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List of prime ministers of Hungary

Politics of Hungary
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Gergely Karácsony
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This article lists the prime ministers of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország miniszterelnöke, lit. 'minister-president') from when the first Prime Minister (in the modern sense), Lajos Batthyány, took office in 1848 (during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848) until the present day. The prime minister is head of the Government of Hungary. On 30 November 2020, Viktor Orbán became the longest serving prime minister in the modern era.[1]

Kingdom of Hungary (1848–1849)

Parties   Opposition Party

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party Cabinet Assembly
(Election)
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Lajos Batthyány
(1807–1849) 		17 March 1848 2 October 1848 199 days Opposition Party Batthyány Last Diet
1 (1848)
— Ádám Récsey
(1775–1852)
appointed illegally 		3 October 1848 7 October 1848 4 days Imperial Army —
2 Lajos Kossuth
(1802–1894)
de facto 		2 October 1848 14 April 1849 194 days Opposition Party Committee of National Defence

Hungarian State (1849)

Parties   Opposition Party

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party Cabinet Assembly
(Election)
Took office Left office Time in office
(2) Lajos Kossuth
(1802–1894)
de facto 		14 April 1849 1 May 1849 17 days Opposition Party Committee of National Defence 1 (1848)
3 Bertalan Szemere
(1812–1869) 		2 May 1849 11 August 1849 101 days Opposition Party Szemere

After the collapse of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the restored Hungarian Kingdom became an integral part of the Austrian Empire until 1867, when dual Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was created and the Hungarian Kingdom was organized as Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen.

Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (1867–1918)

Parties   Deák Party/Liberal Party/National Party of Work   National Constitution Party   F48P–Károlyi   Independent

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party Cabinet Assembly
(Election)
Took office Left office Time in office
4 Gyula Andrássy
(1823–1890) 		17 February 1867 14 November 1871 4 years, 270 days Deák Party Andrássy
DP 		3 (1865)
4 (1869)
5 Menyhért Lónyay
(1822–1884) 		14 November 1871 4 December 1872 1 year, 20 days Lónyay
DP
5 (1872)
6 József Szlávy
(1818–1900) 		4 December 1872 21 March 1874 1 year, 107 days Szlávy
DP
7 István Bittó
(1822–1903) 		21 March 1874 2 March 1875 346 days Bittó
DP–BK
8 Béla Wenckheim
(1811–1879) 		2 March 1875 20 October 1875 240 days Liberal Party Wenckheim
SZP
9 Kálmán Tisza
(1830–1902) 		20 October 1875 13 March 1890 14 years, 144 days K. Tisza
SZP 		6 (1875)
7 (1878)
8 (1881)
9 (1884)
10 (1887)
10 Gyula Szapáry
(1832–1905) 		13 March 1890 17 November 1892 2 years, 249 days Szapáry
SZP
11 (1892)
11 Sándor Wekerle
(1848–1921)
1st term 		17 November 1892 14 January 1895 2 years, 58 days Wekerle I
SZP
12 Dezső Bánffy
(1843–1911) 		14 January 1895 26 February 1899 4 years, 43 days Bánffy
SZP
12 (1896)
13 Kálmán Széll
(1843–1915) 		26 February 1899 27 June 1903 4 years, 121 days Széll
SZP
13 (1901)
14 Károly Khuen-Héderváry
(1849–1918)
1st term 		27 June 1903 3 November 1903 129 days Khuen-Héderváry I
SZP
15 István Tisza
(1861–1918)
1st term 		3 November 1903 18 June 1905 1 year, 227 days I. Tisza I
SZP
16 Géza Fejérváry
(1833–1914) 		18 June 1905 8 April 1906 294 days Independent Fejérváry
SZP 		14 (1905)
(11) Sándor Wekerle
(1848–1921)
2nd term 		8 April 1906 17 January 1910 3 years, 284 days National Constitution Party Wekerle II
F48P–OAP–KNP–PDP 		15 (1906)
(14) Károly Khuen-Héderváry
(1849–1918)
2nd term 		17 January 1910 22 April 1912 2 years, 96 days National Party of Work Khuen-Héderváry II
NMP 		16 (1910)
17 László Lukács
(1850–1932) 		22 April 1912 10 June 1913 1 year, 49 days Lukács
NMP
(15) István Tisza
(1861–1918)
2nd term 		10 June 1913 15 June 1917 4 years, 5 days I. Tisza II
NMP
18 Móric Esterházy
(1881–1960) 		15 June 1917 20 August 1917 66 days Independent Esterházy
NMP–F48P–OAP–PDP–KNP
(11) Sándor Wekerle
(1848–1921)
3rd term 		20 August 1917 30 October 1918 1 year, 71 days National Constitution Party →
'48 Constitution Party 		Wekerle III
NMP–F48P–OAP–PDP–KNP
19 János Hadik
(1863–1933) 		30 October 1918 31 October 1918 1 day National Constitution Party Hadik
not formed
20 Mihály Károlyi
(1875–1955) 		31 October 1918 16 November 1918 16 days F48P–Károlyi M. Károlyi
F48P–K–PRP–MSZDP 		MNT (—)

