User:EthosNap/Contribution

Prevention

Measles is highly contagious, since the damage of epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract caused by the virus produces a cough reflex that spreads aerosols.[1] Health care centers, travel centers, and large gatherings are all recognized hotspots for the transmission of Measles.[1] Although endemic transmission still continues around the world, current efforts for global vaccination have greatly lowered Measles cases.[1] In order to completely eliminate Measles worldwide, over 93% of the population must be vaccinated.[2] Case-based surveillance is also vital for eradication.[1]

All current Measles vaccines are live attenuated.[1] It is produced in chick embryo tissue culture [3] and can be administered on its own in the form of subcutaneous injection, but is more commonly delivered as a combination vaccine with mumps and rubella (MMR).[2] The vaccine must contain at least 1,000 TCID50, according to WHO.[1] All children over age one are recommended to get two doses of Measles vaccine, at least 4 weeks apart.[3] One injection of vaccine after age one usually produces immunity, while two injections are almost completely effective.[2] 2 to 5% of children will not produce immunity after the first dose, while studies have shown that 99% of children will produce immunity after the second dose.[3] The duration of immunity after vaccination is lifelong.[3] Travelers, students, health care workers, and individuals exposed to a Measles outbreak are also all recommended to get vaccinated for Measles.

ERDRP-0519 and Inosine pranobex are both antiviral drugs for Measles.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Rota, Paul A.; Moss, William J.; Takeda, Makoto; de Swart, Rik L.; Thompson, Kimberly M.; Goodson, James L. (2016-07-14). "Measles". Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.49. ISSN 2056-676X.
  2. ^ a b c "Measles: a disease often forgotten but not gone". HKMJ. 2018-10-11. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  3. ^ a b c d "Pinkbook | Measles | Epidemiology of Vaccine Preventable Diseases | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2019-09-25. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  4. ^ "Morbillivirus ~ ViralZone page". viralzone.expasy.org. Retrieved 2020-10-03.

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