List of nearest hypergiants

This is a list of the nearest hypergiant stars to Earth, located at a distance of up to 10,000 light-years (3,100 parsecs) from Earth.

While hypergiants are typically defined as stars with luminosity classes 0, Ia-0 or Ia+, other definitions exist, such as those based on stellar evolution. Therefore, stars with other luminosity classes can sometimes be considered hypergiants.

List

Name Distance (ly) Spectral type Stellar radius (R☉) Stellar mass (M☉) Stellar luminosity (L☉) Apparent magnitude (V) Notes and References
Mu Cephei 2090 – 3060[1][2] M2-Ia (M2e Ia or M2 Ia+)[3] 1259[4] – 1420[5] 25[6] 269000+111000
−40000 		4.08
VV Cephei A 3319 – 4900 M2 Iab (M1p 0) 1050 2.5 or 18.2 72880±16300 4.91 [7]
VY Canis Majoris 3820+260
−230 		M3-M4.5 (M2.5-M5Iae) 1420±120 17±8 270000±40000 6.5-9.6 [8][9]
HD 183143 (HT Sagittae) 4990±550 B6-8 Ia-0 109±15 24.2±1.4 288000+83000
−65000 		6.71-6.95
HD 168625 (V4030 Sagittarii) 5000±200 B6Ia+ (B2-B8) 105 380000 8.30-8.41
VX Sagittarii 5100+360
−330 		M4eIa-M10eIa 1456–1556 20–40 275000+114000
−52000 		6.5-14.0 [10]
HD 168607 (V4029 Sagittarii) 5100±500 B9Ia+ 187 240000 8.12-8.29
NML Cygni 5250+420
−360 		M4.5–M7.9 Ia–III 1350+195
−229[a] 		25 229000+40000
−41000, 270000±50000 		16.60
P Cygni 5300±590 B1-2Ia-0ep (B1 lapeq) 76 37 610000 4.82
Cygnus OB2-12 5300±590 B3-4Ia+ 264 110 1660000 11.702
V915 Scorpii 5600+570
−370 		K0Ia-0 685.6 14.7 74100 – 185200 6.22 - 6.64
Zeta¹ Scorpii 6000 B1.5Ia+ 103 – 125.5 36 – 53 850000 4.705 [13][14]
V382 Carinae 6000 G0-4-Ia+ 485 ± 56 24±5.1 212000±12300 3.83
V602 Carinae 7000 M3 Ia-Iab 1015 17.7 – 20 126000 8.39
S Persei 7900±300 M3 Iae–M7 1298+64
−57 		20 123000 – 186000 9.23
6 Cassiopeiae 8000 A2.5Ia+ 193 22.0 200000 5.34-5.45
Rho Cassiopeiae 8150±1630 G2 0 (F8pIa-K0pIa-0) 700 40 300000 – 530000 4.1 to 6.2 [15]
BP Crucis 9915.154 B1 Ia+ 70 43 470000 10.83 [16]

Notes

  1. ^ Using an angular diameter of 7.8±0.64 milliarcseconds and a distance of 1610+130
    −110     parsecs.    [11][12]

