List of last survivors of historical events
A historical event can be defined as any occurrence from the past regardless of significance, with the term "history " an umbrella term relating to past events and any associated memories, discoveries, collections, organizations, presentations, and/or interpretations of them. This differs from a historic event which is often less inclusive, and stands out as having made a significant impact on history itself.[ 1]
The following is a list of notable people documented as the last living individuals to have witnessed, survived or participated in significant historical events or who were the last living members of a historic group that directly contributed to such an event (e.g. Manhattan Project scientists). Excluded from this list are last living survivors of wars , speakers of languages , and others who are already recorded on pages representing more narrow categories.
Background shading indicates the individual is still living
Before 1701
1701–1800
1801–1850
1851–1900
1901–1915
Name
Death
Distinction
Date ended
James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn [ 84]
3 January 1913 (aged 74)
Last Groom of the Stool
22 January 1901
James Sant
12 July 1916 (aged 96)
Last Principal Painter in Ordinary
Laura Bullion
2 December 1961(1961-12-02) (aged 85)
Last member of the Wild Bunch gang
2 April 1901
George Coventry, 9th Earl of Coventry
13 March 1930 (aged 91)
Last surviving Master of the Buckhounds
2 July 1901
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
10 February 1923 (aged 77)
Last laureate of the first Nobel Prize ceremony
10 December 1901
Colin L. Begg[ 85]
15 January 1941 (aged 67–68)
Last founder of the American Urological Association
22 February 1902[ 86]
Léon Compère-Léandre
1936 (aged 62)
Last known survivor on the shore of Saint-Pierre during the eruption of Mount Pelée
8 May 1902
Irénise Moulonguet[ 87]
28 May 2013(2013-05-28) (aged 112)
Last witness to the eruption of Mount Pelée
Sir Edward Seymour
2 March 1929 (aged 88)
Last of the original recipients of the Order of Merit
26 June 1902
Gladys Verquin (née Ennis)[ 88]
20 March 1993(1993-03-20) (aged 91)
Last survivor of the Frank Slide
29 April 1903
Roscinda Nolasquez [ 89]
4 February 1987(1987-02-04) (aged 94)
Last speaker of Cupeño and last survivor of the removal of the Cupeño to Pala, California , the final of the Federal Indian Removals
13 May 1903
Jean Dargassies
7 August 1965(1965-08-07) (aged 93)
Last known participant of the 1903 Tour de France
19 July 1903
Gleb Krzhizhanovsky
31 March 1959(1959-03-31) (aged 87)
Last member of the 1st Central Committee of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
23 August 1903
Jennings J. Dunlap[ 90]
22 September 1964(1964-09-22) (aged 84–85)
Last survivor of the Wreck of the Old 97
27 September 1903
Freddy Parent
2 November 1972(1972-11-02) (aged 96)
Last known player of the 1903 World Series [ 91]
13 October 1903
Johnny Moore[ 92] [ 93]
28 February 1952(1952-02-28) (aged 66)
Last witness of the Wright Brothers ' first heavier than air flight
17 December 1903
Verde Clark Graff[ 94]
3 July 1989(1989-07-03) (aged 97)
Last survivor of the Iroquois Theatre fire
30 December 1903
Adella Wotherspoon
26 January 2004(2004-01-26) (aged 100)
Last and youngest survivor of the General Slocum disaster
15 June 1904
Michael Barne
31 May 1961(1961-05-31) (aged 83)
Last participant of the Discovery Expedition
10 September 1904
William Luttgen[ 95]
27 August 1965(1965-08-27) (aged 87)
Last participant of the 1904 Vanderbilt Cup
8 October 1904
James Rudolph Garfield
24 March 1950 (aged 84)
Last member of the Keep Commission
1905
Guy Vaughn
21 November 1966(1966-11-21) (aged 82)
Last participant of the 1905 Morris Park 5 , the first AAA National Motor Car Championship
10 June 1905
Last participant of the 1905 AAA National Motor Car Championship , the forerunner of the IndyCar Series
29 September 1905
William Del Monte[ 96]
11 January 2016(2016-01-11) (aged 109)
Last known survivor of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake
18 April 1906
Alessandro Cagno
23 December 1971(1971-12-23) (aged 88)
Last participant in the 1906 Targa Florio
6 May 1906
Last participant in the 1906 French Grand Prix , the first Grand Prix motor race
27 June 1906
Last known participant in the 1907 Kaiserpreis , the forerunner of the German Grand Prix
14 June 1907
Dorsie Williams Willis[ 97]
24 August 1977(1977-08-24) (aged 91)
Last soldier accused in the Brownsville Affair