First Hungarian Republic (1918–1919)

Parties   F48P–Károlyi   Civic Radical Party (PRP)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party Cabinet Assembly
(Election)
Took office Left office Time in office
(20) Mihály Károlyi
(1875–1955)
interim head of state 		16 November 1918 11 January 1919 56 days F48P–Károlyi M. Károlyi
F48P–K–PRP–MSZDP 		MNT (—)
— Dénes Berinkey
(1871–1944)
acting 		11 January 1919 19 January 1919 69 days PRP
21 Dénes Berinkey
(1871–1944) 		19 January 1919 21 March 1919 Berinkey
F48P–K–PRP–MSZDP–OKGFP

Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919)

Parties   MSZP/SZKMMP   MSZDP

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party Cabinet Assembly
(Election)
Took office Left office Time in office
22 Sándor Garbai
(1879–1947)
de facto 		21 March 1919 1 August 1919 133 days MSZP/SZKMMP Central Executive Council
MSZP/SZKMMP 		TOGY (—)
23 Gyula Peidl
(1873–1943)
interim head of state 		1 August 1919 6 August 1919
(deposed) 		5 days MSZDP Peidl
MSZDP 		—

Counter-revolutionary governments (1919)

Parties   Independent

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party Cabinet Assembly
(Election)
Took office Left office Time in office
— Gyula Károlyi
(1871–1947) 		5 May 1919 31 May 1919 68 days Independent Arad —
31 May 1919 6 June 1919 Szeged I
6 June 1919 12 July 1919 Szeged II
— Dezső Pattantyús-Ábrahám
(1875–1973) 		12 July 1919 12 August 1919 31 days Independent Szeged III —

Hungarian Republic (1919–1920)

Parties   KNEP   Independent

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party Cabinet Assembly
(Election)
Took office Left office Time in office
— István Friedrich
(1883–1951)
acting 		7 August 1919 15 August 1919 8 days Independent Friedrich
KNP/KNEP–OKGFP 		—
24 István Friedrich
(1883–1951)
interim head of state 		15 August 1919 24 November 1919 101 days KNP → KNEP
25 Károly Huszár
(1882–1941)
interim head of state 		24 November 1919 15 March 1920 112 days KNEP Huszár
KNEP–OKGFP–MSZDP–NDPP 		—

Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)

