User:Meditating/sandbox1

[To try out formatting, source editing, wording, etc., and keeps some samples ot the same ... ]

...

Example of sfn citation with URL link in it -- method per https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn#Adding_a_URL_for_the_page_or_location -- Bahá’í scriptures aver manmade notions have been root causes of the sectarian divisions and violence,[α] dogmas and superstitious beliefs,[4] and meaningless rituals that have until now plagued most religions.


Notes can temporarily be "hidden" using the wikitext below: 

This will hide the text between the  markers from being displayed when the page is rendered.


Test of image caption that is CENTERED & with note having a ref citation (to work, wikitext must specify at least "image1" & "caption1"). Without using the "multiple image" wikitext, seems no way to CENTER the caption text when note is added to it -- as shown in 3rd image example below. 1st wikitext below is taking out all parameters that leave it working; 2nd is leaving those parameters in while they don't affect outcome:


Test of block layout of images, and formating & header+footer captions:


encouragement of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá,[c] Bahá’u'lláh's son


Size claim of the Bahá'í Faith in Iran:[8]

Junior youth programs feature common elements to empower participants, indicated in these website descriptions of a few geographically diverse examples in Estonia; Lucknow, India; and the Triangle Region, NC (USA).


==> Below is example of ref. with 2 url links -- one for chapter & one for book:

FIRST ONE (shown for the 2 Phelps chapters in Stockman's book) is best for book like Stockman's "World of the Bahá'í Faith", as it links indiv. chapters by their title, and then links using the doi to the book, where I've made it also list the ch.# and pages of the chap. cited. *** By putting doi link (after preface "https://doi.org/xxx") in place of book url, like so: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429027772 it gives great link for book where page also gives good info for each chapter with abstracts! ==> When that link opens, the doi # can be put after "https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/", PLUS hyphen-2 digits for the chapter, like so -- https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429027772-20/ -- and that will then generate the proper link to use for the chapter-url!! ===> To find the correct 2 digits for the chapter, I must first go the book doi page and look up the chapter and then click on its name to go to its listing in the book -- that url, removing stuff after the 2 digits which are not needed, will provide the chapter-url. This ref. listing is also trim!


  • McDaniel, Jay (2018). "Conclusion: Thinking with the Elements". In Hobgood, Laura; Bauman, Whitney (eds.). The Bloomsbury Handbook of Religion and Nature: The Elements (in the Bloomsbury Handbooks in Religion series) (ch. 20, pp. 247–251). London, UK: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-3500-4682-5.


Baháʼu'lláh[d] (born Mírzá[e] Ḥusayn-ʻAlí Núrí; Persian: میرزا حسین‌علی نوری‎ ; 1817–1892) was the prophet-founder of the Baháʼí Faith.


Baháʼu'lláh was born in Tehran, Iran on 12 November 1817. Baháʼí authors trace his ancestry to Abraham through both his wives Keturah[9] and Sarah,[f] to the prophet Zoroaster,[11] to King David's father Jesse,[12] and to Yazdigird III, the last king of the Sassanian Empire.[13]

> Working with sympathetic like-minded, per British Library article by Peter Smith:[14]

Bahá’ís number in the millions.[15][g] Ref. reworded info for "Bahá'í Faith in Iran" article, to add re growth of Faith globally[h]

Baháʼu'lláh's faith is the only independent world religion to emerge in the modern age.[19][20]

test:

This line will be centered.
And so will this line.

Bahá’í Arc gardens, Haifa

test for inserting an image & using the newer template syntax of double-brackets:center for centering a caption: here's an example:


> Ref. test0: Using the "Cite thesis" template, here is a sample citation from it:[21]

> Ref. test1: [i]

> Ref. test2: [22]

> Ref. test3: Arrival in the Ottoman Empire.[23]

> Ref. test4: The Guardian re importance of emphasizing that Bábí and Bahá'í form one complete religious entity,[j] and the reason...

> Ref. test4a: NOTE--in the preceding efn, since it quotes 2 paragraphs from the Guardian, I previously used " // " to indicate the 2nd para., (which traditionally, as in the Bible or othr archaic text, used a pilcrow [¶] at the beginning of the new para.) but found Wikitext will actually start a new indented line using these parameters — a single <br /> or <br> tag & a {spaces|N|} tag combined together as a proper {br>spaces|5} placed just before the 2nd paragraph [for "proper" systax, see preceding efn]. See the ff for more details: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Line-break_handling#%3Cbr_/%3E_or_%3Cbr%3E re "Line-break handling" & https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Spaces for "Spaces".

> Ref. test5: 2nd sfn here is sfnref linking with Aqdas ¶ cited:[25][24]}}

> Ref. test5a: To target an HTML link to a specific page in a PDF file, add #page=[page number] to the end of the link's URL, as in this example: ...facilitate the discovery and implementation of practical measures that can provide solutions for every social problem facing the planet's peoples.[26]

> Sample of reason for template removal: "Removed "Third-party|section|date=February 2021" template message from "Bahá'í response" section after resolving issue by adding numerous citations from verifiable & neutral sources to that section. Also added more neutral citations elsewhere in article."

> Ref. test5b: Per Template:Citation, the parameter access-date is ONLY used IF publication date unknown; it is NOT needed for published research, books, or news articles with dates -- it is used to indicate when a link was last found working to support article text.

