User:Limulus

Interesting Items
Articles I've Done Significant Work On

(though not necessarily recently)

I made this image showing waypoints for Linnaeus' Lapland expedition.
Thorium

By 1946, only eight years after the discovery of nuclear fission, three fissile isotopes had been publicly identified for use as nuclear fuel:[1][2]

Th-232, U-235 and U-238 are primordial nuclides, having existed in their current form for over 4.5 billion years, predating the formation of the Earth; they were forged in the cores of dying stars through the r-process and scattered across the galaxy by supernovas.[4] Their radioactive decay produces about half of the earth's internal heat.[5]

For technical (outlined in a section below) and historical reasons, the three are each associated with different reactor types. U-235 is the world's primary nuclear fuel and is usually used in light water reactors. U-238/Pu-239 has found the most use in liquid sodium fast breeder reactors. Th-232/U-233 is best suited to molten salt reactors (MSR).[3]

Alvin M. Weinberg pioneered the use of the MSR at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The Aircraft Reactor Experiment in 1954 and Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment from 1965 to 1969 both used liquid fluoride salts; the latter notably demonstrated the use of U-233 as a fuel source.[6] Unfortunately for MSR research, Weinberg was fired and the MSR program closed down in the early 1970s,[7] after which research stagnated in the United States.[8][9]

Sorensen-related

Thorium in India (map)

For Occurrence of thorium based on File:India-locator-map-thorium2012.svg updated with [1]

India's thorium is mostly located in a contiguous belt of eastern coastal states as placer sands. 2016 monazite reserve estimates:[10]
  Andhra Pradesh (31%)
  Tamil Nadu (21%), and Odisha (20%)
  Kerala (16%), and West Bengal (10%)
  Jharkhand (2%)
Selected Pictures I've Taken
  • A houseplant from the genus Abutilon
    A houseplant from the genus Abutilon
  • Large rock at the Harris Museum
    Large rock at the Harris Museum
RFID chip
Sisyrinchium montanum
References
  1. ^ UP (29 September 1946). "Atomic Energy 'Secret' Put into Language That Public Can Understand". Pittsburgh Press. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  2. ^ UP (21 October 1946). "Third Nuclear Source Bared". The Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  3. ^ a b Hargraves, Robert; Moir, Ralph (2010). "Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors" (PDF). American Scientist. 98 (4): 304–313. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ^ Synthesis of heavy elements
  5. ^ The KamLAND Collaboration (2011-07-17). "Partial radiogenic heat model for Earth revealed by geoneutrino measurements". Nature Geoscience. 4: 647–651. doi:10.1038/ngeo1205.
  6. ^ Rosenthal, M.; Briggs, R.; Haubenreich, P., Molten-Salt Reactor Program: Semiannual Progress Report for Period Ending August 31, 1971 (PDF), vol. ORNL-4728, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
  7. ^ H. G. MacPherson (1985-08-01). "The Molten Salt Reactor Adventure". Nuclear Science and Engineering. 90: 374–380.
  8. ^ Weinberg, Alvin (1997). The First Nuclear Era: The Life and Times of a Technological Fixer. Springer. ISBN 978-1563963582. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  9. ^ "ORNL: THE FIRST 50 YEARS--CHAPTER 6: RESPONDING TO SOCIAL NEEDS". Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  10. ^ "RESERVES OF URANIUM AND THORIUM" (PDF). Department of Atomic Energy (India). 30 November 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2017.

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