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BTB/POZ domain article

The BTB/POZ domain (BTB for BR-C, ttk and bab or POZ for Pox virus and Zinc finger) is a common structural domain contained within some proteins. It is present near the N-terminus of a fraction of zinc finger proteins and in proteins that contain the Kelch motif and a family of pox virus proteins. The BTB/POZ domain mediates homomeric dimerisation and in some instances heteromeric dimerisation. The structure of the dimerised PLZF BTB/POZ domain has been solved and consists of a tightly intertwined homodimer. The central scaffolding of the protein is made up of a cluster of alpha-helices flanked by short beta-sheets at both the top and bottom of the molecule. BTB/POZ domains from several zinc finger proteins have been shown to mediate transcriptional repression and to interact with components of histone deacetylase co-repressor complexes including N-CoR and SMRT. The POZ or BTB domain is also known as BR-C/Ttk or ZiN.

Ideas about Subsections

History -- When it was first described, who described it, the origin of both BTB and POZ names

Function -- Protein/protein interactions -- summarize the dimerisation literature + transcriptional repression

[Specific Examples] - BTB/POZ domain in specific genes -- namely Br-C (broad complex), ttk (tramtrack), and bab (bric-a-brac).


(New) Leader

The BTB/POZ domain (BTB for BR-C, ttk and bab[1] or POZ for Pox virus and Zinc finger[2]) is a structural domain found in proteins across the domain Eukarya.[3] Given its prevalence in eukaryotes and its absence in Archaea and bacteria, it likely arose after the origin of eukaryotes.[4] While primarily a protein-protein interaction domain,[5] some BTB domains have additional functionality in transcriptional regulation[6], cytoskeletal mobility,[7] protein ubiquitination and degradation,[8][9][10] and ion channel formation and operation.[11] BTB domains have traditionally been classified by the other structural features present in the protein.[3]

Discovery

The BTB/POZ domain was first described by two independent research groups in 1994. Researchers at UCLA found a conserved 115 amino acid motif in nine Drosophila proteins, including Broad complex, tramtrack, and bric-a-brac, and labelled the conserved region the BTB domain.[1] At the same time, a group at Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories in London discovered the same 120 amino acid motif in a set of otherwise unrelated zinc finger proteins and a set of pox-virus proteins, and thus named the region the POZ domain.[2]

Structure

The motif is approximately 120 amino acids long, with a core fold of 95 amino acids that form five alpha helices and three beta sheets.[3] The alpha helices form two hairpin structures, A1/A2 and A4/A5, out of the first and second and the fourth and fifth alpha helices respectively. The remaining alpha helix, A3, bridges the two. The three beta sheets cap the A1/A2 hairpin.[3] Additional secondary structures can surround this core fold. For example, BTB domains in Kelch proteins, C2H2 zinc finger proteins, and HTH-containing proteins frequently include an additional alpha helix and beta sheet at the N-terminus of the domain.[12]

Function

The BTB domain is primarily a protein-protein interaction domain. In zinc-finger proteins, it commonly forms homodimers with other BTB domains, mediates heteromeric dimerization, and recruits transcriptional corepressors.[4]



  1. ^ a b Zollman, S; Godt, D; Privé, G G; Couderc, J L; Laski, F A (1994-10-25). "The BTB domain, found primarily in zinc finger proteins, defines an evolutionarily conserved family that includes several developmentally regulated genes in Drosophila". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 91 (22): 10717–10721. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.22.10717. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 45093. PMID 7938017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  2. ^ a b Bardwell, V J; Treisman, R (1994-07-15). "The POZ domain: a conserved protein-protein interaction motif". Genes & Development. 8 (14): 1664–1677. doi:10.1101/gad.8.14.1664. ISSN 0890-9369.
  3. ^ a b c d Stogios, Peter J.; Downs, Gregory S.; Jauhal, Jimmy JS; Nandra, Sukhjeen K.; Privé, Gilbert G. (2005-09-15). "Sequence and structural analysis of BTB domain proteins". Genome Biology. 6 (10): R82. doi:10.1186/gb-2005-6-10-r82. ISSN 1474-760X. PMC 1257465. PMID 16207353.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ a b Perez‐Torrado, Roberto; Yamada, Daisuke; Defossez, Pierre‐Antoine (2006-12). "Born to bind: the BTB protein–protein interaction domain". BioEssays. 28 (12): 1194–1202. doi:10.1002/bies.20500. ISSN 0265-9247. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ Perez‐Torrado, Roberto; Yamada, Daisuke; Defossez, Pierre‐Antoine (2006-12). "Born to bind: the BTB protein–protein interaction domain". BioEssays. 28 (12): 1194–1202. doi:10.1002/bies.20500. ISSN 0265-9247. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ Melnick, Ari; Ahmad, K. Farid; Arai, Sally; Polinger, Adam; Ball, Helen; Borden, Katherine L.; Carlile, Graeme W.; Prive, Gilbert G.; Licht, Jonathan D. (2000-09-01). "In-Depth Mutational Analysis of the Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger BTB/POZ Domain Reveals Motifs and Residues Required for Biological and Transcriptional Functions". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20 (17): 6550–6567. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.17.6550-6567.2000. ISSN 1098-5549. PMC 86130. PMID 10938130.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  7. ^ Bomont, Pascale; Cavalier, Laurent; Blondeau, François; Hamida, Christiane Ben; Belal, Samir; Tazir, Meriem; Demir, Ercan; Topaloglu, Haluk; Korinthenberg, Rudolf; Tüysüz, Beyhan; Landrieu, Pierre; Hentati, Fayçal; Koenig, Michel (2000-11). "The gene encoding gigaxonin, a new member of the cytoskeletal BTB/kelch repeat family, is mutated in giant axonal neuropathy". Nature Genetics. 26 (3): 370–374. doi:10.1038/81701. ISSN 1546-1718. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ Furukawa, Manabu; He, Yizhou Joseph; Borchers, Christoph; Xiong, Yue (2003-11). "Targeting of protein ubiquitination by BTB–Cullin 3–Roc1 ubiquitin ligases". Nature Cell Biology. 5 (11): 1001–1007. doi:10.1038/ncb1056. ISSN 1476-4679. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ Pintard, Lionel; Willis, John H.; Willems, Andrew; Johnson, Jacque-Lynne F.; Srayko, Martin; Kurz, Thimo; Glaser, Sarah; Mains, Paul E.; Tyers, Mike; Bowerman, Bruce; Peter, Matthias (2003-09). "The BTB protein MEL-26 is a substrate-specific adaptor of the CUL-3 ubiquitin-ligase". Nature. 425 (6955): 311–316. doi:10.1038/nature01959. ISSN 1476-4687. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ Geyer, Rory; Wee, Susan; Anderson, Scott; Yates, John; Wolf, Dieter A. (2003-09). "BTB/POZ Domain Proteins Are Putative Substrate Adaptors for Cullin 3 Ubiquitin Ligases". Molecular Cell. 12 (3): 783–790. doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00341-1. ISSN 1097-2765. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ Minor, Daniel L; Lin, Yu-Fung; Mobley, Bret C; Avelar, Abigail; Jan, Yuh Nung; Jan, Lily Y; Berger, James M (2000-09). "The Polar T1 Interface Is Linked to Conformational Changes that Open the Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel". Cell. 102 (5): 657–670. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00088-x. ISSN 0092-8674. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ Bonchuk, Artem; Balagurov, Konstantin; Georgiev, Pavel (2023-02). "BTB domains: A structural view of evolution, multimerization, and protein–protein interactions". BioEssays. 45 (2). doi:10.1002/bies.202200179. ISSN 0265-9247. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

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