Parties   KNEP   EP–NEP–MÉP   Independent

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party Cabinet Assembly
(Election)
Took office Left office Time in office
26 Sándor Simonyi-Semadam
(1864–1946) 		15 March 1920 19 July 1920 126 days KNEP Simonyi-Semadam
KNEP–OKGFP 		17 (1920)
27 Pál Teleki
(1879–1941)
1st term 		19 July 1920 14 April 1921 269 days Teleki I
KNEP–OKGFP
28 István Bethlen
(1874–1946) 		14 April 1921 2 February 1922 10 years, 132 days Bethlen
(KNEP–OKGFP)→EP
(28) 2 February 1922 24 August 1931 EP
18 (1922)
19 (1926)
20 (1931)
29 Gyula Károlyi
(1871–1947) 		24 August 1931 1 October 1932 1 year, 38 days G. Károlyi
EP–KGSZP
30 Gyula Gömbös
(1886–1936) 		1 October 1932 6 October 1936
(died in office) 		4 years, 5 days NEP Gömbös
NEP
21 (1935)
— Kálmán Darányi
(1886–1939)
acting 		6 October 1936 12 October 1936 6 days
31 Kálmán Darányi
(1886–1939) 		12 October 1936 14 May 1938 1 year, 214 days Darányi
NEP
32 Béla Imrédy
(1891–1946) 		14 May 1938 16 February 1939 278 days Imrédy
NEP
(27) Pál Teleki
(1879–1941)
2nd term 		16 February 1939 3 April 1941
(died in office) 		2 years, 46 days MÉP Teleki II
MÉP
22 (1939)
— Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer
(1881–1948)
acting 		3 April 1941 0 days
33 László Bárdossy
(1890–1946) 		3 April 1941 7 March 1942 338 days Bárdossy
MÉP
— Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer
(1881–1948)
acting 		7 March 1942 9 March 1942 2 days
34 Miklós Kállay
(1887–1967) 		9 March 1942 22 March 1944
(deposed) 		2 years, 13 days Kállay
MÉP
35 Döme Sztójay
(1883–1946) 		22 March 1944 29 August 1944 160 days Independent Sztójay
MÉP–MMP
36 Géza Lakatos
(1890–1967) 		29 August 1944 16 October 1944
(deposed) 		48 days Lakatos
MÉP

Government of National Unity (1944–1945)

Parties   NYKP

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party Cabinet Assembly
(Election)
Took office Left office Time in office
37 Ferenc Szálasi
(1897–1946)
head of state 		16 October 1944 28 March 1945[1] 163 days NYKP Szálasi
NYKP–MMP 		—

Soviet-backed provisional governments (1944–1946)

Parties   FKGP   Independent   MKP

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party Cabinet Assembly
(Election)
Took office Left office Time in office
38 Béla Miklós
(1890–1948) 		22 December 1944[2] 15 November 1945 328 days Independent Provisional National Government
FKGP–MKP–MSZDP–NPP–PDP 		INGY (1944)
39 Zoltán Tildy
(1889–1961) 		15 November 1945 1 February 1946 78 days FKGP Tildy
FKGP–MKP–MSZDP–NPP 		23 (1945)
— Mátyás Rákosi
(1892–1971)
acting 		1 February 1946 4 February 1946 3 days MKP

1 Left Budapest on 9 December 1944

2 At Debrecen to 11 April 1945

Hungarian Republic (1946–1949)

Parties   FKGP   MKP–MDP

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party Cabinet Assembly
(Election)
Took office Left office Time in office
40 Ferenc Nagy
(1903–1979) 		4 February 1946 31 May 1947[a](deposed) 1 year, 116 days FKGP F. Nagy
FKGP–MKP–MSZDP–NPP 		23 (1945)
— Mátyás Rákosi
(1892–1971)
acting 		31 May 1947[b] 0 days MKP
41 Lajos Dinnyés
(1901–1961) 		31 May 1947 10 December 1948 1 year, 193 days FKGP Dinnyés
(MKP–MSZDP)→MDP[c]–FKGP–NPP
24 (1947)
42 István Dobi
(1898–1968) 		10 December 1948 20 August 1949 253 days FKGP Dobi
MDP–FKGP–NPP
(42) MDP

Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989)