> Ref. test6: Soon after declaring his spiritual mission to Mullá Husayn,[k] the Báb sent him to Tehran to deliver a special tablet[l] to one whom God would guide him to. After learning about Baháʼu'lláh through an acquaintance, Mullá Husayn felt compelled to arrange for Baháʼu'lláh to receive the tablet—this news brought great joy to the Báb when Mullá Husayn wrote him about it.[28] Bahá’u’lláh received the tablet when he was 27, he immediately acknowledged the truth of the Báb’s message and arose to share it with others.

> Ref. test7: samples of citing page(s) from a chapter & author in Stockman's book as 'sfn':[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. *Note for a hyphenated surname, alphabetize using the 1st-part of the surname treating it as one word without a hyphen:[44][45] & [46] **Note that with this Todd Smith citation, since his last name is like Peter Smith's for work in the same year, then some disambigulation must be done to identifiy the different sources so the citation code works--this is done by adding a letter to the date[47]--see these articles for more on this: Template:Sfn & Category:Harv and Sfn template errors. As of 2022 the Baháʼí World Centre estimates "about eight million" Bahá'ís reside in "well over 100,000 localities" worldwide.[17][18] ***Note re how to cite Stockman as a chapter author in book he is also editor for!! I thought problem was citation doesn't see ref. source the way it's setup, but it was actually that I didn't realize I had a 2nd instance of Stockman's book in the reference sources; when I removed it this worked as it should, no need disambigulation of the year which I kept trying and it didn't work for just this first one reference & citation!! But after adding 2nd Stockman reference from book then disambigulation was needed, and works as usual!![48][17]

> Ref. test7a: Example of the 'rp' & 'rp|p' parameter explained at "Template:Reference page". When creating citations, they can be separate for every instance, even if from the same book, by citing the book every time and giving a specific page number for each instance. However, if that results in too many citations of the book then the option exists to use the 'rp' parameter so that only one instance of the book is cited, but then additional citations will show the book as a citation but with the page of the additional citation showing outside the citation bracket referring to the source-item and indicating the specific page on which this instance appears in the book—it will look like this:[50]: 327—and is created using this wikicode: <ref name="dictionary"/>{{rp|p=327}}, where <ref name="dictionary"/> calls the cited book using an arbitrary term you assign to the book being cited (so here "dictionary" refers to the book Adamson|2007 shown in brackets, followed by a colon mark, a space, and then the page # you want to cite (i.e., "p. 327") where the referenced material will be found. Then, under references these citations will show as lower-case letters before the citation like this: " 50. ^ a b Adamson, Hugh (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxford, UK: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-3353-0. " ==> BTW, to display wikicode (wiki markup) verbatim in a Wikipedia article without it being activated or rendered, use the <nowiki...</nowiki> tag—this disables all wiki parsing inside the tag, allowing wikicode or markup to be shown as raw text rather than interpreted by MediaWiki. (per Perplexity reply to Q about how to display wikicode in a Wikipedia article without it being activated)

{See how this was done on this page:
Rank of the Hands of the Cause
...in April 1963.[49]: 70  
[this wikicode:]
In the Bahá'í Faith, the Hands of the Cause of God are regarded as individuals who have been appointed to this high station because of their role in preserving unity and promoting the Bahá'í Faith through self-sacrifice and humility. Abdu'l-Bahá, in describing the Hands of the Cause, says that they are those who dedicated themselves to the dissemination of the Bahá'í teachings, severed all ties with anything other than God, lived a life of piety, and ignited the hearts of God's servants with the fire of divine love.[50] He also mentions that their purity and spirituality have made an impact on the hearts of people, drawing them toward good character, righteous intentions, and justice.[49]: 148  However, the Hands of the Cause should not be confused with the clergy, as Bahá'u'lláh abolished the institution of the clergy in the Bahá'í Faith. Instead, the administration of local, national, and international Bahá'í affairs is entrusted to elected and appointed Bahá'ís in consultative councils, who make decisions based on the principles outlined in the writings of Bahá'u'lláh and Abdu'l-Bahá.[51] The role of the Hands of the Cause is seen as one of spiritual guidance and service, but without formal clerical authority. The Hands of the Cause are also referred to by Shoghi Effendi as the Chief Stewards of Baháʼu'lláh's embryonic World Commonwealth.[52]
[produces this text:]
In the Bahá'í Faith, the Hands of the Cause of God are regarded as individuals who have been appointed to this high station because of their role in preserving unity and promoting the Bahá'í Faith through self-sacrifice and humility. Abdu'l-Bahá, in describing the Hands of the Cause, says that they are those who dedicated themselves to the dissemination of the Bahá'í teachings, severed all ties with anything other than God, lived a life of piety, and ignited the hearts of God's servants with the fire of divine love.[2] He also mentions that their purity and spirituality have made an impact on the hearts of people, drawing them toward good character, righteous intentions, and justice.[1]: 148  However, the Hands of the Cause should not be confused with the clergy, as Bahá'u'lláh abolished the institution of the clergy in the Bahá'í Faith. Instead, the administration of local, national, and international Bahá'í affairs is entrusted to elected and appointed Bahá'ís in consultative councils, who make decisions based on the principles outlined in the writings of Bahá'u'lláh and Abdu'l-Bahá.[3] The role of the Hands of the Cause is seen as one of spiritual guidance and service, but without formal clerical authority. The Hands of the Cause are also referred to by Shoghi Effendi as the Chief Stewards of Baháʼu'lláh's embryonic World Commonwealth.[4]
1. ^ a b Hatcher, S. William and Martin, J. Douglass (1986) Baha’i Faith -- the emerging global religion, Harper & Row ISBN 0-06-312078-X
2. "Bahá’í World Faith—Selected Writings of Bahá’u’lláh and ‘Abdu’l-Bahá (1976)". Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá’í Publishing Trust. Ch. 9, p. 439. ISBN 978-0-877-43043-8.
3. Adib Taherzadeh, Child of the Covenant, Oxford, UK: George Ronald. p. 327. ISBN 0-85398-439-5
4. Effendi 1971, p. 127.

