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Spillers coins the word "pornotrope" to describe the process through which the body is converted into flesh for use as a sexual object. She identifies four steps to the process: first, "an irresistible, destructive sensuality" is imposed on the captive body by the captor; second, the captor objectifies the captive body, limiting its existence to its usefulness in relation to the captor; third, this objectification translates into an irrepressible "otherness"; and fourth, the "otherness" invites oppression through violence and sexual exploitation.

Though prominent Afro-pessimist writers such as Frank Wilderson III, Saidiya Hartman, and Calvin L. Warren identify Spillers' work as foundational to their outlook[1][2][3], Spillers does not identify as an Afro-pessimist.[4]

  1. ^ Wilderson III, Frank (2015). "Social Death and Narrative Aporia in 12 Years a Slave". Black Camera. 7 (1): 134. doi:10.2979/blackcamera.7.1.134. ISSN 1536-3155.
  2. ^ Spillers, Hortense; Hartman, Saidiya; Griffin, Farah Jasmine; Eversley, Shelly; Morgan, Jennifer L. (2007). ""Whatcha Gonna Do?": Revisiting "Mama's Baby, Papa's Maybe: An American Grammar Book": A Conversation with Hortense Spillers, Saidiya Hartman, Farah Jasmine Griffin, Shelly Eversley, & Jennifer L. Morgan". Women's Studies Quarterly. 35 (1/2): 299–309. ISSN 0732-1562.
  3. ^ Warren, Calvin L. (2018). Ontological Terror: Blackness, Nihilism, and Emancipation. Duke University Press (published May 10, 2018). pp. 26–58. ISBN 9780822370871.
  4. ^ School, The New (2021-05-17), Hortense Spillers: Afro Pessimism and Its Others, retrieved 2023-02-23

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