Stelladens

Stelladens
Holotype teeth
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Clade: †Mosasauria
Family: †Mosasauridae
Subfamily: †Mosasaurinae
Genus: †Stelladens
Longrich et al., 2023
Species:
†S. mysteriosus
Binomial name
†Stelladens mysteriosus
Longrich et al., 2023

Stelladens (meaning "star tooth") is an extinct genus of mosasaurine mosasaurs from the Late Cretaceous Ouled Abdoun Basin of Morocco. The genus contains a single species, S. mysteriosus.[1]

Discovery and naming

Holotype dentary

The Stelladens holotype specimen, MHNM.KHG.1436, was discovered in the Sidi Chennane phosphate mine (Lower Couche III) of Oulad Abdoun Basin in Khouribga Province, Morocco. The specimen consists of a partial left dentary and two associated teeth, which is estimated to belong to an individual around 5 metres (16 ft) in total body length.[1]

In 2024, Longrich et al. described Stelladens mysteriosus as a new genus and species of mosasaurs based on these fossil remains. The generic name, Stelladens, combines the Latin words stella, meaning "star" and dens, meaning "tooth", in reference to the shape of the teeth. The specific name, mysteriosus, derives from the Latin mysterium, meaning "mystery", referencing the unusual tooth morphology.[1]

Undescribed teeth potentially referable to Stelladens have also been reported from the younger Upper Couche III in the Sidi Chennane locality.[2]

In 2024, Sharpe et al. argued that tooth-based holotypes such as those of Xenodens and most species of Carinodens generally lack sufficient character and variation data to be properly diagnostic, and included the study which described Stelladens as an example of undiagnostic holotypes.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c Longrich, Nicholas R.; Jalil, Nour-Eddine; Pereda-Suberbiola, Xabier; Bardet, Nathalie (2023). "Stelladens mysteriosus: A Strange New Mosasaurid (Squamata) from the Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of Morocco". Fossils. 1 (1): 2–14. doi:10.3390/fossils1010002. hdl:10810/64193. ISSN 2813-6284.
  2. ^ Longrich, N. R.; Pereda-Suberbiola, X.; Jalil, N.-E.; Bardet, N. (2024). "A New Species of the Durophagous Mosasaurid Carinodens from the Late Maastrichtian Phosphates of Morocco and Implications for Maastrichtian Mosasaurid Diversity". Diversity. 17 (1). 25. Bibcode:2024Diver..17...25L. doi:10.3390/d17010025.
  3. ^ Sharpe, Henry S.; Powers, Mark J.; Caldwell, Michael W. (2024-12-16). "Reassessment of Xenodens calminechari with a discussion of tooth morphology in mosasaurs". The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.25612. ISSN 1932-8486. PMC 12239698. PMID 39682068. Although a larger-scale analysis of the failure of many paleontological species to meet this recommendation, and thus their poor taxonomic utility, is outside the bounds of this contribution, we argue that most of the existing species of Carinodens, Xenodens calminechari, and other tooth-based holotypes among Mosasauridae (e.g., Arambourg, 1952; Longrich et al., 2023) are known from nondiagnostic types.

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