> Ref. test7b: For info on how to format text in various ways using using wikitext, see Help:Wikitext examples, and https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Wikitext_examples.

> Ref. test7c: Sample of an inline citation in a note using the 'harvnb' (all info outside brackets) or 'harvtxt' (only author outside brackets) template (note: use of this template without 'ref' parameters is deprecated as of Sept. 5, 2020:[m]

> Ref. test8: Use of the 'authors' parameter. Per xxx, "authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last." Instead use "last1 & last2" as done here elsewhere.[55]

> Ref. test9: Citation form for Britannica article:[56] & another similar: ... persecution there.[57] & for the Báb[58]

> Ref. test10: Special citing:[59]

> Ref. test11: Example of citation which has multiple authors:[60][61]

> Ref. test12: Info Matt asked be put i/o A.Marshall's ftnt#28 in the Baháʼí literature article; I created this note for it:[n] -- but couldn't use it as article is too messed up, so to do this in timely manner need to just make it text with couple of citations, so this will be it (using existing lousey ref-formats): Considering the great scope and volume of Baháʼu'lláh's writings which Bahá'ís possess, it is interesting Baháʼu'lláh's amanuensis Mírzá Áqá Ján reported that on numerous occasions (especially while in Baghdad) Baháʼu'lláh expressly ordered that hundreds of thousands of his recorded verses be "obliterated and cast into the river"[65] as Baháʼu'lláh felt people at that time were not yet ready for them.[64] (Preceding ref. looks fine, but the ref. I had to actually use for this pg. was a lousy one per existing style on the 'Bahá'í literature' page because it was too much trouble to fix all kinds of stuff to use a good ref. format!)

> Ref. test13:[66] or another way [67]

> Ref. test13a: Citation using 'ref-pair' i/o efn:[68]

> Ref. test14: Creating the same format of an 'sfn' citation using a 'ref' wikitext:[69]

> Ref. test14a: Example of an 'efn' note with 'sfn' ref. that also includes an additional direct url link to the text! [o]

> Ref. test14b: Example of the 'loc=' parameter which allows use of many other locations in a ref. (such as § & ¶ & scenes and verses, etc.) [!!] instead of usual page indicator (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers & esp. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sfn#Adding_a_URL_for_the_page_or_location): ... From the first of two Tablets to The Hague which ʻAbdu'l-Bahá wrote in response to a letter from the Central Organisation for Durable Peace in The Hague, Netherlands.[71] and “With the utmost joy and gladness, serve ye the human world, and love ye the human race.”[72]...

> Ref. test14c: Example of an 'sfnRef' note with that allows assigning any shortened name to a reference, as in the following: ‘For anyone working as a homemaker it is worth noting Bahá’ís consider homemaking a “highly honorable and responsible work of fundamental importance to society.”’[73] Another is this one for "The Bahá'ís" magazine.[74]

> Ref. test15: Its[p] virtues.

> Ref. test16: Bahá’ís believe Bahá’u’lláh’s Covenant is the distinguishing feature of his Faith that preserves its unity and protects it from breaking into sects,[77][78][79][q] as happened in older world religions after the passing of their founders. To this day the Bahá’í Faith remains undivided.[82]

> Ref. test17: Nested refs examples... A subnote may appear in the same list as the footnote in which it is nested, although the subnote will appear above the main note referring to it. A worikaround so the doubly nested subnote within the footnote will display correctly is to use the parameter efn-lg (lg=lower greek) and get the nested item to display in a "subnote" area under notes using the notelist-lg parameter -- as I've now setup on this page under "Notes". Here is an example showing this + again use of "loc" parameter per test14b: [r]

> Ref. test18: Reference citing from "The Bahá’ís" magazine: Bahá’í Houses of Worship[s]

> Ref. test19: More nested refs examples... Bahá’ís hold that several factors particularly inspire and prepare those who desire to contribute to the great goal of positive societal transformation, these include: Comprehending life’s purposes;[86] understanding how religion should benefit humanity;[87] developing a service ethic;[88][89] and engaging with like-minded souls[90][91] to implement consensus-based actions to improve individual lives and the commonweal.[92][93][94]

> Ref. test20: parameter "author-link" as in the following refers to any link to an internal Wikipedia article -- so that when the author's name comes up in the ref. or any citation using, it should be underlined & clickable to that article. As per this one to the Guardian.

> Ref. test21: Q: How do you create a link that jumps to a specific section within a Wiki article? A: To create a link to a specific section within a Wikipedia article, you can use the following syntax: Article Name#Section Name The part before the hash symbol (#) is the name of the target article, and the part after the hash is the name of the section within that article. For example: This creates a wikilink that jumps directly to the specified section of the target article: Albert Einstein#Scientific career This would link to the "Scientific career" section of the "Albert Einstein" article. If you want to customize the displayed text of the link, you can use a pipe (|) character: Einstein's scientific work This would display as "Einstein's scientific work" but still link to the "Scientific career" section3. For a more polished presentation, you can use the {{Section link}}: required section parameter(s) missing template: Albert Einstein § Scientific career This format displays the link with a section sign (§) instead of a hash (#), resulting in "Albert Einstein § Scientific career"4.

