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The Lee model for point-to-point mode is a radio propagation model that operates around 900 MHz. Built as two different modes, this model includes an adjustment factor that can be adjusted to make the model more flexible to different regions of propagation.^[1] It is named after William C. Y. Lee.^[2]

This model is suitable for using in data collected in a specific area for point-to-point links.

Frequency: 900 MHz band

The Lee model for point to point mode is formally expressed as:

${\displaystyle L=L_{0}+\gamma g\log d-10\left(\log {F_{A}}-2\log \left({\frac {H_{ET}}{30}}\right)\right)}$

where,

L = The median path loss. Unit: decibel (dB).

L₀ = The reference path loss along 1 km. Unit: decibel (dB).

${\displaystyle \gamma \;}$ = The slope of the path loss curve. Unit: decibels per decade.

d = The distance on which the path loss is to be calculated. Unit: kilometer (km).

F_A = Adjustment factor

H_ET = Effective height of terrain. Unit: meter (m).

The reference path loss is usually computed along a 1 km or 1 mi link. Any other suitable length of path can be chosen based on the applications.

${\displaystyle L_{0}=G_{B}+G_{M}+20\left(\log \lambda -\log d\right)-22}$

where,

G_B = Base station antenna gain. Unit: decibel with respect to isotropic antenna (dBi).

${\displaystyle \lambda }$ = Wavelength. Unit: meter (m).

G_M = Mobile station antenna gain. Unit: decibel with respect to isotropic antenna (dBi).

The adjustment factor is calculated as:

${\displaystyle F_{A}=F_{BH}F_{BG}F_{MH}F_{MG}F_{F}}$

where,

F_BH = Base station antenna height correction factor

F_BG = Base station antenna gain correction factor

F_MH = Mobile station antenna height correction factor

F_MG = Mobile station antenna gain correction factor

F_F = Frequency correction factor

${\displaystyle F_{1}=\left({\frac {h_{B}}{30.48}}\right)^{2}}$

where,

h_B = Base station antenna height. Unit: meter.

${\displaystyle F_{2}={\frac {G_{B}}{4}}}$

where,

G_B = Base station antenna gain. Unit: decibel with respect to half-wave dipole (dBd).

${\displaystyle F_{3}={\begin{cases}{\frac {h_{M}}{3}}\qquad {\text{ if, }}h_{M}\leq 3\\({\frac {h_{M}}{3}})^{2}\quad {\text{ if, }}h_{M}>3\end{cases}}}$

where,

h_M = Mobile station antenna height. Unit: meter.

${\displaystyle F_{4}=G_{M}}$

where,

G_M = Mobile station antenna gain. Unit: decibel with respect to half wave dipole antenna (dBd).

${\displaystyle F_{5}=\left({\frac {f}{900}}\right)^{-n}{\text{ for }}2<n<3}$

where,

f = Frequency. Unit: megahertz (MHz).

This is computed in the following way:

1. Extrapolate terrain slope at the mobile station to the base station.
2. Compute the vertical antenna height over the extrapolation line.

• Hata model
• Okumura model
• COST 231 model
• Young model
• Area-to-area Lee model