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Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table...

The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial...

Nitrogen narcosis (also known as narcosis while diving, inert gas narcosis, raptures of the deep, Martini effect) is a reversible alteration in consciousness...

Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula NO2. One of several nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas. It is a paramagnetic...

Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular dinitrogen (N 2) is converted into ammonia (NH 3). It occurs both biologically and abiologically...

Liquid nitrogen (LN2) is nitrogen in a liquid state at low temperature. It has a boiling point of about −196 °C (−321 °F; 77 K). Liquid nitrogen is produced...

agricultural practices, fertilization focuses on three main macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) with occasional addition of supplements...

The nitrogen rule states that organic compounds containing exclusively hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and the halogens...

oxide, or nitrogen monoxide Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen(IV) oxide Nitrogen trioxide (NO3), or nitrate radical Nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen(0,II) oxide...

Natural nitrogen (7N) consists of two stable isotopes: the vast majority (99.62%) of naturally occurring nitrogen is nitrogen-14, with the remainder (0...

Cinesite Vancouver (formerly known as Nitrogen Studios Canada, Inc., commonly referred to as Nitrogen Studios) is a Canadian animation company founded...

The nitrogen-vacancy center (N-V center or NV center) is one of numerous photoluminescent point defects in diamond. It consists of a nearest-neighbor pair...

Nitrogen triiodide is an inorganic compound with the formula NI3. It is an extremely sensitive contact explosive: small quantities explode with a loud...

nitrogen balance = nitrogen intake − nitrogen loss {\displaystyle {\mbox{nitrogen balance}}={\mbox{nitrogen intake}}-{\mbox{nitrogen loss}}} Nitrogen...

oxygen (hypoxia), rather than atmospheric air (which is composed largely of nitrogen and oxygen). Examples of physiologically inert gases, which have caused...

Nitrogen generators and stations are stationary or mobile air-to-nitrogen production complexes. The adsorption gas separation process in nitrogen generators...

other nitrogen trihalides nitrogen trichloride, nitrogen tribromide, and nitrogen triiodide, all of which are explosive. Alone among the nitrogen trihalides...

oxide (nitrogen oxide, nitrogen mono-oxide, or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric...

table. Group 15 is also known as the nitrogen group or nitrogen family. Group 15 consists of the elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony...

A nitrogen rejection unit (NRU) selectively removes nitrogen from a gas. The name can be applied to any system that removes nitrogen from natural gas....

Solid nitrogen is a number of solid forms of the element nitrogen, first observed in 1884. Solid nitrogen is mainly the subject of academic research,...

Nitrogen mustards (NMs) are cytotoxic organic compounds with the bis(2-chloroethyl)amino ((ClC2H4)2NR) functional group. Although originally produced as...

Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), and occasionally (usually among ex-USSR/Russian rocket engineers) as amyl, is the...

Nitrogen trichloride, also known as trichloramine, is the chemical compound with the formula NCl3. This yellow, oily, and explosive liquid is most commonly...

Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. A stable binary hydride and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia...

carbon–nitrogen bond is a covalent bond between carbon and nitrogen and is one of the most abundant bonds in organic chemistry and biochemistry. Nitrogen has...

The nitrogen–phosphorus detector (NPD) is also known as thermionic specific detector (TSD) is a detector commonly used with gas chromatography, in which...

infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce...

The chemical element nitrogen is one of the most abundant elements in the universe and can form many compounds. It can take several oxidation states; but...

The element nitrogen exists mainly as a diatomic molecule, N2, but other allotropes exist or have been explored theoretically. Beyond dinitrogen (N2),...

Most legumes have symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Rhizobia, in structures called root nodules. Some of the fixed nitrogen becomes available to later...

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a medical test that measures the amount of urea nitrogen found in blood. The liver produces urea in the urea cycle as a waste...

Nitrogen deficiency is a medical condition where a plant is unable to obtain enough nitrogen from the soil. This can lead to stunting, lack of flowering...

A nitrogen laser is a gas laser operating in the ultraviolet range (typically 337.1 nm) using molecular nitrogen as its gain medium, pumped by an electrical...

determination of a sample's organic nitrogen plus ammonia/ammonium (NH3/NH4+). Without modification, other forms of inorganic nitrogen, for instance nitrate, are...

liquid nitrogen engine is powered by liquid nitrogen, which is stored in a tank. Traditional nitrogen engine designs work by heating the liquid nitrogen in...

The nitrogen crisis in the Netherlands (Dutch: stikstofcrisis) is an ecological and legal crisis that has been defined as such since 2019, following a...

Mixed oxides of nitrogen (MON) are solutions of dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3) in dinitrogen tetroxide/nitrogen dioxide (N2O4 and NO2). It may be used as...

Nitrogen acid may refer to: Nitric acid, HNO3 Nitrous acid, HNO2 Hyponitrous acid, H2N2O2 or the less common nitrogen species: Nitroxyl, HNO Nitroxylic...

Nitrogen fixation is a vital biochemical process that supports the productivity of marine environments. It involves the conversion of nitrogen gas (N2)...

The nitrogen solubility index (NSI) is a measure of the solubility of the protein in a substance. It is typically used as a quick measure of the functionality...

to acquire a yellow cast over time due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen. Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% in...

atmospheric chemistry, NOx is shorthand for nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the nitrogen oxides that are most relevant for air pollution. These gases...

industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) by a reaction with hydrogen (H2) using finely divided...

laughing gas or nitrous, among others, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula N 2O. At room temperature, it is a colourless non-flammable...

In brewing and winemaking, free amino nitrogen (FAN) is a measure of the concentration of individual amino acids and small peptides (one to three units)...

Nitrogen fluorides are compounds of chemical elements nitrogen and fluorine. Many different nitrogen fluorides are known: Nitrogen monofluoride, NF Nitrogen...

diverse microbiomes: rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Frankia...

contain carbon–nitrogen bonds. Amines are formed when one or more hydrogen atoms in ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. The nitrogen atom in an...

Nitrogen clathrate or nitrogen hydrate is a clathrate consisting of ice with regular crystalline cavities that contain nitrogen molecules. Nitrogen clathrate...

Nitrogen washout (or Fowler's method) is a test for measuring anatomic dead space in the lung during a respiratory cycle, as well as some parameters related...

forming. It can also be made by whisking a flavoured cream base and liquid nitrogen together. The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very...

Nitrogen-15 (15N) tracing is a technique to study the nitrogen cycle using the heavier, stable nitrogen isotope 15N. Despite the different weights, 15N...

fix nitrogen enables lichen to live in nutrient-poor environments. Lichen can also extract nitrogen from the rocks on which they grow. Nitrogen fixation...

A liquid nitrogen cocktail is any mixed drink whose preparation involves the use of liquid nitrogen. Popularized as a novelty because of the smoky, bubbling...

important role in the cellular metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds by animals and is the main nitrogen-containing substance in the urine of mammals...

Nitrogen pentahydride, also known as ammonium hydride is a hypothetical compound with the chemical formula NH5. There are two theoretical structures of...

A carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio or C:N ratio) is a ratio of the mass of carbon to that of nitrogen in organic residues. It can, amongst other things...

Nitrogen (foaled March 6, 2022) is an American Grade I winning Thoroughbred racehorse and Eclipse Champion. In August 2025 Nitrogen won the prestigious...

Urine urea nitrogen (UUN) refers to a test that measures the urine urea to assess nitrogen balance. Urea nitrogen is the end product of breakdown of proteins...

Nitrogen assimilation is the formation of organic nitrogen compounds like amino acids from inorganic nitrogen compounds present in the environment. Organisms...

Reactive nitrogen ("Nr"), also known as fixed nitrogen, refers to all forms of nitrogen present in the environment except for molecular nitrogen (N 2)....

in the United States in 2025, thirty-nine by lethal injection, five by nitrogen hypoxia, and three by firing squad. The number of executions in 2025 became...

impacts on the environment. Nitrogen is an element vital to many environmental processes. Nitrogen plays a vital role in the nitrogen cycle, a complex biogeochemical...

The protein nitrogen unit (PNU) measures the potency of the compounds used in allergy skin tests, and is equivalent to 0.01 microgram (μg) of phosphotungstic...

A nitrogen oxide sensor or NOx sensor is typically a high-temperature device built to detect nitrogen oxides in combustion environments such as an automobile...

A nitrogen fixation package is a piece of research equipment for studying nitrogen fixation in plants. One product of this kind, the Q-Box NF1LP made by...

points of the so-called permanent gases (such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, and normal air) lie below 120 K, while the Freon refrigerants...

