SS Peralta

History
NamePeralta
Owner
  • USSB (1919–1924)
  • Peralta Portland Cement Company (1924–Sept. 1926)
  • Ocean Industries, Inc. (Sept. 1926–1930)
  • Sea Food Packing Corp. (1930–)
  • Unknown shipyard (–1932)
  • Elwyn C. Hale (1932–1958)
  • Presbytery of San Francisco (1958)
  • MacMillan Bloedel (1958–)
  • Catalyst Paper (–current)
BuilderSan Francisco Shipbuilding Company, Oakland, California[1]: 162 
Cost$1,788,960.88 ($32.8 million in 2025)[2]
LaunchedOctober 26, 1920
Reclassified
Identification
FateFloating breakwater, potential reef
General characteristics
TypeDesign 1100 concrete tanker[2]
Tonnage
Length
Beam54.0 ft (16.5 m)[4]
Draft26.0 ft (7.9 m)[4]
Depth36.0 ft (11.0 m)[4]
DecksOne[7]
Installed powerThree Foster boilers fueled by an oil bunker of 278,655 US gal (1,054,820 L; 232,029 imp gal) capacity[8][9]
Propulsion
Speed10.5 kn (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph)[3]
Range6,000 mi (9,700 km) cruising radius[9]
Capacity2,477,000 US gal (9,380,000 L; 2,063,000 imp gal)[9]
Crew41[4]

SS Peralta is a concrete-hulled tanker currently serving as a floating breakwater in the Powell River in British Columbia. Originally built as part of the World War I Emergency Fleet, she was the last of the Shipping Board's twelve concrete ships that finished construction. After her launch, she was mothballed for a time before being scrapped, then served as a reduction fishery and sardine cannery before eventually being purchased for her current service as a breakwater. She is the sister ship to the SS Palo Alto.[10]

History

The SS Peralta was built by the San Francisco Shipbuilding Company at Government Island in Oakland, California as part of the World War I Emergency Fleet.[10][1]: 162  Once the armistice was signed, any Emergency Fleet ships not well underway were canceled, making the Peralta the last of twelve concrete ships to have her work continued.[11][5]: 76  Her name was Twilight before being renamed to Peralta.[12] The ship's keel was laid on October 10, 1918;[13] she was launched on October 26, 1920;[14][15] she received her documents around the same time;[1]: 171  and she was delivered in February 1921.[16] She was put up for sale during construction, but bids for her fell through,[b] resulting in her being laid up in San Francisco Bay until 1924.[14][1]: 171 

She was then sold as scrap[20] to the Peralta Portland Cement Company for $15,000.00 ($281,796 in 2025) on July 31, 1924.[21][22][1]: 171  Although the company intended to use her hulk as a cement mill,[23] she was resold in September 1926 to Ocean Industries, Inc., and in October 1926 her hulk was moved to Monterey Bay to be used as a reduction fishery.[24][25] After legal troubles around fishing in California waters, the hulk was moved again in June 1927, this time to Port Armstrong, Alaska.[26] By March 1930, plans were underway for a new operator, San Francisco-based Sea Food Packing Corporation, to convert her to a sardine cannery in Richmond, California.[27] In 1932, she was purchased by Elwyn C. Hale and outfitted with additional equipment, and continued operation until 1945, when the Pacific sardine fisheries collapsed.[28][1]: 171 

She was then moored off Antioch, California, in 1948 and stripped of her machinery.[1]: 171  She was donated to the Presbytery of San Francisco on October 14, 1958.[1]: 171  She was thereafter sold to MacMillan Bloedel and moored as part of The Hulks, a floating breakwater in the Powell River of British Columbia to protect the company's log-storage pond.[29] The facility and ship were eventually acquired by Catalyst Paper. She was one of six hulks that remained after the breakwater was downsized in 1991, but on June 23, 2018, it was announced that the Peralta would be one of four ships to be sunk to create an artificial reef.[30]

She was recognized in 2013 by Guinness World Records as the largest concrete ship still afloat.[29]

  • SS Peralta readied for launch
    SS Peralta readied for launch
  • Design 1100 inboard profile and hold plans
    Design 1100 inboard profile and hold plans
  • Design 1100 deck plans
    Design 1100 deck plans

Footnotes

  1. ^ The designed deadweight. In practice, the DWT was as low as 6,380 DWT.[5]
  2. ^ Bidders included the Island Fuel and Maritime Company, the American Fuel Oil and Transportation Company, the Lincoln Steamship Company, the Beaver Company, and a French consortium.[17][18][19][1]: 171 