  • Important considerations:
   Section names are case-sensitive, unlike article titles where the first letter is not case-sensitive3.
   Some characters require encoding when used in section links. For example, [ ] { | } need to be encoded as .5B .5D .7B .7C .7D respectively3.
   If linking to a section within the same page, you can omit the article name and just use #Section Name3.
   Section links work through redirects, so if an article has been moved or renamed, links to its sections will still function3.

> Remember that while these links are useful for navigation within Wikipedia, they may not be ideal for all contexts, especially in printed versions or republished content where links cannot be followed4.


> Ref. test 22: Q: When linking to a pdf referenced in a wikipedia article, what is the wikicode needed for the link to jump to a specific page within the pdf? A: To link to a specific page within a PDF referenced in a Wikipedia article, you can use the following wikicode: [#page=N Link text] Replace "PDF_FILENAME.pdf" with the actual filename of the PDF, "N" with the desired page number, and "Link text" with the text you want to display for the link56. For example, to link to page 33 of a PDF file named "USERS_GUIDE_TO_MODEL.pdf" with the link text "Link to page 33 in manual", you would use: [#page=33 Link to page 33 in manual]

This method assumes that the PdfHandler extension is installed on the Wikipedia site5. The resulting link will open the PDF file to the specified page in full-screen mode when clicked5. Alternatively, for external PDF links not hosted on Wikipedia, you can simply add "#page=N" to the end of the PDF URL, where N is the desired page number6. For example: Link to page 5 This approach works for most PDF viewers that support this feature, and if not supported, it will default to displaying the first page of the document6.

  • For instance, see this I did for this Sandbox11 image:
    Students in 1933 at the Tarbiyat School for Girls, established by the Tehran Bahá'í Community in 1911.[t]

caption ref.: [95]

Also: [96]

Again, using pdf pg-ref link for this new BIC booklet ref (quote is on pg. 3 of statement, but on actual pg. 5 of the pdf: "Failure to recognize that women are equal to men ultimately impedes the material, social, and spiritual flourishing of every individual."[97]


Nice image for some possible article.

Varqá (r) and his 12 year old son Rúhu'lláh (l), before their 1896 execution for being Baháʼís


In Bahá’u’lláh’s teachings God is seen as having created human souls as noble entities capable of both knowing their Creator exists and being able to reflect Its[u] virtues.[100] Humans are understood to pass through this material plane of existence for two fundamental purposes. The first is so each soul develops its God-given potential qualities in preparation for the next stage of its existence in eternal spiritual realms hereafter[101]—Bahá’ís believe such development occurs in this life through experiences and interactions with others which challenge a person to grow spiritually.[102][103][v] The second purpose relates to every person’s responsibility, as a member of the human race, to collectively participate in carrying forward “an ever-advancing civilization”[104][105] in harmony with God’s will.[106]

In considering life’s purposes the topic of religion commonly arises. No scholarly consensus exists regarding what constitutes a religion; and personal notions of what it encompasses vary widely by culture, and differ considerably amongst individuals based on their own traditions, sectarian beliefs, or religious upbringing or lack thereof.[107] Yet, whatever an individual understands religion to be, Bahá’ís hold that understanding it in relation to the Bahá’í Faith requires thinking “differently about religion”—for its scope encompasses much more than what is normally understood by the term.[108] In the scriptures, theology, and personal ethics of the Bahá’í Faith teachings exist on subjects such as social ethics, race issues, feminist matters, economics, global government and legal affairs. “Indeed it could be said that there are few areas of human life, at the individual, social or global levels, about which the Bahá’í Faith does not have something to say.”[109] Generally, Bahá’í teachings in these topics are not specific policies or detailed rules, but spiritual principles intended as guides for followers to use in related situations.[109] Bahá’í writings also speak to numerous facets of religion’s purpose, its relationship to individuals and society, and “its role in personal spiritual development and in the creation of justice, peace, unity, and order among people”.[110][111]

Bahá’ís view pure religion[112][w] as loving guidance from the Creator to assist every aspect of a person’s life, and believe teachings of any manifestation of God are always in tune with exigencies of the period for which they were revealed.[116][117] For Bahá’ís religious ‘faith’ is specifically comprised of two inseparable components: “conscious knowledge” of the spiritual foundations of what one believes (in contrast to ‘blindly imitating’ ancestors or religious leaders), and then living those beliefs through “the practice of good deeds”[118]—“Let deeds, not words, be your adorning”, Bahá’u'lláh urges.[119] Bahá’u’lláh further states no person’s faith can be conditioned by anyone else,[118] and that religious beliefs must be the fruit of personal investigation of spiritual realities related to awareness of God’s existence.[120][121] He also teaches the importance of recognizing the most recent manifestation sent by God to this world,[122] and finding ways to meaningfully live by his teachings while on earth.[123]


> NEW! Ref-test#1 for Bahaipedia: https://bahaipedia.org/The_Báb:[124] *Wasn't able to edit, so made not in the "Discussion"--https://bahaipedia.org/Talk:The_B%C3%A1b

> For Wiki article on the Báb, use this note:[x]


==> According to Perplexity.ai, in wikipedia articles, the "See also" section is normally positioned at the end of the main body of text, before "Notes", "Citations", and "References", rather than before "Further reading": 

      Answer: The "See also" section in a Wikipedia article is typically positioned at the end of the main body of text, after the content sections but before the "Notes", "References", and "Further reading" sections6. The standard order for these elements is:
   Main body of the article
   See also
   Notes and references
   Further reading
   External links
      This placement allows readers to explore related topics after reading the main content but before delving into the article's sources and additional reading materials.