In astrophysics, the carbon–nitrogen–oxygen cycle (CNO cycle), sometimes called Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle after Hans Albrecht Bethe and Carl Friedrich von...

does not form hydrates. It is predominantly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer. Its other major use is as a component of explosive mixtures...

Nitrogen pentafluoride is a theoretical compound of nitrogen and fluorine with the chemical formula NF5. It is hypothesized to exist based on the existence...

Nitrogen difluoride, also known as difluoroamino, is a reactive radical molecule with formula NF2. This small molecule is in equilibrium with its dimer...

Nitrogen dioxide poisoning is the illness resulting from the toxic effect of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2). It usually occurs after the inhalation of the gas...

Yeast assimilable nitrogen or YAN is the combination of free amino nitrogen (FAN), ammonia (NH3) and ammonium (NH4+) that is available for a yeast, e...

algae-inhibiting organisms such as shellfish and seaweed can also help reduce nitrogen pollution, which in turn controls the growth of cyanobacteria, the main...

known compounds are heterocycles. 59% of US FDA-approved drugs contain nitrogen heterocycles. The study of organic heterocyclic chemistry focuses especially...

Diazotrophs are organisms capable of nitrogen fixation, i.e. converting the relatively inert diatomic nitrogen (N2) in Earth's atmosphere into bioavailable...

in the U.S. state of Alabama. He was the first person to be executed by nitrogen hypoxia. On March 18, 1988, Smith was convicted of the contract killing...

Human impact on the nitrogen cycle is diverse. Agricultural and industrial nitrogen (N) inputs to the environment currently exceed inputs from natural...

Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (nitrogen-15 NMR spectroscopy, or just simply 15N NMR) is a version of nuclear magnetic resonance...

soil microbes that play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature, binding atmospheric nitrogen, which is inaccessible to plants, and releasing...

Liquid nitrogen wash is a process mainly used for the production of ammonia synthesis gas within fertilizer production plants. It is usually the last purification...

it is a powerful blister agent and a nitrogen mustard used for chemical warfare. HN3 was the last of the nitrogen mustard agents developed. It was designed...

Phylogeny Website. The nitrogen-fixing clade contains a high number of actinorhizal plants (which have root nodules containing nitrogen fixing bacteria, helping...

are absorbed from the air and water, whereas other nutrients including nitrogen are typically obtained from the soil (exceptions include some parasitic...

C2H5N(CH2CH2Cl)2. Often abbreviated HN1, it is a powerful vesicant and a nitrogen mustard gas. HN1 was developed in the 1920s and 1930s to remove warts and...

2013. Streetinsider, July 1, 2015 "CF Industries and OCI to Create Global Nitrogen Leader". businesswire.com. August 6, 2015. Retrieved August 10, 2015. "Termination...

structurally related to benzene, with one methine group (=CH−) replaced by a nitrogen atom (=N−). It is a highly flammable, weakly alkaline, water-miscible liquid...

beginning of nitrogen-based fertilizer production. It is a multi-step nitrogen fixation reaction that uses electrical arcs to react atmospheric nitrogen (N2)...

compound with the formula N2O3. It is a nitrogen oxide. It forms upon mixing equal parts of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide and cooling the mixture below...

United States). It is a source of nitrogen, and nitrogen was named after niter. Potassium nitrate is one of several nitrogen-containing compounds collectively...

the hydrogenation of carbon–nitrogen double bonds is the addition of the elements of dihydrogen (H2) across a carbon–nitrogen double bond, forming amines...

The Tennessean. Retrieved October 1, 2025. "Alabama sets an execution by nitrogen gas for man convicted of killing two people during robbery". Associated...

age of less than 100 million years old. Its surface is covered by frozen nitrogen and is geologically young, with very few impact craters. Young, intricate...

The nitrogen compounds through which excess nitrogen is eliminated from organisms are called nitrogenous wastes (/naɪˈtrɒdʒɪnəs/) or nitrogen wastes...

cancer. Nitrogen fixation, which converts atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia, and denitrification, which converts biologically available nitrogen compounds...

plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship...

Nitrogen monofluoride (fluoroimidogen) is a metastable species that has been observed in laser studies. It is isoelectronic with O2. Like boron monofluoride...

sodium, vanadium. Until modern times, nitrogen fixation was the major source of nitrogen for ecosystems. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria either live symbiotically...

ammonium a source of nitrogen and a key metabolite for many living organisms, but it is an integral part of the global nitrogen cycle. As such, human...

Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are a family of antimicrobial molecules derived from nitric oxide (•NO) and superoxide (O2•−) produced via the enzymatic...

and he was executed by nitrogen gas inhalation on November 21, 2024. Grayson was the third person to undergo execution by nitrogen gas in Alabama, after...

services through a subsidiary Fulghum Fibres, Inc. and sold nitrogen fertilizer through Rentech Nitrogen Partners, L.P. In addition, Rentech owned the intellectual...

recycling of nutrients, particularly of nitrogen. Nitrogen limitation in such systems may be overcome by microbial nitrogen fixation when combined with high...

(anoxic) when fixed nitrogen is scarce. Heterocyst-forming species are specialized for nitrogen fixation and are able to fix nitrogen gas into ammonia (NH3)...

fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation is an important part of the nitrogen cycle. Plants cannot use atmospheric nitrogen (N2); they must use nitrogen compounds...

ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. It was discovered by Martinus Beijerinck in 1901, and was the first aerobic, free-living nitrogen fixer discovered. A....

(also known as nitrogen pentoxide or nitric anhydride) is the chemical compound with the formula N2O5. It is one of the binary nitrogen oxides, a family...

isolating the gas, they had determined that nitrogen produced from chemical compounds was 0.5% lighter than nitrogen from the atmosphere. The difference was...

from blood, used as a high-nitrogen organic fertilizer and a high protein animal feed. By weight, it is generally 12% nitrogen with trace amounts (≤1%)...

discovered the ability of alkaline earth carbides to absorb atmospheric nitrogen at high temperatures. Fritz Rothe, a colleague of Frank and Caro, succeeded...

Trimix is a breathing gas consisting of oxygen, helium, and nitrogen. It is used in deep commercial diving, during the deep phase of dives carried out...

inversion in nitrogen and amines is known as nitrogen inversion. It is a rapid oscillation of the nitrogen atom and substituents, the nitrogen "moving" through...

to nitrogen deposition had been enshrined in national legislation. The coalition agreement reduced the fund allocated towards addressing the nitrogen crisis...

hexahydrodiazines are a class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles consisting of a saturated four-carbon, two-nitrogen ring. They exist in three isomeric...

nitrogen-oxygen bond is responsible for their instability. Nitrogen very easily forms a stable triple bond to another nitrogen atom, forming nitrogen...

added via protocol defined in Annex VI. ECAs with nitrogen oxides thresholds are denoted as nitrogen oxide emission control areas (NECAs). In 1972 with...

Adapt-N is a precision nitrogen management solution[buzzword] operated by Agronomic Technology Corp. It was developed at Cornell University. It examines...

heterocyclics with two nitrogen atoms in the ring), it has nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 in the ring. The other diazines are pyrazine (nitrogen atoms at the...

executed by nitrogen hypoxia on March 18, 2025, marking Louisiana's first execution in over fifteen years and its first use of nitrogen gas. This followed...

Apache Nitrogen Products (formerly Apache Powder Company) began in 1920 as an American manufacturer of nitroglycerin-based explosives (dynamite) for the...

three chloramines of ammonia, the others being monochloramine (NH2Cl) and nitrogen trichloride (NCl3). This yellow gas is unstable and reacts with many materials...

growth and reproduction. They are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), magnesium...

And the copper is reduced: Cu2+ + 2 e− → Cu The reduction of nitrate to nitrogen in the presence of an acid (denitrification): 2 NO−3 + 10 e− + 12 H+ →...

plant separates atmospheric air into its primary components, typically nitrogen and oxygen, and sometimes also argon and other rare inert gases. The most...

of single-ionized nitrogen, with presence of neutral nitrogen lines. The excited state of oxygen is somewhat more stable than nitrogen. While deexcitation...

liberates ammonia gas. After conversion under the form of ammonia, the total nitrogen is then determined by Kjeldahl method. The reduction of nitrate by the...

in turn allows for the industrial synthesis of various explosives and nitrogen fertilizers, and is probably the most important industrial process developed...

Nitrogen tribromide is a chemical compound with the formula NBr3. It is extremely explosive in its pure form, even at −100 °C, and was not isolated until...

