture with distinction from Harvard Graduate School of Design in 1992. ^[18] Prior to USC, Curry has taught at multiple institutions including Arizona State University, Cornell University, Harvard Graduate School of Design and University of Michigan Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning. ^[18] His teaching has ranged form lecture classes in architectural theory to design studios for undergraduates and graduates. ^[18] At Taubman College, Curry was the associate dean for academic affairs and strategic initiatives and oversaw many initiatives, including being the director of the Michigan Architecture Prep enrichment program for high school students in Detroit, as well as the project director of the Michigan/Mellon Project on Egalitarianism and the Metropolis as part of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. ^{[18] [21]} Curry was also involved in Taubman's efforts to incorporate more diversity, equality and inclusion which resulted in a College Strategic Plan for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion that was implemented, starting in 2016. ^[21]

Contribution to the American Institute of Architects

In 1968, Young was invited to address the American Institute of Architects National Convention in Portland, Oregon through the keynote speech. ^[22] At the time, Young was the executive director of the National Urban League and had spoken before on the concerns of the AIA regarding social and racial inequality in housing and cities. ^[22] In his speech, he addressed the Institute's silent stance on the turmoil in the country and urged them to stand up and endorse the efforts of John F. Kennedy & Martin Luther King Jr. in their actions. ^[23] In response to Young's words, the Institute created two separate resolutions to advance the organizations initiative for diversity and social equality: one created a scholarship program, the AIA/Architects Foundation Diversity Advancement Scholarship, specifically for minorities who wanted to study architecture and another called architects to be actively engaged in the current social issues. ^[22] To address the lack of diversity in the profession, the AIA revised their Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct to ban discrimination based on sex, race or religion and was expanded in subsequent years to include place of origin, disabled status and sexual orientation or gender identity. ^[24] The Institute also created a Whitney M. Young Jr. Award for those that embodies the social principles of equity and justice that Young fought for. ^[24]

Along with that, "community design" emerged as a initiative for architects to engage with people in urban projects, instead of working exclusively alone. ^[25] Young's speech served as a driver for those that were previously frustrated with architecture and urban design. ^[25] The AIA then started the Regional/Urban Design Assistance Team Program and Center for Communities by Design as programs that work for community development and include community members in the design process. ^[25]

Emmanuel Admassu is an architect, professor and founding partner of AD—WO an art and architecture practice with Jen Wood. ^[26] Admassu was born in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia before he immigrated to the United States and received his Bachelor's of Architecture from Southern Polytechnic State University and his Master of Advanced Architectural Design and Advanced Architectural Research from Columbia University. ^[26] He currently teaches at Rhode Island School of Design and has previously taught at Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation. ^[26] His primary focus in his teaching is design and theory related to African contemporary art along with post-colonialism. In 2020, Admassu has also been invited to speak on African Urbanism at the Princeton University School of Architecture. ^[27] He has also contributed a writing piece to the Cityscapes Magazine on growing up with the African diaspora in Atlanta, his hometown. ^[28]

AD—WO was founded in 2015 and is based in Rhode Island, Providence, but through the founder's backgrounds have focused in Addis Ababa and Melbourne. ^[29] The practice focuses on not only designing the archtiecture but also re designing the contextual dynamics of the project. ^[29] They have had projects in many countries including but not exclusive to Ethiopia, Germany, South Korea, the United States with project programs ranging from civic institutions to residential units and art exhibitions. ^[29] AD—WO's work has also been featured in several museums, including Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Studio Museum in Harlem, Architekturmueum der TU München, and Art Omi. ^[29] They were invited to speak at the 2019 Australian Institute of Architects National Conference in Melbourne, Australia as part of the Collective Agency discussion. ^[30]

Add to biography section

Tandy was the son of Henry A. Tandy, who had formed his company "Tandy and Byrd Contractors", which served as the key contractor company for Lexington. ^[31] While he at Tuskegee University, Tandy studied under Robert R. Taylor, the first African-American architect to graduate from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and whom Booker T. Washington had hired to expand the Mechanical Industrial Development. ^[31] He later transferred to Cornell University where he finished the rest of his architectural degree. ^[31] At Cornell University, he founded the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, the first African American Greek letter Fraternity. ^[31] Follwing the founding of the fraternity, Tandy was able to start chapters of the fraternity at other universities, including Howard University, University of Toronto and Virginia Union University. ^[31]

Tandy was also involved in the civil rights movement where he led a demonstration for the admittance of African-American women to the Sage College of Albany in 1912. ^[31]

In New York, he opened his own office with partner George Washington Foster where it operated primarily in projects in Harlem. ^[32]