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Haviland, Jean (July 1962). "American Concrete Steamers of the First and Second World War". The American Neptune. XXII (3). Salem, Massachusetts: The American Neptune: 157–183. ISSN 0003-0155. LCCN 42021546. OCLC 1480480. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  2. ^ a b Hearings Before the Select Committee To Inquire Into the Operations, Policies, and Affairs of the United States Shipping Board and the United States Emergency Fleet Corporation, House of Representatives, Sixty-Eighth Congress, First Session, Pursuant To House Resolution 186: Exhibits to Testimony, Part C (Report). Government Printing Office. 1925. p. 2075. LCCN 44033164. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  3. ^ a b c "1919 Construction Record of U.S. Yards". Marine Review and Marine Record. 50 (2): 119. 1920. LCCN 40007286. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Department of Commerce Bureau of Navigation (1921). Part II: Steam Vessels, Alphabetically Arranged. Fifty-third Annual List of Merchant Vessels of the United States (Report). United States Government Publishing Office. p. 148. LCCN sn88028129. OCLC 09336739. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  5. ^ a b Fougner, Nikolay Knudtzon (1922). Seagoing and Other Concrete Ships. London: Henry Frowde and Hodder & Stoughton. p. 76. OCLC 1084851042. Retrieved March 17, 2026.
  6. ^ a b 12152-20. No. 36. Register of Ships Owned by the United States Shipping Board (Report). United States Shipping Board. August 1, 1920. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  7. ^ a b c Lloyd's Register of Shipping, 1921–1922. Vol. II Steamers. London, England: Lloyd's Register. p. 954. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  8. ^ "Concrete Tankers for Sale". New-York Tribune. Vol. LXXX, no. 26920. July 30, 1920. p. 9. ISSN 1941-0646. LCCN sn83030214. OCLC 9405688. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  9. ^ a b c Department of Commerce Bureau of Navigation (1923). Steam vessels, alphabetically arranged. Fifty-fifth Annual List of Merchant Vessels of the United States 1923 (Report). Government Printing Office. p. 486. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  10. ^ a b "Notes From the Yards". Pacific Marine Review. 17 (10): 124. October 1920. OCLC 2449383. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  11. ^ "Concrete Ships Constructed by U.S. Shipping Board". Proceeding of the American Concrete Institute. XVIII: 109. 1922. ISSN 0272-4235. LCCN sc80000357. OCLC 5928144. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  12. ^ Record Group 32, Series: Records of the United States Shipping Board. U.S. National Archives. – via Stephen S. Roberts, https://www.shipscribe.com/mckellar/wood-rename.html.
  13. ^ "New Construction". Pacific Marine Review: 121. October 1920. OCLC 2449383. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  14. ^ a b "Ships Idle on Coast Says Shipping Board". East Oregonian. Vol. 34, no. 10176. July 5, 1922. p. 2. ISSN 2333-1348. LCCN sn88086023. OCLC 17499195. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  15. ^ "Launchings". The Nautical Gazette. 99 (20): 10. November 13, 1920 [article composed XX]. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  16. ^ "Six Ships Launched: Delivered". The Marine Journal. 43 (23). March 12, 1921. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  17. ^ Ilderton, Sanderson H. (July 1920). "Items Gleaned from California Transportation Circles". Railway and Marine News. XVIII (7): 36. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  18. ^ "Ye Oil Towne Gossip". Oildom. XI (10): 41. October 1920. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  19. ^ "Shipping News". The Seamen's Journal. XXXVII (2): 20. February 1923. OCLC 1588250. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  20. ^ Department of Commerce Bureau of Navigation (1925). Vessels Abandoned, Sold, or Removed. List of Merchant Vessels of the United States (Report). United States Government Publishing Office. p. 841. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  21. ^ Tonnage Sold During Calender Year 1924. Independent Offices Appropriation Bill, 1926 (Report). 1926. p. 508. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  22. ^ Ninth Annual Report of the United States Shipping Board (PDF) (Report). Government Printing Office. 1925. p. 165. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  23. ^ "Shipping News". The Seamen's Journal. XXXVIII (11): 340. November 1924. OCLC 1588250. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  24. ^ California Supreme Court (January–June 1927). Whiting, Randolph V. (ed.). "Ocean Industries, Inc. v. The Superior Court of the State of California, in and for the County of Santa Cruz". California Decisions, Thirty-seventh Year. 73: 100. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  25. ^ "Ocean Industries vs. California Fish and Game Commission". California Fish and Game. 13 (1): 13–17, 54–55. January 1927. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  26. ^ "Peralta at Port Armstrong". Pacific Fisherman. 25 (7): 41. June 1927 [article composed XX]. OCLC 52891122. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  27. ^ ""Peralta" as Sardine Cannery". Pacific Fisherman. 30 (4): 42. March 1930. OCLC 52891122. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  28. ^ "Alaska Herring". Pacific Fisherman: 209. 1932. OCLC 52891122. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  29. ^ a b "Largest Concrete Ship Still Afloat". Guinness World Records. Retrieved March 30, 2026.
  30. ^ Wall, Rick (June 27, 2018). "YOGN-82". Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia. Retrieved March 30, 2026.

49°51′43.9″N 124°33′13.5″W / 49.862194°N 124.553750°W / 49.862194; -124.553750

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