USP), mustine, HN2, and (in post-Soviet states) embikhin (эмбихин), is a nitrogen mustard sold under the brand name Mustargen among others. It is the prototype...

people, all male, were executed in the United States in 2024, three by nitrogen hypoxia and twenty-two by lethal injection. The first person executed in...

NsiR4 (nitrogen stress-induced RNA 4), former name SyR12, is a cyanobacterial non-coding RNA which plays role in the regulation of Glutamine synthetase...

(lakes, rivers and coastal waters), in which excess nutrients, usually nitrogen or phosphorus, stimulate algal growth. Sources of nutrient pollution include...

and three nitrogen atoms with molecular formula C2H3N3. Triazoles exhibit substantial isomerism, depending on the positioning of the nitrogen atoms within...

the chemical formula Mg3N2, is an inorganic compound of magnesium and nitrogen. At room temperature and pressure it is a greenish yellow powder. When...

of the observable universe. Five nonmetallic elements—hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and silicon—form the bulk of Earth's atmosphere, biosphere, crust...

reversible posttranslational modification (Huergo et al., 2013). Under a low nitrogen regime, the low intracellular glutamine level triggers the uridylyl-transferase...

Nitrogen trioxide or nitrate radical is an oxide of nitrogen with formula NO 3, consisting of three oxygen atoms covalently bound to a nitrogen atom....

to form a symbiosis with the nitrogen-fixing actinomycetota Frankia. This association leads to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Actinorhizal...

marine archaeon. This strain is notable for fixing nitrogen at the highest known temperature of nitrogen fixers recorded to date. The 16S rRNA gene of Methanocaldococcus...

substituents −SCH2CH2X or −N(CH2CH2X)2 are known as sulfur mustards or nitrogen mustards, respectively, where X = Cl or Br. Such compounds are potent alkylating...

being within this watershed. Nitrogen undergoes the nitrogen cycle, where it is converted into different forms (i.e nitrogen ( N 2 {\displaystyle N_{2}}...

filling of wetlands. Eutrophication may lead to excessive nutrients from nitrogen run off, sewage and animal wastes; pollutants including heavy metals, polychlorinated...

is, it fixes atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium, a nutrient used by other organisms. Trichodesmium is thought to fix nitrogen on such a scale that it accounts...

These do not fix their own nitrogen and require large applications of nitrogen fertilizer or cover cropping with nitrogen fixing plants. American groundnut...

phosphorus, while those that take place in saltwater tend to occur when excess nitrogen is added. However, it is possible for eutrophication to be due to a spike...

of soil nitrogen transformation. In another part of the nitrogen cycle, the process of nitrogen fixation constantly puts additional nitrogen into biological...

component of chlorophyll. Nitrogen fixation contributes nitrogen to the plant and to the soil surrounding the plant's roots. Nitrogen fixation is an adaptive...

contain a high level of nitrogen in the C form; nitrogen impurity originates from the atmosphere or from the graphite source. One nitrogen atom per 100,000 carbon...

of nitrogen on Dutch soil could only be halted by direct action. The institute found that farmers were responsible for 46% of the country's nitrogen emission...

(diazide, hexaaza-1,2,4,5-tetraene) is an allotrope of nitrogen with the formula N6. The six nitrogen atoms are all covalently bonded in a single molecule:...

Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa, also referred to as UCYN-A, is a nitrogen-fixing species of cyanobacteria that exists exclusively as an obligate...

The oxynitrides are a group of inorganic compounds containing oxygen and nitrogen not bound to each other, instead combined with other non-metallic or metallic...

plant grow by providing nutrients, too much will result in excess salt, nitrogen, or ammonia which have adverse effects on a plant. An excess of these nutrients...

azot 'nitrogen' and -emia 'blood condition'), also spelled azotaemia, is a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of nitrogen-containing...

etc., are reduced to a fine powder by impact pulverization at liquid nitrogen temperatures. This technique, known as cryopulverization, is based on the...

Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes, opened for signature on 31 October...

Abiological nitrogen fixation describes chemical processes that fix (react with) N2, usually with the goal of generating ammonia. The dominant technology...

The plant includes a nitrogen fertilizer plant adjacent to the refinery, owned and operated by Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers. Construction...

molecular oxygen, molecular nitrogen, argon, krypton, helium, and xenon at relatively high purity. As air is made up of nitrogen, the most common gas in the...

government's proposals to mitigate the human impact on the nitrogen cycle following the Nitrogen crisis in the Netherlands. Party leader Caroline van der...

Nitrogen dating is a form of relative dating which relies on the reliable breakdown and release of amino acids from bone samples to estimate the age of...

nitrogen gas that is dissolved in synovial fluid. When the pressure inside the joint cavity is quickly reduced due to mechanical expansion, nitrogen gas...

and nitrogen oxide into the atmosphere. The main sources of sulfur and nitrogen compounds that result in acid rain are anthropogenic, but nitrogen oxides...

of nitrogen is due to Pluto's vast distance from the Sun. At the equator, temperatures can drop to −240 °C (−400.0 °F; 33.1 K), causing nitrogen to freeze...

Nucleotide bases (also nucleobases, nitrogenous bases) are nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides, which, in turn, are components...

The ability of Gleditsia to fix nitrogen is disputed. Many scientific sources state that Gleditsia does not fix nitrogen. Some support this statement with...

states:[citation needed] Alabama: as a choice between the default lethal injection, nitrogen hypoxia, and electrocution (see Capital punishment in Alabama). Florida:...

fix atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia during the night and contribute to new nitrogen in the oceans. They are a major source of nitrogen to open-ocean systems...

chemical formula P 2. Unlike nitrogen, its lighter pnictogen neighbor which forms a stable N2 molecule with a nitrogen to nitrogen triple bond, phosphorus...

amino group -NH 2 but is rather a secondary amine. The secondary amine nitrogen is in the protonated form (NH2+) under biological conditions, while the...

substances into liquid and/or solidifying them, and as an industrial source of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and other inert gases through a process called air separation...

for its benefits. Green manuring is often used with legume crops to add nitrogen to the soil for following crops, especially in organic farming, but is...

composed (excepting trace gases) of nitrogen and oxygen. It is usually used for mixtures that contain less than 78% nitrogen by volume. In the usual application...

where the position of the nitrogen in the side chain was the key to a more potent drug. Later it became apparent that the nitrogen does not necessarily have...

Triazines are a class of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The parent molecules' molecular formula is C3H3N3. They exist in three isomeric forms, 1,3,5-triazines...

there is currently no test that can detect asphyxiation by nitrogen. For this reason, nitrogen is commonly the preferred choice for people who do not want...

a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) that lowers the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO x) in the diesel exhaust emissions from a diesel engine. In...

the three remaining rare inert elements in dry air after the removal of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide. Its discovery was marked by the distinctive...

silicon homologues to sugars, are among the few compounds soluble in liquid nitrogen.[unreliable source?] All known silicon macromolecules are artificial polymers...

and bioorganic chemist known for his contributions to the chemistry of nitrogen-containing compounds and for applying synthetic methods to problems in...

first coined by Jason B. West. Isoscapes of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, strontium and sulfur have been used to answer scientific or forensic questions...

accordingly. Nitrogen itself is relatively non-toxic, but in high concentrations it can displace oxygen, creating a suffocation hazard. Liquid nitrogen (−195...

of grown N-CNTs reveal nitrogen in five main components, pyridinic nitrogen, pyrrolic nitrogen, quaternary nitrogen, and nitrogen oxides. Furthermore, synthesis...

Munich which contains a long continuous chain of nitrogen atoms, with an unbroken chain of ten nitrogen atoms contained within two 1,2,3,4-tetrazole rings...

the government's efforts to reduce nitrogen emissions were insufficient to adhere to its goals to protect nitrogen-sensitive nature in Natura 2000 reserves...

possible cryovolcanoes have been found. The atmosphere of Titan is mainly nitrogen and methane; minor components lead to the formation of hydrocarbon clouds...

genes encoding enzymes involved in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into a form of nitrogen available to living organisms. The primary enzyme encoded by...

bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside the root nodules of legumes (Fabaceae). To express genes for nitrogen fixation, rhizobia...