Chairman of the Council of Ministers

Main article: Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic

Parties   MDP–MSZMP   MSZP

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party Cabinet Assembly
(Election)
Took office Left office Time in office
(42) István Dobi
(1898–1968) 		20 August 1949 14 August 1952 2 years, 360 days MDP Dobi
MDP 		25 (1949)
43 Mátyás Rákosi
(1892–1971) 		14 August 1952 4 July 1953 324 days Rákosi
MDP
44 Imre Nagy
(1896–1958)
1st term 		4 July 1953 18 April 1955 1 year, 288 days I. Nagy I
MDP 		26 (1953)
45 András Hegedüs
(1922–1999) 		18 April 1955 24 October 1956 1 year, 189 days Hegedüs
MDP
(44) Imre Nagy
(1896–1958)
2nd term 		24 October 1956 31 October 1956 11 days I. Nagy II
MDP→MSZMP–FKGP
31 October 1956 3 November 1956 MSZMP
3 November 1956 4 November 1956[d]
(deposed) 		I. Nagy III
MSZMP–FKGP–MSZDP–PP
46 János Kádár
(1912–1989)
1st term 		4 November 1956[e] 28 January 1958 1 year, 85 days Kádár I
MSZMP
47 Ferenc Münnich
(1886–1967) 		28 January 1958 13 September 1961 3 years, 228 days Münnich
MSZMP 		27 (1958)
(46) János Kádár
(1912–1989)
2nd term 		13 September 1961 30 June 1965 3 years, 290 days Kádár II
MSZMP
28 (1963)
48 Gyula Kállai
(1910–1996) 		30 June 1965 14 April 1967 1 year, 288 days Kállai
MSZMP
49 Jenő Fock
(1916–2001) 		14 April 1967 15 May 1975 8 years, 31 days Fock
MSZMP 		29 (1967)
30 (1971)
50 György Lázár
(1924–2014) 		15 May 1975 25 June 1987 12 years, 41 days Lázár
MSZMP 		31 (1975)
32 (1980)
33 (1985)
51 Károly Grósz
(1930–1996) 		25 June 1987 24 November 1988 1 year, 152 days Grósz
MSZMP
52 Miklós Németh
(born 1948) 		24 November 1988 7 October 1989 333 days Németh
MSZMP→MSZP
(52) 7 October 1989 23 October 1989 MSZP

Hungarian Republic / Hungary (from 1989)

Parties   MSZP   Fidesz   MDF   Independent

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party Cabinet Assembly
(Election)
Took office Left office Time in office
— Miklós Németh
(born 1948)
provisional 		23 October 1989 23 May 1990 212 days MSZP Németh
MSZP 		—
53 József Antall
(1932–1993) 		23 May 1990 12 December 1993
(died in office) 		3 years, 203 days MDF Antall
MDF–FKGP–KDNP[f] 		34 (1990)
— Péter Boross
(born 1928)
acting 		12 December 1993 21 December 1993 215 days
54 Péter Boross
(born 1928) 		21 December 1993 15 July 1994 Boross
MDF–EKGP–KDNP
55 Gyula Horn
(1932–2013) 		15 July 1994 6 July 1998 3 years, 356 days MSZP Horn
MSZP–SZDSZ 		35 (1994)
56 Viktor Orbán
(born 1963)
1st term 		6 July 1998 27 May 2002 3 years, 325 days Fidesz Orbán I
Fidesz–FKGP–MDF 		36 (1998)
57 Péter Medgyessy
(born 1942) 		27 May 2002 29 September 2004
(resigned) 		2 years, 125 days Independent Medgyessy
MSZP–SZDSZ 		37 (2002)
58 Ferenc Gyurcsány
(born 1961) 		29 September 2004 9 June 2006 4 years, 197 days MSZP Gyurcsány I
MSZP–SZDSZ
9 June 2006 14 April 2009
(resigned) 		Gyurcsány II
MSZP–SZDSZ[g] 		38 (2006)
59 Gordon Bajnai
(born 1968) 		14 April 2009 29 May 2010 1 year, 45 days Independent Bajnai
MSZP[h]
(56) Viktor Orbán
(born 1963)
2nd term 		29 May 2010 10 May 2014 14 years, 197 days Fidesz Orbán II
Fidesz–KDNP 		39 (2010)
10 May 2014 10 May 2018 Orbán III
Fidesz–KDNP 		40 (2014)
10 May 2018 16 May 2022 Orbán IV
Fidesz–KDNP 		41 (2018)
16 May 2022 Incumbent Orbán V
Fidesz–KDNP 		42 (2022)