See also

References

  1. ^ Montargès, M; Homan, W; Keller, D; Clementel, N; Shetye, S; Decin, L; Harper, G M; Royer, P; Winters, J M; Le Bertre, T; Richards, A M S (2019-05-11). "NOEMA maps the CO J = 2 − 1 environment of the red supergiant $\mu$ Cep★". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 485 (2): 2417–2430. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz397. ISSN 0035-8711.
  2. ^ Davies, Ben; Beasor, Emma R (2020-03-21). "The 'red supergiant problem': the upper luminosity boundary of Type II supernova progenitors". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 493 (1): 468–476. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa174. ISSN 0035-8711.
  3. ^ Garrison, R. F.; Kormendy, J. (December 1976). "Some characteristics of the young open cluster Trumpler 37". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 88: 865. Bibcode:1976PASP...88..865G. doi:10.1086/130037. ISSN 0004-6280.
  4. ^ Josselin, E.; Plez, B. (July 2007). "Atmospheric dynamics and the mass loss process in red supergiant stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 469 (2): 671–680. arXiv:0705.0266. Bibcode:2007A&A...469..671J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066353. ISSN 0004-6361.
  5. ^ Levesque, Emily M.; Massey, Philip; Olsen, K. A. G.; Plez, Bertrand; Josselin, Eric; Maeder, Andre; Meynet, Georges (August 2005). "The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not as Cool as We Thought". The Astrophysical Journal. 628 (2): 973–985. arXiv:astro-ph/0504337. Bibcode:2005ApJ...628..973L. doi:10.1086/430901. ISSN 0004-637X.
  6. ^ López Ariste, A.; Wavasseur, M.; Mathias, Ph.; Lèbre, A.; Tessore, B.; Georgiev, S. (February 2023). "The height of convective plumes in the red supergiant μ Cep". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 670: A62. arXiv:2301.01326. Bibcode:2023A&A...670A..62L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244285. ISSN 0004-6361.
  7. ^ Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Stassun, Keivan G.; Lund, Michael B.; Siverd, Robert J.; Pepper, Joshua; Tang, Sumin; Kafka, Stella; Gaudi, B. Scott; Conroy, Kyle E.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Stevens, Daniel J.; Shappee, Benjamin J. (May 2016). "An extreme analogue of ε Aurigae: an M-giant eclipsed every 69 years by a large opaque disk surrounding a small hot source". The Astronomical Journal. 151 (5): 123. arXiv:1601.00135. Bibcode:2016AJ....151..123R. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/5/123. S2CID 24349954.
  8. ^ Massey, Philip; Levesque, Emily M.; Plez, Bertrand (2006-08-01). "Bringing VY Canis Majoris down to size: an improved determination of its effective temperature". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (2): 1203–1208. arXiv:astro-ph/0604253. Bibcode:2006ApJ...646.1203M. doi:10.1086/505025. S2CID 14314968.
  9. ^ Humphreys, Roberta M. (2006). "VY Canis Majoris: The Astrophysical Basis of Its Luminosity". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 38: 1047. arXiv:astro-ph/0610433. Bibcode:2006AAS...20910109G.
  10. ^ Jadlovský, D.; Wittkowski, M.; Chiavassa, A.; Kravchenko, K.; Freytag, B.; Höfner, S.; Krtička, J.; Paladini, C.; Rau, G. (2026-04-23). "VLTI-GRAVITY measurements of cool evolved stars: II. Pulsation properties and mass-loss process of the Mira star R Car and the red supergiant VX Sgr". Astronomy and Astrophysics. arXiv:2604.21621.
  11. ^ Richichi, A.; Percheron, I.; Khristoforova, M. (2005-02-01). "CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 431 (2): 773–777. Bibcode:2005A&A...431..773R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042039. ISSN 0004-6361. Data about NML Cygni (IRC +40448) is found here at VizieR.
  12. ^ Zhang, B.; Reid, M. J.; Menten, K. M.; Zheng, X. W.; Brunthaler, A. (2012). "The distance and size of the red hypergiant NML Cygni from VLBA and VLA astrometry". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 544: A42. arXiv:1207.1850. Bibcode:2012A&A...544A..42Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219587. S2CID 55509287.
  13. ^ "* zet01 Sco". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2025-03-01.
  14. ^ Clark, J. S.; Najarro, F.; Negueruela, I.; Ritchie, B. W.; Urbaneja, M. A.; Howarth, I. D. (2012-02-17), On the nature of the galactic early-B hypergiants, arXiv, doi:10.48550/arXiv.1202.3991, arXiv:1202.3991, retrieved 2026-04-04
  15. ^ "* rho Cas". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2025-03-01.
  16. ^ "V* BP Crucis". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2025-03-01.

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