The era of cancer chemotherapy began in the 1940s with the first use of nitrogen mustards and folic acid antagonist drugs. The targeted therapy revolution...

fertilizer, especially for soil low in nitrogen. Of all animal manures, it has the highest amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Chicken manure...

grew in the field last year (and in many cases two or more years ago) fix nitrogen for use in the following years? Has long-term no-till increased organic...

million) solar masses. Subsequent study of CEERS 1019 involved measurement of nitrogen abundance relative to oxygen (a standard reference point for metallicity)...

second period contains the elements lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and neon. In a quantum mechanical description of atomic...

nitrogen-fixers, phosphate-solubilisers and other root-associated beneficial bacteria which enhance the availability of the macronutrients nitrogen and...

saturated hydronitrogens, which means that they consist only of hydrogen and nitrogen atoms and all bonds are single bonds. They are therefore pnictogen hydrides...

indicates quality. Lastly, when measuring the nitrogen level of fish sauces (°N, or grams of nitrogen per liter), most fish sauce on the market falls...

functional group or organic compound containing a carbon–nitrogen double bond (C=N). The nitrogen atom can be attached to a hydrogen or an organic group...

Iron nitrides are inorganic chemical compounds of iron and nitrogen. Iron has five nitrides observed at ambient conditions: Fe2N, Fe3N4, Fe4N, Fe7N3 and...

class of naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed...

the victim's clothing). Nitrogen gas or oxygen-depleted air has been considered for human execution, as it can induce nitrogen asphyxiation. The victim...

f/2 medium, a standard algal culture growth medium, supplemented with nitrogen, Nannochloropsis cells have an oil content of about 30% of their dry weight...

transcription of genes involved in nitrogen catabolism. It specifically regulates the utilization of poor nitrogen sources in the presence of preferred...

both alive. Nitrogen transport is an equally important and influential process that often occurs through mycorrhizal associations. Nitrogen is significantly...

derivatives of pyridinium in which the nitrogen atom is positively charged, and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by another group. Pyridiniums...

The nitrogen-fixing clade consists of four orders of flowering plants: Cucurbitales, Fabales, Fagales and Rosales. This subgroup of the rosids encompasses...

alternative to using liquid nitrogen in generating low lying fog effects. Liquid air is composed of N2 and O2 mixed in a ratio of 79% nitrogen and 21% oxygen stored...

cola soft drink produced by PepsiCo. It was a nitrogen-infused version of Pepsi. The addition of nitrogen gas, instead of the usual carbon dioxide, created...

bacteria excrete nitrogen waste in the form of ammonia (which converts to ammonium, in water) and must then either pass through the nitrogen cycle or be removed...

Biological Station, conducted research on nitrogen cycling at Iron Springs Bog. In 2000, Biesboer demonstrated that nitrogen fixation rates in Iron Springs Bog...

temperatures (typically −80 °C (−112 °F) or −196 °C (−321 °F) using liquid nitrogen) any cell metabolism which might cause damage to the biological material...

orange, or red within seconds from the formation of nitrosyl chloride and nitrogen dioxide. It was so named by alchemists because it can dissolve noble metals...

the Haber process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas. This invention is important for the large-scale synthesis...

secondary, and tertiary according to the number of acyl groups bounded to the nitrogen atom. The core −C(=O)−(N) of amides is called the amide group (specifically...

composition. Protein content in foods is commonly measured based on nitrogen content, as nitrogen is a fundamental component of amino acids. Proteins are polymer...

Facility in Alabama, home to the state's death row. Frazier was executed by nitrogen hypoxia on February 6, 2025, after being imprisoned for over 32 years....

are the major source of nitrogen in food. BV assumes protein is the only source of nitrogen and measures the amount of nitrogen ingested in relation to...

The net protein utilization (NPU) is the percentage of ingested nitrogen that is retained in the body. It is used to determine the nutritional efficiency...

and nitrogen). Small numbers of defects or impurities—about one per million of lattice atoms—can color a diamond blue (boron), yellow (nitrogen), brown...

6-membered rings with one nitrogen atom: pyridines 6-membered rings with two nitrogen atoms: diazines 6-membered rings with three nitrogen atoms: triazines 6-membered...

development in the presence of nitrogen. L. arenarius is known to take up nitrogen into its root system. Increasing nitrogen concentrations can promote growth...

the absence of planktonic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The evolution and radiation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and non-nitrogen-fixing picocyanobacteria capable...

ammonium oxidation’, is a globally important microbial process of the nitrogen cycle that takes place in many natural environments. The bacteria mediating...

syringe, to make it work. Some canned beers are pressurized by adding liquid nitrogen, which vaporises and expands in volume after the can is sealed, forcing...

bone that is thought to be caused by nitrogen (N2) embolism (blockage of the blood vessels by a bubble of nitrogen coming out of solution) in divers. Although...

oxygen from a gas supply (typically ambient air) by selectively removing nitrogen to supply an oxygen-enriched product gas stream. They are used industrially...

Equivalent narcotic depth (END) (historically also equivalent nitrogen depth) is used in technical diving as a way of estimating the narcotic effect of...

form of nitrogen. The nitrogen cycle is a vital part of life, and is essential to carry out biosynthesis of nitrogen containing compounds. Nitrogen is inaccessible...

neonicotinoid-coated seeds, they die within a few minutes. If high levels of nitrogen appear in the fluid, it is a sign of fertilizer burn[citation needed]....

fertilization by the micronutrient iron (called iron fertilization) or with nitrogen and phosphorus (both macronutrients), have been proposed. A NOAA special...

formation of a carbon–nitrogen bond through the reaction of a nucleophilic carbanion with an electrophilic source of nitrogen. Electrophilic amination...

agricultural chemist who discovered that leguminous plants assimilate the free nitrogen of the atmosphere. He was born at Mausitz (now part of Zwenkau), in the...

persists for months to years before degradation, as it is made up of complex, nitrogen-rich substances. The turnover time is defined by how easily the carbon...

and enters the cycle. The carbon and one nitrogen atom are incorporated into urea, while the second nitrogen atom is derived from aspartate. Urea is produced...

which is a step in the process of nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation is required for all forms of life, with nitrogen being essential for the biosynthesis...

colliding with atoms in the atmosphere. These collisions excite oxygen and nitrogen, which then emit light of different colors such as green, red, and purple...

In chemistry, a nitride is a chemical compound of nitrogen. Nitrides can be inorganic or organic, ionic or covalent. The nitride anion, N3−, is very elusive...

of nitrogen and fluorine with formula FN3. Its properties resemble those of ClN3, BrN3, and IN3. The bond between the fluorine atom and the nitrogen is...

use of the Zeeman effect in unpaired electrons. The negatively charged nitrogen vacancy centre (NV−) has been the target of considerable interest with...

Sulfur nitride may refer to a number of sulfur nitrogen compounds: Pentasulfur hexanitride, S5N6 Tetrasulfur tetranitride, S4N4 Tetrasulfur dinitride,...

and tree bark—even in areas with high levels of air pollution and excess nitrogen. Its structure consists of small, overlapping lobes that typically measure...

carbon nutrient recycling through cell lysis. There is evidence as well of nitrogen (specifically ammonium) regeneration. This nutrient recycling helps stimulate...

The draught beer's thick and creamy head comes from mixing the beer with nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Guinness moved its headquarters to London at the beginning...

interrelationship of nitrogen-fixing crops with nitrogen-demanding crops. Legumes, like alfalfa and clover, collect available nitrogen from the atmosphere...

dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4) or ethane (C 2H 6), often in combination with nitrogen (N 2) or water (H 2O). Tholins are disordered polymer-like materials made...

five-membered heterocyclic compounds containing a nitrogen atom and at least one other non-carbon atom (i.e. nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen) as part of the ring....

herbicides). Nitrogen is a common element in nature and an essential plant nutrient. Approximately 78% of Earth's atmosphere is nitrogen (N2). The strong...

via the intermediary nitrite. Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil. The process of complete nitrification may occur through...

autothysis. G. sulphureus is able to fix nitrogen. An experiment in Thailand found that they fix around 250 grams of nitrogen per hectare per year. Although this...

ASA is a Norwegian chemical company. It produces, distributes, and sells nitrogen-based mineral fertilizers and related industrial products. Its product...

woody matter would lead to nitrogen immobilization and hence nitrogen deficiency in the crop, a higher level of nitrogen was found in the raised bed...

habitat to many microorganisms, which provide the sponge host with fixed nitrogen and carbon, and stimulates the immune system. Besides one to one symbiotic...

