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Cyanea asplenifolia is a flowering plant in the Campanulaceae family. The IUCN has classified the species as critically endangered. It is native to the Hawaiian Islands.

Description

It is a flowering perennial shrub from 1.3 to 2 meters tall.  

^{Its leaves are pinnately divided with 10 to 15 lanceolate to elliptic segments per side, each measuring 0.5 to 1 inch (10 to 25 mm) in width. [5]}

^{The leaves exhibit a glabrous upper surface and a sparsely pubescent lower surface, indicating a variation in hairiness between the two sides. [3]}

^Taxonomy

^{Flowering plant species first discovered by Horace Mann Jr. It was described by Wilhelm B. Hillebrand, in Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 260 in 1888.}

^{Distribution and Habitat}

​^{Cyanea asplenifolia, commonly known as hāhā, is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Maui, specifically thriving in mesic and wet forests and shrublands at elevations ranging from 1,850 to 2,900 feet (565 to 884 meters). [3] On West Maui, it is often found in native-dominated forests alongside species such as koa (Acacia koa) and ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha). [11]}

^{Human Use and Cultural Significance}

^{Hawaiian lobelioids, including species within the Cyanea genus, have historically held cultural importance. These plants were often utilized in traditional Hawaiian medicine and sometimes featured in cultural practices. [3]}

^{Conservation and Threats}

^{Cyanea asplenifolia is listed as critically endangered due to habitat degradation, invasive species, and limited population size. Conservation efforts include habitat protection, invasive species control, and propagation programs to reintroduce the species into protected areas. [11]}

References

1. "Cyanea asplenifolia - The Recently Extinct Plants and Animals Database". recentlyextinctspecies.com. Retrieved 2022-01-01.
2. ^ "Flora of the Hawaiian Islands". naturalhistory2.si.edu. Retrieved 2022-01-01.
3. ^ "ECOS: Species Profile". ecos.fws.gov. Retrieved 2022-01-01.
4. ^ "Cyanea asplenifolia (H.Mann) Hillebr. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2022-01-01.

5. ^ "Haha (Cyanea asplenifolia)." U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. fws.gov. Retrieved 2025-02-25.

6. ^ "Cyanea asplenifolia - Plants of Hawaii." Starr Environmental. Retrieved 2025-02-25.

7. ^ Rownd, Brooks. "Haha (Cyanea) Photo Gallery." PBase. Retrieved 2025-02-25.

8. ^ "Rare and Endangered Plants." ArcGIS StoryMaps. Retrieved 2025-02-25.

9. ^ "al.ap.specimen.bish1023021_normal.pdf." JSTOR Global Plants. Retrieved 2025-02-25.

10. ^ "Cyanea aspleniifolia (H. Mann) Hillebr." GRIN-Global Taxonomy. Retrieved 2025-02-25.

  11. ^ Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources. "Cyanea asplenifolia (Haha) Five-Year Review." Department of Land and Natural Resources. Retrieved March 29, 2025.