31 January: A Polish insurgent unit entered the city without a fight in the first days of the January Uprising, and seized weapons and 18,000 rubles for the uprising.[4]
18 June: Clash between Polish insurgents and Russian troops.[5]
29 September: Clash between Polish insurgents and Russian troops.[6]
2 September: Germany carried out first air raids, bombing the airport and the Łódź Kaliska train station.[18]
3 September: Further air raids carried out by Germany. The Germans bombed a railway station in the Widzew district, a power plant, a gas plant, a thread factory and many houses.[18]
5 September: The Germans air raided the airport again.[18]
6 September: The Germans air raided a historic palace which housed the command of the Polish Łódź Army.[18]
6 September: the Citizens' Committee of the City of Łódź established.[19]
9 November: First prisoners detained in the Radogoszcz concentration camp.[21]
November: Hundreds of Poles from Łódź and the region massacred by the Germans in the forest in the present-day district of Łagiewniki as part of the Intelligenzaktion.[22]
City renamed "Litzmannstadt"[citation needed] to erase traces of Polish origin.
11 December: The Germans massacred 70 Polish prisoners of the Radogoszcz camp in Łagiewniki.[22]
13 December: The Germans massacred 40 Polish prisoners of the Radogoszcz camp in Łagiewniki.[22]
December: 65 prisoners from the transit camp in Pabianice deported to the Radogoszcz concentration camp and then massacred in Łagiewniki.[21]
14–15 January: German police and Selbstschutz carried out mass expulsions of Poles from Osiedle Montwiłła-Mireckiego.[25]
February: More prisoners from the liquidated transit camp in Pabianice imprisoned in the Radogoszcz camp; Radogoszcz camp converted into the Radogoszcz prison.[21]
Hundreds of Poles from Łódź massacred by the Germans in the nearby village of Lućmierz-Las.[24]
March: 11 Polish boy scouts from Łódź massacred by the Germans in the Okręglik forest near Zgierz.[24]
April–May: The Russians committed the large Katyn massacre, among the victims of which were over 1,200 Poles, who either were born or lived in Łódź or the region before the war.[27]
1941
March: German transit prisoner-of-war camp Dulag 240 established.[28]
9 October: Two prisoners of war escaped from the Stalag Luft II in the only known case of a successful escape from the camp.[29]
German concentration camp for kidnapped Polish children of 2 to 16 years of age established in the city.[30] It was nicknamed "little Auschwitz" due to its conditions.[30]
^ abAdna Ferrin Weber (1899), Growth of Cities in the Nineteenth Century, Studies in History, Economics and Public Law, New York: Macmillan Company, OL24341630M
^Zieliński, Stanisław (1913). Bitwy i potyczki 1863-1864. Na podstawie materyałów drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu (in Polish). Rapperswil: Fundusz Wydawniczy Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu. p. 22.
^Webster's Geographical Dictionary, USA: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, OL5812502M
^Abramowicz, Sławomir (2003). "Wypędzeni z Osiedla "Montwiłła" Mireckiego w Łodzi". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). No. 12–1 (35–36). IPN. p. 28. ISSN1641-9561.
^Jesús Pedro Lorente (2011). Museums of Contemporary Art: Notion and Development. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN978-1-4094-0587-0.
^ abcWardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 114.
^ abMegargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 115. ISBN978-0-253-06089-1.
^ abcdMegargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 505. ISBN978-0-253-06089-1.
^ abcLedniowski, Krzysztof; Gola, Beata (2020). "Niemiecki obóz dla małoletnich Polaków w Łodzi przy ul. Przemysłowej". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. p. 147.
^Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 501. ISBN978-0-253-06089-1.
^ abEuropa World Year Book 2004. Taylor & Francis. ISBN1857432533.
"Lodz", Russia, with Teheran, Port Arthur, and Peking, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1914, OCLC1328163
Zygmunt Gostkowski (1959). "Popular Interest in the Municipal Elections of Łódź, Poland". Public Opinion Quarterly. 23 (3): 371–381. doi:10.1086/266889. JSTOR2746388.
Bronislawa Kopczynska-Jaworska (1983). "Working Class Traditions in Łódź". Urban Anthropology. 12 (3/4): 217–243. JSTOR40553010.
Irena Popławska; Stefan Muthesius (1986). "Poland's Manchester: 19th-Century Industrial and Domestic Architecture in Łódź". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 45 (2): 148–160. doi:10.2307/990093. JSTOR990093.
Zysiak, Agata et al. From Cotton and Smoke: Łódź - Industrial City and Discourses of Asynchronous Modernity, 1897-1994 (Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press, 2019). online review