78 percent nitrogen, will also create small amounts of several nitrogen oxides, commonly referred to as NOx, since the combustion of nitrogen is thermodynamically...

nitrous oxide is 63.3% nitrogen and 36.7% oxygen, nitric oxide is 44.05% nitrogen and 55.95% oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide is 29.5% nitrogen and 70.5% oxygen...

organic fertilizer to supply phosphorus, calcium, and a small amount of nitrogen to plants. Bone meal, along with a variety of other meals, especially meat...

Earth's crust. Major biogeochemical cycles include the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle and the water cycle. In each cycle, the chemical element or molecule...

in their body fluids; this involves excretion (getting rid of metabolic nitrogen wastes and other substances such as hormones that would be toxic if allowed...

compound that consists of a six-membered aromatic ring containing five nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula CHN5. The name pentazine is used in the...

water pollutants such as suspended solids, organic matter and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). All types of pathogens (i.e., bacteria, viruses, protozoans...

the largest part of the flue gas from most fossil-fuel combustion being nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. Flue gas is the gas exiting to the atmosphere...

Richelia is a genus of nitrogen-fixing, filamentous, heterocystous and cyanobacteria. They exist as both free-living organisms as well as symbionts within...

Ceanothus is a genus of about 50–60 species of nitrogen-fixing shrubs and small trees in the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae). Common names for members of...

common method of freezing lesions is by using liquid nitrogen as the cryogen. The liquid nitrogen may be applied to lesions using a variety of methods...

vegetative state. Nitschke said that nitrogen must be delivered correctly to work as intended. He said the Alabama nitrogen hypoxia method was "quick and nasty"...

Silicon nitride is a chemical compound of the elements silicon and nitrogen. Si 3N 4 (Trisilicon tetranitride) is the most thermodynamically stable and...

agronomist and microbiologist noted for pioneering work on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and the use of beneficial soil bacteria as microbial inoculants...

decompression sickness, reducing the duration of decompression, reducing nitrogen narcosis or reducing work of breathing and allowing safer deep diving....

The Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test ("ISNT") is a method for measuring the amount of Nitrogen in soil that is available for use by plants as a nutrient. The...

fungi and archaea, is capable of performing denitrification as part of the nitrogen cycle. Denitrification is performed by a variety of denitrifying bacteria...

tubes. Hofmann's original colour scheme (carbon = black, hydrogen = white, nitrogen = blue, oxygen = red, chlorine = green, and sulphur = yellow) has evolved...

also play important roles in the cycling of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus due to the lack of oxygen (anaerobic conditions) in waterlogged...

sugar per 100 mL. Strong Zero is made by freezing fruit in liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen has a boiling point of −195.8 °C (−320 °F; 77 K), hence the "−196 °C"...

the fertility of soil by adding organic matter and nutrients, such as nitrogen, that are utilised by bacteria, fungi, and other organisms in the soil...

most basic level, composting requires gathering a mix of green waste (nitrogen-rich materials such as leaves, grass, and food scraps) and brown waste...

breaking the chemical bond in atmospheric molecular nitrogen in the process of biological nitrogen fixation. At least 50 molybdenum enzymes are now known...

Anammox is a wastewater treatment technique that removes nitrogen using anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). This process is performed by anammox bacteria...

heterocycle of seven atoms, with a nitrogen replacing a carbon at one position. The atoms are numbered starting with the nitrogen. The 1H-azepine isomer shown...

because of contamination with nitrogen. Inclusions were common, especially "plate-like" ones from the nickel. Removing all nitrogen from the process by adding...

proposed environmental regulations (such as a carbon tax, pesticide bans, nitrogen emissions curbs and restrictions on water and land usage), and trade in...

dragon's Breath is a frozen dessert made from cereal dipped in liquid nitrogen. When placed in the eater's mouth, it produces vapors which comes out of...

capable of fixing nitrogen. As a result of this relationship, the soils in stands of H. rhamnoides are enriched in nitrogen. The nitrogen-fixing activity...

and nitrogen dioxide dissolve, and over a period of approximately 30 minutes the sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfuric acid. The presence of nitrogen dioxide...

15N may refer to: Nitrogen-15 (15N), an isotope of nitrogen Δ15N, use of the isotope in paleoclimatology and hydrology Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance...

reduces the nitrogen loads in body tissues by reducing the partial pressure of nitrogen in the lungs, which induces diffusion of nitrogen from the blood...

Valladares A, Flores E, Herrero A. "Nitrogen-regulated genes for the metabolism of cyanophycin, a bacterial nitrogen reserve polymer: expression and mutational...

nitrochalk, is a widely used inorganic fertilizer, accounting for 4% of all nitrogen fertilizer used worldwide in 2007. The term "calcium ammonium nitrate"...

and that he could only be put to death by nitrogen hypoxia. He was executed on September 26, 2024, via nitrogen hypoxia. Kenneth Eugene Smith (2022) – Lethal...

the total nitrogen intake is called net protein utilization. The amount of nitrogen retained divided by the (nitrogen intake minus nitrogen loss above...

nitrogen to die by suicide through inert gas asphyxiation. "Sarco" is short for "sarcophagus". It is used in conjunction with an inert gas (nitrogen)...

combustion occurs in an atmosphere containing nitrogen and oxygen, which can produce oxides of nitrogen (NOx). In this respect, the combustion process...

lives in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants in the genus Alnus. It is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium and forms nodules on the roots of alder trees. Frankia...

qualitative determination of the presence of foreign elements, namely halogens, nitrogen, and sulfur, in an organic compound. It was developed by J. L. Lassaigne...

reduced and ultimately produces molecular nitrogen (N2) through a series of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products. Facultative anaerobic bacteria...

Radium nitride is an inorganic compound of radium and nitrogen with the chemical formula Ra3N2. The compound can be obtained by absorption of N2 by metallic...

Curium nitride is a binary inorganic compound of curium and nitrogen with the chemical formula CmN. Curium nitride can be prepared by carbothermic nitridation...

be unavailable or difficult for the crop to incorporate into biomass. Nitrogen is an essential element needed for the creation of biomass and is usually...

Trifluoramine oxide or nitrogen trifluoride oxide is an inorganic molecule with the chemical formula F3NO. It has strong fluorinating powers. Trifluoramine...

galaxy located around 113 megaparsecs from Earth, notable for being a nitrogen-loud galaxy and the closest of its type located in the local universe....

urinate through the cloaca. Urine plays an important role in the earth's nitrogen cycle. In balanced ecosystems, urine fertilizes the soil and thus helps...

proton acceptors. They usually contain nitrogen atoms, which can easily be protonated. For example, amines or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds have...

that violently explodes at room temperature. This compound has a 95.7% nitrogen content which is the second highest known of a chemical compound, exceeding...

genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. Rhizobium species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes...

biogeochemical cycles for the elements calcium, carbon, hydrogen, mercury, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, selenium, and sulfur; molecular cycles for water and...

hydrazine nitrate Nickel hydrazine perchlorate Nitrogen trihalides: Nitrogen trichloride Nitrogen tribromide Nitrogen triiodide Nitroglycerin Nitronium perchlorate...

superconductor) above 77 K (−196.2 °C; −321.1 °F), the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. They are "high-temperature" only relative to previously known superconductors...

nitrogen and a regulator to supply the nitrogen into a plastic bag. One advantage of this method was the availability of larger amounts of nitrogen and...

is a bicyclic heterocyclic system with two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 4 in ring A, and two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 in ring B. Pteridines...

elements humans consume in the largest quantities are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulphur, summarized as CHNOPS. The chemical compounds...

bacteria excrete nitrogen in the form of ammonia (which converts to ammonium in acidic water) and must then pass through the nitrogen cycle. Ammonia is...

oxygen. Typically, the limiting nutrients to production are nitrogen and phosphorus with nitrogen being the most limiting. Lack of nutrients in the surface...

ratio or Redfield stoichiometry is the consistent atomic ratio of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus found in marine phytoplankton and throughout the deep oceans...

product of tyrosine nitration mediated by reactive nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite anion and nitrogen dioxide. The phenol group in nitrotyrosine is...

by checking the serum chloride level, electrolytes, glucose, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, as well as symptoms such as psychosis. Bromine is also...

plutonium and nitrogen with the chemical formula PuN. Plutonium nitride can be prepared by the reaction of plutonium hydrides with nitrogen or ammonia at...

infrared absorption spectrum. Type I diamonds, the most common class, contain nitrogen atoms as their main impurity, commonly at a concentration of 0.1%. Type I...

platinum metal on fused silica wool, copper, or nickel to form nitric oxide (nitrogen(II) oxide) and water (as steam). This reaction is strongly exothermic,...

and dry), including water vapor, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen. It also occurs during gas-to-liquids (GTL) and lease separator plant operations...

of cold brew coffee that adds nitrogen gas to create a smooth texture, delivering the nitrogenated coffee from a nitrogen beer tap system. It was introduced...

such as compost heaps, where it plays an essential role in carbon and nitrogen recycling. Colonies of the fungus produce from conidiophores; thousands...

of high-purity gas and liquid generators—such as hydrogen, nitrogen, and liquid nitrogen systems—for laboratory and industrial applications. F-DGSi was...