> Samples of wikicode & possible entries for See also section: (which should always be links to internal wiki links, nothing external:

See also


Notes

  1. ^ On 8 July 2008 the Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh (in ‘Akká), along with the Shrine of the Báb and other Bahá'í World Centre buildings in Haifa, were added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in recognition of their “outstanding universal value” to humanity.[5]
  2. ^ On 8 July 2008 the Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh (in ‘Akká), along with the Shrine of the Báb and other Bahá'í World Centre buildings in Haifa, were added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in recognition of their “outstanding universal value” to humanity.[6]
  3. ^
    ʻAbbás Effendi, known as ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
    Bahá’ís consider ʻAbdu'l-Bahá the perfect exemplar of one whose life fully integrated serving God and serving humanity.[7]
  4. ^ Baháʼu'lláh (/bəˈhɑːʊˌlɑː/, Arabic: بَهاءُالله) means "Glory of God". The apostrophe-like mark after "Bahá" is for the Arabic letter hamza which represents the glottal stop (pronounced like a catch in the throat, as in the first part of the English phrase "uh-oh"). The apostrophe before "lláh" indicates the first vowel of "Alláh" was omitted to form a contraction. Common transliterations of the name, with or without diacritical marks, include Baha'u'llah, Bahaullah, and Baháʼ Alláh.
  5. ^ As an aristocrat, the title Mírzá signifed Bahá'u'lláh was the son of a nobleman.
  6. ^ Through her descendant Jesse, the father of King David.[10]
  7. ^ The World Religion Database estimated as of 2010 there were 7.3 million Bahá’ís globally, stating: “The Baha’i Faith is the only religion to have grown faster in every United Nations region over the past 100 years than the general population; Baháʼí…was thus the fasting-growing religion between 1910 and 2010, growing at least twice as fast as the population of almost every UN region.”[16] In 2020 the Baháʼí World Centre estimated "about eight million" Baháʼís reside in "well over 100,000 localities" worldwide.[17][18]
  8. ^ Outside Iran the Baháʼí Faith has become one of the world's fasting growing religions—according to estimates of the World Religion Database, as of 2010 there were 7.3 million Baháʼís globally, and “The Baháʼí Faith is the only religion to have grown faster in every United Nations region over the past 100 years than the general population; Baháʼí…was thus the fasting-growing religion between 1910 and 2010, growing at least twice as fast as the population of almost every UN region.”[16] In 2020 the Baháʼí World Centre estimated "about eight million" Baháʼís reside in "well over 100,000 localities" worldwide.[17][18]
  9. ^ For insight into the giving of spiritual names, see "Personal Names and Titles in Islamic and Baha'i Usage".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) In Walbridge, John (2002). "Essays and Notes on Babi and Baha'i History".
  10. ^ “Shoghi Effendi feels that the unity of the Baháʼí Revelation as one complete whole embracing the Faith of the Báb should be emphasized... The Faith of the Báb should not be divorced from that of Baháʼu'lláh. Though the teachings of the Bayan have been abrogated and superseded by the laws of the Aqdas, yet due to the fact that the Báb considered Himself as the Forerunner of Baháʼu'lláh, we would regard His Dispensation together with that of Baháʼu'lláh as forming one entity, the former being introductory to the advent of the latter.
         “The Báb states that His laws are provisional and depend upon the acceptance of the future Manifestation. This is why in the Book of Aqdas Baháʼu'lláh sanctions some of the laws found in the Bayan, modifies others and sets aside many.”[24]
  11. ^ A devout Islamic scholar who was the first person to believe in the Báb.[27]
  12. ^ Term for a letter on a religious topic
  13. ^ Since the establishment of Baháʼu'lláh's Covenant, a few individuals have rejected the appointment and authority of the head of the Baháʼí Faith, and sought to promote their own leadership; all have failed.[53] Some describe those involved in such attempts (known as covenant-breakers by Baháʼís) as “sects” of the Baháʼí Faith. However, a distinguished legal scholar explains they cannot be correctly described as Bahá’í “sects” or “schisms” since none have ever successfully established a genuine “rival community”. Udo Schaefer points out, “One cannot speak of a ‘schism’ when a division is of merely ephemeral significance since it did not result in the formation of a rival community. (Just as one does not speak of an ecclesiastical schism every time an individual member of a church performs an action constituting the ecclesiastical offence of ‘schism’.)”[54] For further consideration of these and related points, see Heller (2022, pp. 414–421).
  14. ^ Considering the great scope and volume of Baháʼu'lláh's writings which Bahá'ís possess, it is interesting Baháʼu'lláh's amanuensis Mírzá Áqá Ján reported that on numerous occasions—especially after his return from Kurdistan—Baháʼu'lláh expressly ordered that hundreds of thousands of his recorded verses be "obliterated and cast into the river"[62][63] as Baháʼu'lláh felt people at that time were not yet ready for them.[64]
  15. ^ Conversely, Bahá’í writings warn that if a group claims to be from God but teaches anything that causes “dislike, hatred and division, it were better to be without it, and to withdraw from such a religion would be a truly religious act. For it is clear that the purpose of a remedy is to cure; but if the remedy should only aggravate the complaint it had better be left alone. Any religion which is not a cause of love and unity is no religion. All the holy prophets were as doctors to the soul; they gave prescriptions for the healing of mankind; thus any remedy that causes disease does not come from the great and supreme Physician.”[70]
  16. ^ “When considering the manner in which masculine pronouns are used to refer to God, it is important to bear in mind that when Bahá’u’lláh was revealing His Scriptures He had to use language and forms of expression which could be understood by those whom He was addressing. This is the case with every Prophet; He is compelled to use old forms through which He will raise humanity to a new level of understanding. In Arabic and Persian, as in English and most European languages, it has been customary to refer to God as “Lord” and “Father”, rather than “Lady” and “Mother”. While using the conventional wording, Bahá’u’lláh devoted vast numbers of Tablets [letters] to conveying the truth that God is not only neither male nor female, but also is far above all human understanding. If one studies deeply the Writings of Bahá’u’lláh that portray both the transcendence and immanence of God it becomes clear that the entire subject of sex in this context is essentially irrelevant…”.[75][76]
  17. ^ Since the establishment of Baháʼu'lláh's Covenant, a few individuals have rejected the appointment and authority of the head of the Baháʼí Faith, and sought to promote their own leadership; all have failed.[53] Some describe those involved in such attempts (known as covenant-breakers by Baháʼís) as “sects” of the Baháʼí Faith. However, a distinguished legal scholar explains they cannot be correctly described as Bahá’í “sects” or “schisms” since none have ever successfully established a genuine “rival community”. Udo Schaefer points out, “One cannot speak of a ‘schism’ when a division is of merely ephemeral significance since it did not result in the formation of a rival community. (Just as one does not speak of an ecclesiastical schism every time an individual member of a church performs an action constituting the ecclesiastical offence of ‘schism’.)”[54] Another academic suggests that characterizing such groups as ‘splinters’ of the Bahá'í Faith “is in a sense incorrect” as they “are not developing their own distinctive beliefs and practices”[80]—and because they have “no independent life” and exist only to attack and oppose the main Baha’i community, “it would perhaps be more accurate to call” any such group “an anti-religion.”[81] For further consideration of these and related points, see Heller (2022, pp. 414–421).
  18. ^ In the context of providing charity, or otherwise sacrificing for those in need, Bahá’u'lláh indicates the altruistic essence of spiritual unity when he declares, “Blessed is he who preferreth his brother[β] before himself.”[84][85]
  19. ^ Sites for future Bahá’í Houses of Worship already exist in more than 130 countries.[74]
  20. ^ This school was one of at least 47 such Bahá'í-operated schools forcibly closed under the Pahlavi government in 1934.[95]
  21. ^ “When considering the manner in which masculine pronouns are used to refer to God, it is important to bear in mind that when Bahá’u’lláh was revealing His Scriptures He had to use language and forms of expression which could be understood by those whom He was addressing. This is the case with every Prophet; He is compelled to use old forms through which He will raise humanity to a new level of understanding. In Arabic and Persian, as in English and most European languages, it has been customary to refer to God as “Lord” and “Father”, rather than “Lady” and “Mother”. While using the conventional wording, Bahá’u’lláh devoted vast numbers of Tablets [letters] to conveying the truth that God is not only neither male nor female, but also is far above all human understanding. If one studies deeply the Writings of Bahá’u’lláh that portray both the transcendence and immanence of God it becomes clear that the entire subject of sex in this context is essentially irrelevant…”.[98][99]
  22. ^ For more on Bahá’í perspectives of life’s purposes, particularly its spiritual aspects, view the Bahá’í World Centre article "The Life of the Spirit". Also consider the article "'The Purpose of Life', (under) Bahá'í Topics: An Information Resource of the Bahá'í International Community". Retrieved 2 February 2025.
  23. ^ Meaning the unadulterated teachings revealed by the divine founders of major religions—wholly uncorrupted by misunderstandings or misinterpretations added to them by their respective clergy over time. Bahá’í scriptures aver such human notions have been the root causes of the sectarian divisions and violence, superstitious beliefs, and meaningless rituals that have until now plagued most religions.[113][114][115]
  24. ^ Mullá Husayn was met at the gate of Shiraz by the Báb, they knew each other from having met previously in Karbilá.[125]

