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The first fully-functioning steam engine was built in 1712 by blacksmith Thomas Newcomen.^[1] The development of this device gave rise to the industrial revolution in the coming decades, allowing for the beginnings of mass production.

With the rise of engineering as a profession in the 18th century, the term became more narrowly applied to fields in which mathematics and science were applied to these ends. Similarly, in addition to military and civil engineering, the fields then known as the mechanic arts became incorporated into engineering.

The following images are samples from a deck of cards illustrating engineering instruments in England in 1702. They illustrate a range of engineering specializations, that would eventually become known as civil engineering, mechanical engineering, geodesy and geomatics, and so on.

Each card includes a caption explaining the purpose of the instrument:

The beginning of the renaissance had brought forth a new form of drawing and early stages of blue prints. These forms of drawings were called technical, cutaway, and exploded drawings (Filippo Brunelleschi created this method). These types of drawings allowed for a better understanding on how to build, buildings, tools, and new inventions. This also helped speed up the building process and helped engineers understand each others concepts and inventions^[2]. A big push towards improving society is a invention known as the movable type, invented by Johannes Gutenberg. The movable type is the first machine to

^[3], ^[4]

Early Engineering in Pre Columbian era

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