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Letter names	Esṭrangelā (classical)	Madnḥāyā (eastern)	Serṭā (western)	Pronunciation
’Ālap̄*			Serto	ʔ (glottal stop) or silent
Bēṯ			Serto	hard: b (voiced bilabial plosive) soft: v (voiced labiodental fricative) or w (labial-velar approximant)
Gāmal			Serto	hard: g (voiced velar plosive) soft: ɣ (voiced velar fricative)
Dālaṯ*			Serto	hard: d (voiced alveolar plosive) soft: ð (voiced dental fricative)
Hē*			Serto	h (voiceless glottal fricative)
Waw*			Serto	consonant: w (labial-velar approximant) mater lectionis: u (close back rounded vowel) or o (close-mid back rounded vowel)
Zai(n)*			Serto	z (voiced alveolar fricative)
Ḥēṯ			Serto	ħ (voiceless pharyngeal fricative) or x (voiceless velar fricative)
Ṭēṯ			Serto	tˤ (pharyngealized voiceless alveolar plosive)
Yōḏ			Serto	consonant: j (voiced palatal approximant) mater lectionis: i (close front unrounded vowel) or e (close-mid front unrounded vowel)
Kāp̄			Serto	hard: k (voiceless velar plosive) soft: x (voiceless velar fricative)
Lāmaḏ			Serto	l (alveolar lateral approximant)
Mīm			Serto	m (bilabial nasal)
Nūn			Serto	n (alveolar nasal)
Semkaṯ		/	Serto	s (voiceless alveolar fricative)
‘Ē			Serto	ʕ (voiced pharyngeal fricative)
Pē			Serto	hard: p (voiceless bilabial plosive) soft: f (voiceless labiodental fricative) or w (labial-velar approximant)
Ṣāḏē*			Serto	sˤ (pharyngealized voiceless alveolar fricative)
Qōp̄			Serto	q (voiceless uvular plosive)
Rēš*			Serto	r (alveolar trill)
Šīn			Serto	ʃ (voiceless postalveolar fricative)
Taw*			Serto	hard: t (voiceless alveolar plosive) soft: θ (voiceless dental fricative)

* These letters do not join to the following letter (to the left). In some older texts, all letters can join to the left. In some styles of Madnhāyā script, Taw-Ālaph form a ligature, whereas Taw does not usually join to the left.

• c.399 — Narsai born at ‘Ain Dulba in Ma‘alta
• 412 — Rabbula becomes bishop of Edessa
• 431 — Council of Ephesus: Rabbula supporst Cyril of Alexandria and burns the works of Theodore of Mopsuestia
• 435 — Rabbula dies and Ibas becomes bishop of Edessa
• c.437 — Narsai begins to teach at the School of Edessa
• 449 — Ibas condemned by the Latrocinium of Ephesus, and replaced by Nonnus
• 451 — Ibas restored by the Council of Chalcedon
• 451 — Jacob born in Kurtam on the Euphrates
• 457 — Ibas dies and is succeded by Nonnus
• 471 — Cyrus becomes bishop of Edessa, and Narsai leaves for Nisibis
• 489 — Emperor Zeno closes the School of Edessa
• 496 — The Statutes of the School of Nisibis show Narsai is still alive there
• c.502 — Narsai dies in Nisibis
• 503 — Shah Kavadh I lays bitter siege to Amid
• 519 — Jacob elected as bishop of Batnan da-Srugh
• 519–520 — Jacob writes a letter to the Ḥimyarite Christians of Najrān
• 29 Novemeber 521 — Jacob dies in Batnan da-Srugh

• 363 — Julian the Apostate dies; Nisibis ceded to the Sasanian Empire; Ephrem of Nisibis migrates to Edessa
• 373 — Ephrem dies
• 399 — Evagrius of Pontus dies
• c.400 — Greek Patristic literature begins to be transalted into Syriac
• 428 — Theodore of Mopsuestia dies
• 431 — Council of Ephesus (Third Ecumenical Council)
• 435/6 — Bishop Rabbula of Edessa dies
• 449 — 'Robber' Council of Ephesus
• 451 — Council of Chalcedon (Fourth Ecumenical Council)
• 457 — Ibas, Bishop of Edessa, dies
• 474–475, 476–91 — Reign of Zeno
• 489 — Closure of the School of the Persians of Edessa
• c.500 — Neoplatonic Commentaries begin to be translated into Syriac
• 503 — Narsai dies after this date
• c.510–569 — Abraham of Bēt Rabban, head of the School of Nisibis
• 517/26 — Ammonius the Neoplatonist dies
• 521 — Jacob of Serugh dies
• 527–565 — Reign of Justinian
• 531–579 — Khosro I
• 533–543 — Three Chapters Controversy
• c.536 — Sergius of Rēš‘aynā dies
• 542–c.549 — Junillus Africanus, Quaestor Sacri Palatii at Justinian's court
• 540–552 — Catholicate of Mār Abā
• 553 — Council of Constantinople (Fifth Ecumenical Council)
• 569 — Terminus post quem for the Ecclesiastical History of Barḥadbĕšabbā
• 571–c.610 — Ḥĕnānā, head of the School of Nisibis; period in which the Cause was composed (probably before 605)
• c.571 — Monastery of Abraham of Kaškar founded
• 590–628 — Khosro II
• 596 — East-Syrian Synod under Catholicos Sabrīšō‘
• 602 — Proem of the Statutes of the School of Nisibis
• 605 — East-Syrian Synod under Catholicos Gregory I
• 612 — East-Syrian Synod under Bābai the Great
• 614/15 — Gabriel's Colophon
• 628 or 630 — Bābai the Great dies
• 637 — Fall of Seleucia-Ctesiphon to the Arabs
• 659 — Catholicos Īšō‘yahb III dies
• late C7 — Isaac of Nineveh, Dadīšō‘ Qaṭrāyā, Simeon d-Ṭaybūtēh
• 823 — Timothy I dies
• late C8 – mid C9 — Īšō‘dĕnaḥ of Basra, Book of chastity
• C9 — Thomas of Margā, Book of Governors
• 912–1020 — Chroncile of Siirt