15N-HSQC, with a 15N labelled protein, one signal is expected for each nitrogen atom in the back bone, with the exception of proline, which has no amide-hydrogen...

Europium(III) nitride is a binary inorganic compound of europium and nitrogen with the chemical formula EuN. Europium(III) nitride can be produced via...

materials high in carbon to nitrogen ratio such as saw dust and straw will stimulate soil microbial activity, increase demand for nitrogen, leading to immobilization...

decay mode for isotopes lighter than the stable isotopes is β+ decay to nitrogen, and the most common mode after is β− decay to fluorine. ( ) – Uncertainty...

microbial activity in the soil, which has a positive effect on nitrogen availability, nitrogen uptake in target crops, and crop yields. Cover crops reduce...

Liquid Nitrogen is a collection of poems by Australian poet Jennifer Maiden, published by Giramondo Publishing in 2012. The collection contains 21 poems...

cyanamide, it contains 66% nitrogen by mass, and its derivatives have fire-retardant properties due to its release of nitrogen gas when burned or charred...

natural way to increase nitrogen content in soil. The roots of the plants colonize to extract nitrogen from the air and turn into nitrogen for bacterial growth...

convention, the NPK or N-P-K label, shows the amounts of the chemical elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Fertilizers are usually labeled with three...

the chloride (sal-ammoniac). Adolph Frank and Nikodem Caro found that Nitrogen could be fixed by using the same calcium carbide produced to make acetylene...

to be coated by nitrogen transported through the atmosphere from Sputnik Planitia, and then deposited as ice. Some of this nitrogen ice then returns...

atom. The reaction involves oxidation of the nitrogen followed by rearrangement of the carbonyl and nitrogen to give an isocyanate intermediate. The reaction...

Scottish physician, chemist and botanist who is known for the isolation of nitrogen in 1772. Rutherford was born on 3 November 1749, the son of Anne Mackay...

calculated to have some properties similar to its lighter homologues, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth, and to be a post-transition...

inability to form cysts, but like Azotobacter, they can biologically fix nitrogen under aerobic conditions (diazotrophs). Bacteria of the genus Azomonas...

Thioalkalimicrobium and Natronhydrogenobacter. Nitrogen is a limiting nutrient for growth in many soda lakes, making the internal nitrogen cycle very important for their...

efficacy and utilization of fish feeds, where toxic materials such as nitrogen components are treated and converted to a useful product, like a protein...

oxidizing ammonia to nitrate, is a significant step in the nitrogen cycle. Since nitrogen is limited in marine environments, the recent discovery of ammonia-oxidizing...

This reaction reverses above 100 °C. Cl2 + 2 NO → 2 NOCl By reduction of nitrogen dioxide with hydrogen chloride: 2NO2 + 4 HCl → 2NOCl + 2H2O + Cl2 NOCl...

humans breathe contains ~78% nitrogen and ~21% oxygen. Refrigeration systems used in the factory relied on liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant. According...

contact explosives. Explosives that are nitrogen-based are incredibly volatile due to the stability of nitrogen in its diatomic state, N2. Most organic...

pesticides, as interplanted crops suppress weeds, and legumes can fix nitrogen. The increased diversity tends to reduce losses from pests and diseases...

three nitrogen atoms, two of which are functionalized and a corresponding counterion (anion). Depending on the arrangement of the three nitrogen atoms...

high nitrogen levels. These nitrogen levels are caused by urbanization, there are multiple factories that pollute the atmosphere with nitrogen, and agriculture...

The main two parameters for this are carbon and nitrogen. The carbon provides energy and nitrogen is required for plants to build proteins and hence...

adjacent nitrogen atoms, which are in ortho-substitution. Pyrazoles are also a class of compounds that have the ring C3N2 with adjacent nitrogen atoms....

known as rhizobia in response to flavonoid exudation from plants under nitrogen limited conditions. Nod factors initiate the establishment of a symbiotic...

multinutrient blocks may be used as a source of nitrogen and energy for animals. Urea is a nitrogen-based compound produced in the kidneys. It is formed...

phase is usually an inert gas or an unreactive gas such as helium, argon, nitrogen or hydrogen. The stationary phase can be solid or liquid, although most...

Sulfonyl diisocyanate is an organic chemical compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulphur with the molecular formula C2N2O4S. Sulfonyl diisocyanate...

quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other biologically useful nutrients are the primary determinants of a water body's TSI. Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus...

pressure of nitrogen, with a risk of nitrogen narcosis. Having an incorrect gas in a cylinder resulting in hypoxia, hyperoxia, nitrogen narcosis or inadequate...

can be used as a sustainable method to enrich soil with nitrogen. With an increase of nitrogen levels, there can then be an increase of vegetative growth...

is high in elements such as carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. Guano typically contains about 10% nitrogen, which helps plants keep a healthy and...

study aerosols, clouds, water vapor, pressure and temperature, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen trioxide, and chlorine dioxide. Aerosols play an essential role...

equilibrium state, and start diffusing out again. Dissolved inert gases such as nitrogen or helium can form bubbles in the blood and tissues of the diver if the...

inorganic amides and imides as the hydrogen does not share a bond with nitrogen, and usually contain a larger proportion of metals.[citation needed] The...

pharmaceutical industries. The nitrite anion is a pervasive intermediate in the nitrogen cycle in nature. The name nitrite also refers to organic compounds having...

decidedly bent. Complexes of the type M=NH are assumed to be intermediates in nitrogen fixation by synthetic catalysts. Imido ligands are observed as doubly and...

layer of gases that surround the dwarf planet Pluto. It consists mainly of nitrogen (N2), with minor amounts of methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO), all...

geometry between the nitrogen atoms in the azide functional group is approximately linear while the geometry between the nitrogen and the carbon of the...

its ability to perform nitrogen fixation, allowing the diatom to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Other diatoms in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria...

process, also called cyanamide process, is the nitrogen fixation reaction of calcium carbide with nitrogen gas in a reactor vessel at about 1,000 °C. The...

molecule that features a three-membered heterocycle containing oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon. In their largest industrial application, oxaziridines are...

both stable; 14C is unstable, with half-life 5700±30 years, decaying into nitrogen-14 (14 N) through beta decay. Pure carbon-14 would have a molar activity...

cycle to perform carbon fixation. They are also mixotrophs and reduce nitrogen. Green sulfur bacteria are gram-negative rod or spherical shaped bacteria...

(Serbian: ХИП-Азотара), or simply Azotara, is a Serbian mineral fertilizer and nitrogen compounds company, with the headquarters in Pančevo, Serbia. It was founded...

located in North America. The bacterium has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen as well as absorb and store phosphorus. These abilities are advantageous...

Nitronic is the trade name for a collection of nitrogen-strengthened stainless steel alloys. They are austenitic stainless steels. Nitronic alloys were...

pyrimidine ring, it forms a purine, which is the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycle in nature. The name "imidazole" was coined in 1887...

1965 – September 26, 2024) took place in the U.S. state of Alabama by nitrogen hypoxia. It was the second execution in both the world and state to use...

living beings or the environment. Pollutants can be gases, like ozone or nitrogen oxides, or small particles like soot and dust. Both outdoor and indoor...

heterocyclic aromatic compounds in which the lone pair of electrons of a ring-nitrogen atom is not part of the aromatic system, but instead extends in the plane...

storage, then it will mineralize. Whether nitrogen mineralizes or immobilizes depends on the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N ratio) of the decomposing organic...

incinerators), and numerous different gases (most commonly sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide, all related to fuel combustion). These different...

interest as a stable intermediate in chemical nitrogen fixation (i. e. the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen N2 into organic substrates under normal conditions)...

such as nitrogen are immobilized by microbes for their own growth. As these microbes are ingested or die, nitrogen is added to the soil. Nitrogen is also...

containing an adsorbent bed of zeolite that attracts nitrogen more strongly than oxygen, a fraction of nitrogen will stay in the bed, and the gas exiting the...