Subnotes

  1. ^ Over 135 years ago, Bahá’u'lláh warned that religious “fanaticism and hatred are a world-devouring fire, whose violence none can quench.”[1] Bahá’ís believe fanaticism's “pernicious influence can be found at the root” of far too many “conflicts and other ills undermining peace in the world, including the problem of terrorism.” They also see fanaticism as a “a perversion of religion” that is completely contrary to God's purpose in sending manifestations to “promote unity among all the peoples of the world, and to outlaw war and violence in human affairs.”[2][3]
  2. ^ While this verse mentions a male, Bahá’ís understand it also applies to a female—this is always the case with Bahá’u'lláh's writings, they apply mutatis mutandis “unless the context makes this impossible.”[83]

Citations

  1. ^ Adamson 2007, p. 167.
  2. ^ Adamson 2007, pp. 167–168.
  3. ^ Universal House of Justice 2002, To The World’s Religious Leaders.
  4. ^ ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1982, p. 125.
  5. ^ UNESCO World Heritage Centre (8 July 2008). "Bahá'í Holy Places in Haifa and the Western Galilee". Archived from the original on 16 July 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  6. ^ UNESCO World Heritage Centre (8 July 2008). "Bahá'í Holy Places in Haifa and the Western Galilee". Archived from the original on 16 July 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
  7. ^ Smith 2000, p. 19.
  8. ^ Rehman 2019, p. 13.
  9. ^ Hatcher & Martin 1984, p. 127n.
  10. ^ Taherzadeh 1976, p. 305.
  11. ^ Smith 2000, pp. 73, 369.
  12. ^ Adamson 2007, p. 50.
  13. ^ Smith 2000, p. 13.
  14. ^ Smith, Peter (23 September 2019). "An introduction to the Bahaʼi Faith". British Library: Discovering Sacred Texts.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ Warburg 2006, p. 225.
  16. ^ a b Howard 2018, p. 190.
  17. ^ a b c d Stockman 2022, p. 1.
  18. ^ a b c Smith 2022, pp. 509–510.
  19. ^ Hartz 2009, pp. 22–23.
  20. ^ Smith & Momen 1989, pp. 63–64.
  21. ^ Berger 2018, p. 9.
  22. ^ "Baháʼu'lláh arrives in the Holy Land". The Life of Baháʼu'lláh – A Photographic Narrative. Baháʼí World Centre.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  23. ^ "Banishment from Iran". The Life of Baháʼu'lláh – A Photographic Narrative. Baháʼí World Centre.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  24. ^ a b ‘Aqdas’ Introduction 1992a, p. 8 ¶19-20.
  25. ^ Hornby 1988, p. 477, ref. #1574 (citing Shoghi Effendi).
  26. ^ Barnes 2001, p. 29 (last ¶).
  27. ^ Ghaemmaghami 2022, pp. 18–20.
  28. ^ Taherzadeh 1992, pp. 34–38.
  29. ^ Momen 2022, pp. 44–45.
  30. ^ Phelps 2022a, p. 52.
  31. ^ Phelps 2022, pp. 211–216.
  32. ^ Alkan 2022, p. 72.
  33. ^ Alkan 2022, p. 76.
  34. ^ Hollinger 2022, pp. 106–107.
  35. ^ Dehghani 2022, pp. 188–189.
  36. ^ Kluge 2022, pp. 230–231.
  37. ^ Mount 2022, p. 240.
  38. ^ Pearson 2022, pp. 250–251.
  39. ^ Sergeev 2022, pp. 270–272, 274–276, 277–279.
  40. ^ White 2022, p. 282.
  41. ^ Mahmoudi 2022, pp. 384–387.
  42. ^ Heller 2022, pp. 420–421.
  43. ^ Smith & Ghaemmaghami 2022b, pp. 454–460.
  44. ^ Bolodo-Taefi 2022, pp. 176–178.
  45. ^ Bolodo-Taefi 2022a, pp. 258–267.
  46. ^ Zabihi-Moghaddam 2022, p. 492.
  47. ^ Smith 2022a, pp. 137–143.
  48. ^ Stockman 2022a, pp. 219–220.
  49. ^ a b Hatcher, S. William and Martin, J. Douglass (1986) Baha’i Faith -- the emerging global religion, Harper & Row ISBN 0-06-312078-X
  50. ^ "Bahá’í World Faith—Selected Writings of Bahá’u’lláh and ‘Abdu’l-Bahá (1976)". Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá’í Publishing Trust. Ch. 9, p. 439. ISBN 978-0-877-43043-8.
  51. ^ Adib Taherzadeh, Child of the Covenant, Oxford, UK: George Ronald. p. 327. ISBN 0-85398-439-5
  52. ^ Effendi 1971, p. 127.
  53. ^ a b Hartz 2009, pp. 73, 95.
  54. ^ a b Schaefer, Towfigh & Gollmer 2000, p. 51 + note #108.
  55. ^ Rabbani & Blomfield 1973, pp. 113–124.
  56. ^ Britannica 2021.
  57. ^ Britannica 2020.
