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Propaganda in Spain has been extensive throughout Spain's history. The majority of propaganda that has happened in Spain relates to the Spanish Civil War.
Second Spanish Republic
Propaganda during the Second Spanish Republic was often used. This was beneficial for many artists as electoral cycles were being frequent, giving an incentive.[1]
The Republican side greatly censored and used photographs, films and posters.[2] Many of these films were increasingly promotional and of fiction.[3] Promotional documentaries were also in the rise, mainly of tourism and politics.[3]
Spanish Civil War
During the war, both sides of the conflict used widely propaganda. They both tackled the same issues, illiteracy, the security of the country and the future of it.[4]
Republican propaganda

The style of their posters was always socialist realism, to convey a stronger message and so they could be seen clearly from a distance.[5]
The Republicans made extensive use of propaganda, printing aproximately 3500 posters in 986 days of war.[6] These posters often portrayed strong and athletic women helping out in the homeland while men went to war.[7]
Apart from this portrayal, there were also examples of workers stomping on svastikas or telling them to produce more product.[5] A common slogan for their posters was "¡No pasarán!".[7]
Francoist propaganda
At the start of the war, the Francoist side underestimated the reach of propaganda.[8] This propaganda tended to demonize the Republic portraying them as monsters.[4] They often used the slogan "¡Arriba España!"[7]
The propaganda of the Francoist side was always in Spanish, even in Galicia, Euskadi or Catalonia, the regions that have their own language (Galician, Basque, Català). This posed a problem in inclusion of these territories for Francisco Franco.[9][10]
Francoist Spain
A common practice for films in Francoist Spain was to dubb foreign films and change the words they said or simply censor entire sections.[11] Another common propaganda channel were newspapers. In 1938, the "Law of the Press" was created, enabling the government to manipulate news sources for promotional content.[12][13][8]
No-Do
No-Do were a series of short films that were mandatory to be displayed before every film. They started operations in 1943 and their last episode was in 1983. No-Do stood for Noticiarios y Documentales.[14] They contained promotional content about Francisco Franco, the Falange Española and the Catholic Church.

Recent Propaganda
In recent years, there have been major propaganda controversies, as well as campaigns in Spain.[15][16]
Unknown propaganda controversy
In May 2023, an unknown propaganda advertisement appeared at Sol metro station in Madrid, claiming that Cercanías was collapsing while Pedro Sánchez was getting rich.[16]
Vox propaganda controversies
The far-right Spanish political party Vox has put out provocative propaganda targeting muslims and migration policies. Spanish newspaper El País compared it to nazi propaganda.[15]
In April of 2021, Vox claimed in a propaganda sign in the Madrid Metro that migrants were winning more refugee money than Spanish pensions.[15] RTVE claimed the statement was fake.[17]
In August of 2025, Vox put a sign in El Ejido asking "What Almería do you want?" showing an AI generated image associating a muslim woman with PP and PSOE and an european non-muslim woman with Vox.[18] The comparison was deemed islamophobic and xenophobic.[19]
See also
- Mottos of Francoist Spain
- Propaganda of the Spanish–American War
- Politics of Spain
- ¡Santiago y cierra, España!
- Propaganda Movement
References
- ^ "La colección de carteles de la Fundación Pablo Iglesias" (in Spanish). Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
- ^ Manrique, Jason (1 May 2019). "Art and War: Republican Propaganda of The Spanish Civil War". Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects. Retrieved 25 September 2025.
- ^ a b Paz Rebollo, María Antonia; Cabeza San Deogracias, José. "LA REALIDAD QUE VIERON LOS ESPAÑOLES. EL CINE DE NO-FICCIÓN DURANTE LA II REPÚBLICA ESPAÑOLA (1931-36)". King Juan Carlos University Complutense University of Madrid (in Spanish): 757, 754, 750, 743. Retrieved 25 September 2025.
- ^ a b Garganese, Robin (7 October 2022). "Propaganda posters in the Spanish Civil War". www.europeana.eu. Retrieved 21 September 2025.
- ^ a b "Spanish Civil War Poster Collection". www.brandeis.edu. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- ^ "La imagen de la mujer republicana" (in Spanish). Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- ^ a b c "Historia del cartel publicitario en España". Botánico estudio - Diseño Gráfico & Packaging (in European Spanish). 27 April 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- ^ a b Boquera, Ester (21 December 2017). "Organització de la propaganda franquista durant la Guerra Civil". Comissariat de Propaganda (in Catalan). Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- ^ Fernández, José Manuel Piñero (20 July 2022). "Carteles de la Guerra Civil Española: Ha llegado España (24/110)". Abogado Piñero Fern (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- ^ Éditions, Lelivrescolaire fr. "Arriba España". www.lelivrescolaire.fr (in French). Lelivrescolaire.fr. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- ^ Argelich, Jaume Claret; Rosich, Ricard (24 February 2024). "Fascist Propaganda on the Big Screen: The History of the NO-DO in Francoist Spain". barcelona-metropolitan.com. Retrieved 21 September 2025.
- ^ Pizarroso Quintero, Alejandro (15 January 2005). "La Guerra Civil española, un hito en la historia de la propaganda". El Argonauta español. Revue bilingue, franco-espagnole, d’histoire moderne et contemporaine consacrée à l’étude de la presse espagnole de ses origines à nos jours (XVIIe-XXIe siècles) (in Spanish) (2): 46. doi:10.4000/argonauta.1195. ISSN 1765-2901. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- ^ "Ley de Prensa, 22 abril 1938". www.filosofia.org. Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- ^ "NO-DO. El tiempo y la memoria". www.catedra.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 September 2025.
- ^ a b c Blanco, Patricia R. (28 April 2021). "How Spain's far-right Vox party copies Nazi propaganda techniques". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved 21 September 2025.
- ^ a b Fernando, Heller (22 May 2023). "Controversial campaign posters create tension before Spanish elections". Euractiv. Retrieved 27 September 2025.
- ^ "Los niños migrantes solos no disponen de 4.700 euros al mes en Madrid". RTVE.es (in Spanish). 20 April 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
- ^ Sánchez, Nacho (1 August 2025). "Vox desata una nueva polémica en El Ejido con dos vallas xenófobas: "¿Qué Almería quieres?"". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 September 2025.
- ^ ""¿Qué Almería quieres?": el polémico cartel de Vox en El Ejido (Almería) con tintes racistas". LaSexta (in Spanish). 31 July 2025. Retrieved 21 September 2025.
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