Beijerinckia is a free living nitrogen-fixing aerobic microbe. It has abundant of nitrogenase enzyme capable of nitrogen reduction.Beijerinckia are characterized...

supplies the plant with water and mineral nutrients, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, or zinc, taken from the soil. Mycorrhizas are located in the roots of...

NrsZ (nitrogen regulated small RNA) is a bacterial small RNA found in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Its transcription is induced...

equivalent to the ammonium ion where the hydrogen atoms surrounding the central nitrogen atom have been replaced by fluorine. Tetrafluoroammonium ion is isoelectronic...

to nitrogen-based fertilizers. Slow- and controlled-release involve only 0.15% (562,000 tons) of the fertilizer market (1995). Controlled-nitrogen-release...

Biologically usable forms of nitrogen, such as nitrates and ammonia, arise via biological and non-biological processes through nitrogen fixation. One example...

or sea shells, can serve as substrates for isotopic analysis. Carbon, nitrogen and zinc isotope ratios are used to investigate the diets of past people;...

The bacteria fix nitrogen gas from the air and, without requiring nitrogen fertilizer or soil nitrates, they convert it into nitrogen compounds necessary...

Generally, brewers favor lower-nitrogen grains, while distillers favor high-nitrogen grains. In most beermaking, an average nitrogen content in the grains of...

different elements, as well as at least one amine (nitrogen-containing) group. Typically it is a nitrogen atom of an amine group that also makes the ring...

subnitride or but-2-ynedinitrile (IUPAC), is a compound of carbon and nitrogen with chemical formula C4N2. At room temperature, dicyanoacetylene is a...

bacteria in the natural environment using ammonia or urea as a source of nitrogen and source of free energy. Nitrate compounds for gunpowder were historically...

Bottomley, F., Harris, R. O., Reinsalu, V. P., Senoff, C. V. "Pentaammine(Nitrogen)Ruthenium(II) Salts and Other Ammines of Ruthenium" Inorganic Syntheses...

Chemistry Sir Gets Snacks Publicly Can Someone Get Some Peanutbutter ? Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth, Moscovium. No Person can Assassinate...

cattle industry. Many legumes have Rhizobium nitrogen-fixing bacteria in nodules of their roots, which fix nitrogen from the air for the plant to use; in return...

low-impact crop. The entire plant is known for soil improvement because of nitrogen fixation. The pods can be eaten fresh or boiled after drying, and can be...

the exception of nitrogen, fixed from the atmosphere, originate from the minerals that make up the soil parent material. Some nitrogen also originates...

1,3,4-Oxadiazole is a nitrogen and oxygen containing heterocycle, and one of the four isomers of oxadiazole. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole itself is not commonly used...

(also known as hexaazabenzene) is a hypothetical allotrope of nitrogen composed of 6 nitrogen atoms arranged in a ring-like structure analogous to that of...

nitrogens, giving the molecule the D3h symmetry point group. The electronegativity of boron (2.04 on the Pauling scale) compared to that of nitrogen (3...

Aphanizomenon bacteria also play a significant role in the Nitrogen cycle due to their ability to perform nitrogen fixation. Studies on the species Aphanizomenon...

bioavailability of nitrogen. The amount of bioavailable nitrogen (nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−), and ammonium (NH4+)) depends on the inputs from nitrogen fixation...

manufacturing and distribution of atmospheric gases, including oxygen, nitrogen, argon, rare gases, and process gases, including carbon dioxide, helium...

material upon which the gas attaches to) to quantify specific surface area. Nitrogen is the most commonly employed gaseous adsorbate for probing surface(s)...

affecting productivity of crops the human population depends on for food. Nitrogen concentration of cattle urine varies between approximately 3.0 and 10.5...

of these are deadly. Notable examples of asphyxiant gases are methane, nitrogen, argon, helium, butane and propane. Along with trace gases such as carbon...

undergone an additional depletion of volatile hydrogen, helium, neon, nitrogen, and carbon (which volatilizes as methane). The crust, mantle, and core...

Chlorodifluoroamine is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen, chlorine, and fluorine with the molecular formula NClF2. Chlorodifluoroamine can be...

peas host beneficial bacteria, rhizobia, in their root nodules, which fix nitrogen in the soil—this is called a mutualistic relationship—and are therefore...

Radium azide is an inorganic compound of radium and nitrogen with the chemical formula Ra(N3)2. Radium azide can be prepared by dissolving radium carbonate...

Jawaharlal Nehru University in 1991 for his work titled "Molecular Genetics of Nitrogen Fixation in Azotobacter vinelandi". He completed post-doctoral research...

tanks contain the fuel. The small tank contains the pressurizing gas (nitrogen). M2A1 flamethrower. M2A1 flamethrower used by the Republic of China during...

automobile exhaust (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide) into nontoxic substances (nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor). Palladium is also...

each other. These include forage lichens (eaten by animals), nitrogen fixers (can take nitrogen molecules from the air and attach them to other molecules)...

of a central nitrogen atom that is bonded to an ethyl group and two isopropyl groups. A lone pair of electrons resides on the nitrogen atom, which can...

activities of other organisms for nutrients other than carbon, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, and can die from lack of food that supplies these...

5-azido-1H-tetrazole. The molecular structure contains a five-membered ring with four nitrogen atoms, and an azido side chain connected to the carbon atom. Several salts...

host plant. Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth through...

Azorhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria. They fix nitrogen in symbiosis with plants in the genus Sesbania. Strain ORS571 of A. caulinodans...

plants, creation of road pricing (not toll) starting in 2030, accelerated nitrogen reduction (−50% in 2030), more regulation of the rental sector, equalizing...

Thiazyl trifluoride is a chemical compound of nitrogen, sulfur, and fluorine, having the formula NSF3. It exists as a stable, colourless gas, and is an...

roots are important to the ecosystem because they enrich the soil with nitrogen and other nutrients. Alder is particularly noted for its important symbiotic...

while dissolved in the liquid). Although CO2 is most common for beverages, nitrogen gas is sometimes deliberately added to certain beers. The smaller bubble...

including cattle, dogs and squirrels and coolants such as dry ice and liquid nitrogen led him to promote the technique as Cryo-Branding. In 1968 Farrell received...

two protons having been transferred from carboxylic acid groups to the nitrogen atoms. Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxal phosphate, exists as the zwitterion...

nitrogen by atomic collisions. Protons were therefore a candidate to be a fundamental or elementary particle, and hence a building block of nitrogen and...

valuable plant in a crop rotation cycle, as it lives in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Agriculturists in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan follow...

Nitryl is the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) moiety when it occurs in a larger compound as a univalent fragment. Examples include nitryl fluoride (NO2F) and nitryl...

management and lawn care due to its ability to fix nitrogen and out-compete weeds. Natural nitrogen fixing reduces leaching from the soil and by maintaining...

poisoning. It is isoelectronic with both cyanide anion CN− and molecular nitrogen N2. Carbon monoxide is the simplest oxocarbon and is isoelectronic with...

director and voice artist. Along with his wife Nicole Stinn, he founded Nitrogen Studios Canada, Inc. in 2003, through which he introduced CGI to the Thomas...

commercial uses. The most common use is as a soil fertilizer. It contains 21% nitrogen and 24% sulfur. The primary use of ammonium sulfate is as a fertilizer...

impact of nitrogen intake through protein consumption and nitrogen loss through waste release on 15N enrichment in the body. Variations in nitrogen values...

biologically active nitrogen compounds. The marine nitrogen cycle consists of complex microbial transformations which include the fixation of nitrogen, its assimilation...

In enzymology, a nitrous oxide reductase also known as nitrogen:acceptor oxidoreductase (N2O-forming) is an enzyme that catalyzes the final step in bacterial...

Berkelium(III) nitride is a binary inorganic compound of berkelium and nitrogen with the chemical formula BkN. Singh, Devraj; Kaushik, Shivani; Tripathi...

ground-level ozone, particulates, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory or cardiovascular...

Caesium azide or cesium azide is an inorganic compound of caesium and nitrogen. It is a salt of azide with the formula CsN3. CsN3 adopts the same structure...

Carborazine is a six-membered aromatic ring with two carbon atoms, two nitrogen atoms and two boron atoms in opposing pairs. 1,2-Dihydro-1,2-azaborine...

oxides of nitrogen (NOx) pollutants, because rocket exhaust temperatures above 1,600 °C (2,900 °F) will thermally combine some of the nitrogen (N2) and...

the value of Hn differs, according to the molar mass M: It is 10.9 for nitrogen, 9.2 for oxygen and 6.3 for carbon dioxide. The theoretical value for water...

right catalysts, nitrogen becomes more reactive; the Haber process uses such conditions to produce ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen. Inert atmospheres...

the nitrogen atom forms a fourth bond and is therefore positively charged. In nitrile oxides, an oxygen atom is additionally bonded to the nitrogen atom...

heterocyclic if they contain non-carbon ring atoms, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. They can be monocyclic as in benzene, bicyclic as in naphthalene...