  58. ^ Britannica 2015.
  59. ^ Penso, Sarah (2007). "Annual Report of The Committee of Concerned Scientists. For the year 2007. "Iran", p. 4" (PDF). Committee of Concerned Scientists.
  60. ^ Hatcher & Martin 1984, pp. 38–39.
  61. ^ Karlberg & Smith 2022, p. 445.
  62. ^ Shoghi Effendi 1944, p. 138.
  63. ^ Shoghi Effendi. God Passes By, p. 138. Bahá'í Reference Library: Bahá'í World Centre.
  64. ^ a b Taherzadeh 1976, p. 69.
  65. ^ Shoghi Effendi. God Passes By, p. 138. Bahá'í Reference Library: Bahá'í World Centre.
  66. ^ Universal House of Justice. Promise of World Peace, ¶39. Bahá'í Reference Library: Bahá'í World Centre.
  67. ^ Universal House of Justice 1985, Promise of World Peace, ¶1.
  68. ^ Universal House of Justice 22 July 2018 message to those gathered in Norte del Cauca, Colombia for the Dedication of the Bahá’í House of Worship (¶2)
  69. ^ For a more detailed Baháʼí perspective, see "'The Purpose of Life' (under) Baháʼí Topics: An Information Resource of the Baháʼí International Community". Archived from the original on 29 August 2009. Retrieved 2 February 2025.
  70. ^ ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 2021, p. 130 (direct link to §40-¶14 text cited).
  71. ^ Century of Light 2001, link to text cited.
  72. ^ ‘Aqdas’ Notes 1992, p. 193, #56.
  73. ^ a b The Baháʼís, p. 60.
  74. ^ Bahá’í Encyclopedia Project. Does the Bahá’í Encyclopedia Project have a policy of using gender-neutral language?.
  75. ^ Research Department of the Universal House of Justice (2002). The Use of the Masculine Gender in the Baháʼí Writings.
  76. ^ Heller 2022, pp. 411–413.
  77. ^ Smith 2022a, pp. 134–135.
  78. ^ Smith 2008, p. 110.
  79. ^ Momen 2007, p. 200.
  80. ^ Momen 2007, p. 206.
  81. ^ Hartz 2009, p. 73.
  82. ^ ‘Aqdas’ Introduction 1992a, p. 7, ¶17.
  83. ^ Buck 1999, p. 249.
  84. ^ Baháʼu'lláh 1978, p. 71.
  85. ^ Hatcher & Martin 1984, pp. 99–115.
  86. ^ Hartz 2009, p. 22.
  87. ^ Hartz 2009, pp. 16, 21–22, 90.
  88. ^ Momen 2008, pp. 19–20.
  89. ^ Karlberg & Smith 2022a, pp. 463, 466, 473–474.
  90. ^ Smith, Peter (23 September 2019). "An introduction to the Bahaʼi Faith". British Library: Discovering Sacred Texts.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  91. ^ Warburg 2006, pp. 110, 519–520.
  92. ^ Hartz 2009, pp. 128–131.
  93. ^ BIC 1993.
  94. ^ a b Closed Doors 2005, p. 18.
  95. ^ Closed Doors: Iran's Campaign to Deny Higher Education to Bahá'ís (PDF). New York, NY: Bahá'í International Community. 2005.
  96. ^ BIC 2025, p. 3.
  97. ^ Bahá’í Encyclopedia Project. Does the Bahá’í Encyclopedia Project have a policy of using gender-neutral language?.
  98. ^ Research Department of the Universal House of Justice (2002). The Use of the Masculine Gender in the Baháʼí Writings.
  99. ^ Hartz 2009, pp. 86–90.
  100. ^ Hatcher & Martin 1984, pp. 100–101, 105.
  101. ^ Hatcher & Martin 1984, pp. 101–104, 111–114.
  102. ^ Smith 2000, pp. 325–326, 326–328.
  103. ^ Saiedi 2000, p. 322.
  104. ^ Smith 2000, p. 106.
  105. ^ Hatcher & Martin 1984, pp. 76–81.
  106. ^ Momen 1999, p. 21.
  107. ^ Momen 2008, pp. vii–ix.
  108. ^ a b Momen 2008, p. viii.
  109. ^ Adamson 2007, p. 402.
  110. ^ Saiedi 2008, pp. 8–11, 225–226, 242–245, 254.
  111. ^ ʻAbdu'l-Bahá 1982, p. 125.
  112. ^ Hatcher & Martin 1984, pp. 44–45.
  113. ^ BIC 1987.
  114. ^ Smith 2000, pp. 276–277, 290–291, 297.
  115. ^ Momen 2008, pp. 72, 118.
  116. ^ Adamson 2007, pp. 402–403.
  117. ^ a b Adamson 2007, p. 163.
  118. ^ Momen 2008, p. 18.
  119. ^ Adamson 2007, pp. 242–243.
  120. ^ Smith 2000, pp. 164–165.
  121. ^ Smith 2000, pp. 114, 186, 221.
  122. ^ Momen 2008, pp. 19–20, 132–133.
  123. ^ ‘Abdu’l-Bahá. "Twelve Table Talks given by 'Abdu'l-Bahá in 'Akká (1904-1907), Talk #10–¶10". Bahá’í Reference Library. Bahá'í World Centre.
  124. ^ ‘Abdu’l-Bahá. "Twelve Table Talks given by 'Abdu'l-Bahá in 'Akká (1904-1907), Talk #10–¶10". Bahá’í Reference Library. Bahá'í World Centre.