Timeline

Combined

Gordon BajnaiFerenc GyurcsányPéter MedgyessyViktor OrbánGyula HornPéter BorossJózsef AntallMiklós NémethKároly GrószGyörgy LázárJenő FockGyula KállaiFerenc MünnichJános KádárAndrás HegedüsImre NagyIstván DobiLajos DinnyésFerenc NagyMátyás RákosiZoltán TildyBéla MiklósFerenc SzálasiGéza LakatosDöme SztójayMiklós KállayLászló BárdossyFerenc Keresztes-FischerBéla ImrédyKálmán DarányiGyula GömbösGyula KárolyiIstván BethlenPál TelekiSándor Simonyi-SemadamKároly HuszárKároly HuszárIstván FriedrichGyula PeidlDezső Pattantyús-ÁbrahámGyula KárolyiSándor GarbaiDénes BerinkeyMihály KárolyiMihály KárolyiJános HadikMoric EsterházyLászló LukácsGéza FejérváryIstván TiszaKároly Khuen-HéderváryKálmán SzéllDesző BánnfySándor WekerleGyula SzápáryKálmán TiszaBéla WenckheimIstván BittóJószef SzlávyMenyhért LónyayGyula Andrássy

Revolution of 1848

Bertalan SzemereLajos KossuthLajos Batthyány

Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen

Mihály KárolyiJános HadikMóric EsterházyLászló LukácsGéza FejérváryIstván TiszaKároly Khuen-HéderváryKálmán SzéllDesző BánnfySándor WekerleGyula SzápáryKálmán TiszaBéla WenckheimIstván BittóJószef SzlávyMenyhért LónyayGyula Andrássy

First Hungarian Republic/Hungarian Soviet Republic

Dezső Pattantyús-ÁbrahámGyula KárolyiKároly HuszárIstván FriedrichGyula PeidlSándor GarbaiDénes BerinkeyMihály Károlyi

Kingdom of Hungary

Zoltán TildyBéla MiklósFerenc SzálasiGéza LakatosDöme SztójayMiklós KállayLászló BárdossyFerenc Keresztes-FischerBéla ImrédyKálmán DarányiGyula GömbösGyula KárolyiIstván BethlenPál TelekiSándor Simonyi-SemadamKároly Huszár

Second Hungarian Republic

István DobiLajos DinnyésFerenc NagyMátyás Rákosi

Hungarian People's Republic

Miklós NémethKároly GrószGyörgy LázárJenő FockGyula KállaiFerenc MünnichJános KádárAndrás HegedüsImre NagyMátyás RákosiIstván Dobi

Third Hungarian Republic

Gordon BajnaiFerenc GyurcsányPéter MedgyessyViktor OrbánGyula HornPéter BorossJózsef AntallMiklós Németh

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Nagy did not recognize the appointment of Dinnyés as Prime Minister and resigned only on 2 June 1947
  2. ^ Took over direction of the Council of Ministers on 14 May 1947 upon Nagy's departure to Switzerland. Became sole Acting Prime Minister upon Nagy's deposition.
  3. ^ The Hungarian Communist Party and Social Democratic Party of Hungary merged to form the Hungarian Working People's Party on 12 June 1948
  4. ^ Nagy never formally resigned, and remained in refuge at the Yugoslav Embassy until 22 November 1956
  5. ^ In Uzhhorod exile, then in Szolnok to 7 November 1956
  6. ^ FKGP split into two groups on 24 February 1992. EKGP (Group of 33 then 36 MPs) continued to support the government, while FKGP (Group of 12 then 10 MPs) went into opposition.
  7. ^ SZDSZ left the Gyurcsány II Cabinet on 20 April 2008.
  8. ^ The Bajnai Cabinet was supported externally by SZDSZ.

Sources

  • Bölöny, József – Hubai, László: Magyarország kormányai 1848–2004 [Cabinets of Hungary 1848–2004], Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 2004 (5th edition).
  • Izsák, Alajos – Pölöskei, Ferenc – Romsics, Ignác – Urbán, Aladár: Magyar miniszterelnökök 1848–2002 [Prime ministers of Hungary 1848–2002], Kossuth Kiadó, Budapest, 2003.
  • Markó, László: A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig – Életrajzi Lexikon [The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days – A Biographical Encyclopedia] (2nd edition); Helikon Kiadó Kft., 2006, Budapest; ISBN 963-547-085-1.

References

  1. ^ Szurovecz, Illés (30 November 2020). "Varga Judittól kellett megtudnunk, hogy Orbán Viktor többet volt hatalmon, mint bármelyik magyar miniszterelnök a történelemben".
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