Sputnik Planitia is partially submerged in large, bright glaciers of nitrogen ice. Named after Earth's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, it constitutes...

showing prominent broad emission lines of ionised helium and highly ionised nitrogen or carbon. The spectra indicate very high surface enhancement of heavy...

seropedicae is a betaproteobacteria which is an endophytic diazotroph and forms nitrogen-fixing associations with maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), sorghum...

begin using a nitrogen hypoxia execution protocol as Oklahoma's primary method of execution. After struggling for years to design a nitrogen execution protocol...

Organic Chemistry at Loughborough University. His research centres on heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen. Harry Kroto Prof Heaney's Staff Page v t e...

of the largest producers of nitrogen fertilizers in Egypt and the Middle East, responsible for about 50% of Egypt's nitrogen fertilizer production. It owns...

Erbium nitride is a binary inorganic compound of erbium and nitrogen with the chemical formula ErN. The compound forms black powder. Chemically, ErN is...

photoionization. In dense clouds NH is destroyed by reactions with atomic oxygen and nitrogen. O+ and N+ form OH and NH in diffuse clouds. NH is involved in creating...

lower surface. Lichens with cephalodia can fix nitrogen, and may be an important contributor of nitrogen to the ecosystem. Lichens are complex organisms...

explosives, as most explosives used preceding 2015 were nitrogen-based. TATP, being nitrogen-free, has been used as the explosive of choice in several...

of ammonia in the country and one of the largest in Europe; producing nitrogen fertilizers, methanol, acetic acid, vinyl acetate, and their derivatives;...

VSEPR model explains this geometry via a lone-pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom. Nitrosyl fluoride is typically produced by direct reaction of nitric...

which lives outside the cells of its host and which fixes atmospheric nitrogen. The typical limiting factor on its growth is phosphorus; thus, an abundance...

cooling) or negative (heating); the regions where each occurs for molecular nitrogen, N2, are shown in the figure. Note that most conditions in the figure correspond...

1011–1020. doi:10.1021/cr50017a004. Rees, Charles W. (May 1992). "Polysulfur-nitrogen heterocyclic chemistry". Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry. 29 (3): 639–651...

because its nitrogen atom has +1 charge, similar to ammonium ion [NH4]+. It is created by the removal of an electron from the paramagnetic nitrogen dioxide...

vapour. A gas cylinder contains nitrogen gas, and two cylinders containing highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide. The nitrogen presses the hydrogen peroxide...

nitrogen tetroxide – Pentaborane(9), a so-called zip fuel, was studied by Soviet rocket scientist V. P. Glushko for use in combination with nitrogen tetroxide...

chemical compound of neodymium and nitrogen with the formula NdN in which neodymium exhibits the +3 oxidation state and nitrogen exhibits the −3 oxidation state...

cornstalk served as a trellis for the beans to climb, the beans fixed nitrogen, benefitting the maize, and the wide leaves of the squash plant provide...

limestone rubble, and continued downward to depths where the effects of nitrogen narcosis become extreme if the breathing gas is not diluted by helium....

at atmospheric pressure. The most important is Mn3N2, which catalyzes nitrogen fixation and is a high-temperature antiferromagnet. The others are Mn6N5–6...

estuaries and flood plains. Nitrogen dynamics is different as that from aerated soil conditions affecting soil microorganisms and nitrogen cycle. Traditional terrestrial...

nutrients is cyclic. Mineral cycles include the carbon cycle, sulfur cycle, nitrogen cycle, water cycle, phosphorus cycle, oxygen cycle, among others that continually...

causing harm. Ammonium chloride is approximately 26% nitrogen by weight and can be used to supply nitrogen to plants, especially those preferring slightly...

ecosystem, and prevents nutrients from being washed out of the system. The nitrogen cycle is most prevalent in canopy soil ecosystems with regards to the biogeochemical...

project initiated by Elmo tannery in Sweden in 1992. It aimed to reduce nitrogen in effluent during the tanning of leather. The tannery received a grant...

using nitrogen, or by the process of drawing keg beer from a keg using nitrogen or mixed gas (carbon dioxide and nitrogen). The use of nitrogen, which...

six. In most compounds, the valence of hydrogen is 1, of oxygen is 2, of nitrogen is 3, and of carbon is 4. Valence is not to be confused with the related...

catalyzes the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen molecules N2 into ammonia (NH3) through the process known as nitrogen fixation. Because it contains iron and...

needed] The nitrogen washout technique uses a non-rebreathing open circuit. The technique is based on the assumptions that the nitrogen concentration...

basic nitrogen to make a positively charged intermediate and then use another molecule, a buffer, to extract the proton from its acidic nitrogen. In carbonic...

In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline, diesel...

amount of nitrogen will help the roots of apple trees; nitrogen fixing bacteria on the roots will be able to provide the tree with more nitrogen that will...

Shell relaunched the fuel in March 2008, under the name Nitrogen-Enriched Shell V-Power, with nitrogen-containing detergents. Initially used for higher octane...

can be coupled to produce nitrogen gas through anammox, also removing nitrogen from the biologically available pool. Nitrogen availability is also dependent...

In chemistry, a nitrene or imene (R−:Ṅ·) is the nitrogen analogue of a carbene. The nitrogen atom is uncharged and monovalent, so it has only 6 electrons...

denitrification (HNAD) is a process where nitrogen and organic carbon are removed under aerobic conditions. HNAD can improve nitrogen removal in biological wastewater...

than nitrogen. A century later, in 1895, Lord Rayleigh discovered that samples of nitrogen from the air were of a different density than nitrogen resulting...

identification code 12th parallel north, a line of latitude Nitrogen-12 (12N), an isotope of nitrogen N12 (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles...

adjacent lake. Uric acid is the dominant nitrogen compound, and during its mineralization different nitrogen forms are produced. Ecosystems, even those...

hydrocarbon fuels consist primarily of carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen, and nitrogen. If hot enough, the gases may become ionized to produce plasma. The color...

compounds where a carbon atom is replaced by a nitrogen atom. The related term "deaza-" refers to when a nitrogen is removed and, usually, a carbon atom is...

blended with nitrogen gas. CO2 / nitrogen blends are used to allow a higher operating pressure in complex dispensing systems. Nitrogen is used under...

needed] which contains a long continuous chain of nitrogen atoms, with an unbroken chain of eight nitrogen atoms cyclised into two 1,2,3-triazole rings. It...

component of the terrestrial and oceanic nitrogen cycle. Unlike denitrification, it acts to conserve bioavailable nitrogen in the system, producing soluble ammonium...

Pyrrole has aromatic character because the lone pairs of electrons on the nitrogen atom is partially delocalized into the ring, creating a 4n + 2 aromatic...

Aziridines can be used to insert nitrogen atoms during synthesis, but without any substituents attached to the nitrogen in the ring, they are considered...

are manufactured for use in industry. The principal gases provided are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, hydrogen, helium and acetylene, although...

condenses all vapors except the permanent gases (hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen) into a liquid or solid.[needs update] The most common objective is to...

carbon by photosynthesis, fix nitrogen, in time multiplied, and as a result released oxygen into the atmosphere and nitrogen into the soil. This led to more...

Azospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, non-fermentative and nitrogen-fixing bacterial genus from the family of Rhodospirillaceae. Azospirillum...

above, atomic nitrogen N), pmol is the partial pressure of the gas at the interface with the metal (in the case above, the molecular nitrogen N2). Therefore...

P. A. Karplus in 1995. Urease is important because of its role in the nitrogen cycle as a key catalyst in the reaction converting urea to ammonium and...

the central nitrogen atom. Each aromatic group acts as an electron attractor, directing the electron cloud of the lone pair of nitrogen towards it. With...

to the field. Does irrigation water contain dissolved nutrients such as nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), or chloride (Cl)? If so, it should be counted as input...

they have an odd number of nitrogen atoms or an even mass if they have an even number of nitrogen atoms are present. The nitrogen rule is true for structures...

Centre, Norwich, specialising on the molecular understanding of biological nitrogen fixation in bacteria. He was educated at the University of Reading (BSc...