References

Baháʼí sources

[Updated from Sbx-5 as of 4/27/22 @ 16:31]

  • Blomfield, Sara (1975). The Chosen Highway. Wilmette, IL, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust (original n.d., reprinted).
  • Hatcher, John S. (1997). The Ocean Of His Words: A Reader's Guide to the Art of Bahá’u’lláh. Wilmette, IL: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. ISBN 0-87743-259-7.
  • Hatcher, John S. (2005). The Purpose of Physical Reality (new ed.). Wilmette, IL: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. ISBN 1-931847-23-1. OCLC 61151607.
  • Hornby, Helen, ed. (1988). Lights of Guidance: A Baháʼí Reference File (Second revised and enlarged ed.). New Delhi, India: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. ISBN 81-85091-46-3.
  • Ma'ani, Baharieh Rouhani (2008). Leaves of the Twin Divine Trees. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. ISBN 978-0-85398-533-4.
  • Matthews, Gary (2005). The Challenge of Baháʼu'lláh: Does God Still Speak to Humanity Today?. Wilmette, IL: Baháʼí Publishing. ISBN 1-931847-16-9.
  • Momen, Moojan (1981). The Bábí and Baháʼí Religions 1844–1944: Some Contemporary Western Accounts. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. ISBN 0-85398-102-7.
  • Universal House of Justice (prepared under supervision of the) (2001). Century of Light. Haifa, Israel: Baháʼí World Centre.


Other sources

  • Adamson, Hugh (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Baháʼí Faith. Oxford, UK: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-3353-0.
  • Saiedi, Nader (2008). Gate of the Heart: Understanding the Writings of the Báb. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. ISBN 978-1-55458-035-4.
  • Saiedi, Nader (2000). Logos and Civilization: Spirit, History and Order in the Writings of Bahá’u’lláh. Bethesda, MD: University Press of Maryland. ISBN 1-88305-363-3.
  • Smith, Peter (1987). The Bábí & Baháʼí Religions: From Messianic Shí'ism to a World Religion. Cambridge: The University Press. ISBN 0-521-30128-9.
  • Sours, Michael (1991). Understanding Christian Beliefs. Oxford, UK: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 1-85168-032-2.


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