13 August 1906
Using Daeng Rangka
1927 (aged 81–82)
Last Makassan trepanger to visit Australia
1907 (End of Makassan contact with Australia )
Mangnellai Daeng Maro[ 98]
1978 (aged 80–81)
Last known Makassan traveler to make contact with Australia
Louis Maurer [ 99]
19 July 1932 (aged 100)
Last Currier and Ives staff member
1907
Brian Evans-Lombe[ 100]
31 January 1994(1994-01-31) (aged 100)
Last participant of the Brownsea Island Scout camp , the founding event of the Scout movement
8 August 1907
Ralph Mulford
23 October 1973(1973-10-23) (aged 88)
Last known participant in the 1908 American Grand Prize , the forerunner of the United States Grand Prix
26 November 1908
Last participant in the 1911 Indianapolis 500
30 May 1911
Francesca Nato[ 101]
16 April 2017(2017-04-16) (aged 110)[ 102]
Last known survivor of the 1908 Messina earthquake
28 December 1908
Philip Brocklehurst
28 January 1975(1975-01-28) (aged 87)
Last member of Ernest Shackleton 's Nimrod Expedition
23 March 1909
Donald Baxter MacMillan [ 103]
7 September 1970(1970-09-07) (aged 95)
Last member of Robert Peary 's final expedition towards the North Pole
6 April 1909
Joseph Collins [ 104]
11 June 1950(1950-06-11) (aged 84)
Last founder of the Neurological Institute of New York
December 1909[ 105]
Mary Jo Estep
19 December 1992(1992-12-19) (aged 82–83)
Last survivor of the Battle of Kelley Creek
25 February 1911
Rose Freedman[ 106]
15 February 2001(2001-02-15) (aged 107)
Last survivor of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
25 March 1911
Ishi
25 March 1916 (aged 55)
Last known member of the Native American Yahi people , the last uncontacted peoples of the United States
29 August 1911
Georges Hostelet
4 November 1960 (aged 85)
Last attendee of the First Solvay Conference
3 November 1911
Sid Daniels
25 May 1983(1983-05-25) (aged 89)
Last crew member of the RMS Titanic
15 April 1912
Millvina Dean
31 May 2009(2009-05-31) (aged 97)
Last and youngest survivor of the sinking of RMS Titanic
Jonathan Bourne Jr.
1 September 1940(1940-09-01) (aged 85)
Last member of the United States Senate subcommittee which investigated the sinking of the RMS Titanic
25 May 1912
Dhimitër Beratti
8 September 1970(1970-09-08) (aged 83)
Last signer of the Albanian Declaration of Independence
28 November 1912
Alessandro Moreschi
21 April 1922(1922-04-21) (aged 63)
Last castrato
1913
Courtney Letts
7 April 1995(1995-04-07) (aged 95)
Last of the Big Four (debutantes)
1914
Ermenia Daley (née Padilla)[ 107]
14 March 2019(2019-03-14) (aged 105)
Last survivor of the Ludlow Massacre
20 April 1914
Grace Hanagan (Martyn)[ 108] [ 109]
15 May 1995(1995-05-15) (aged 87)
Last survivor of the sinking of the RMS Empress of Ireland
29 May 1914
Vaso Čubrilović
11 June 1990(1990-06-11) (aged 93)
Last participant in the conspiracy to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand
28 June 1914
Alexander Bernard Heron[ 110]
24 January 2000(2000-01-24) (aged 105)
Last worker involved in the construction of the Panama Canal
15 August 1914
James Van Fleet [ 111]
23 September 1992(1992-09-23) (aged 100)
Last surviving member of The class the stars fell on to have reached the rank of general
3 May 1915
Audrey Warren Lawson-Johnston (née Pearl)[ 112] [ 113]
11 January 2011(2011-01-11) (aged 95)
Last survivor of the sinking of the RMS Lusitania
7 May 1915
Peter Stoddart[ 114]
4 July 1988 (aged 91–92)
Last known survivor of the Quintinshill rail disaster
22 May 1915
Marion Eichholz[ 115]
24 November 2014(2014-11-24) (aged 102)
Last survivor of the capsizing of the SS Eastland
24 July 1915
1916–1930
1931–1945
1946–1960
Name
Death
Distinction
Date ended
Hubert Germain
12 October 2021(2021-10-12) (aged 101)
Last Compagnon de la Libération
23 January 1946
Joy Bright Hancock [ 198]
20 August 1986(1986-08-20) (aged 88)
Last director of WAVES
September 1946
Motoko Fujishiro Huthwaite [ 199]
4 May 2020(2020-05-04) (aged 92)
Last of the Monuments Women
Richard M. Barancik[ 200] [ 201]
14 July 2023 (aged 99)
Last of the Monuments Men
Consalvo Sanesi
28 July 1998(1998-07-28) (aged 87)
Last participant of the 1946 Turin Grand Prix , the first Formula One Grand Prix
1 September 1946
Simeon II [ 202]
Living (age 87)
Last Tsar of the Kingdom of Bulgaria , and the last leader to reign with the title of tsar [ 203]
15 September 1946
Ben Ferencz
7 April 2023(2023-04-07) (aged 103)
Last prosecutor during the Nuremberg Trials
1 October 1946
Rudolf Hess
17 August 1987 (aged 93)
Last defendant at the Nuremberg Trials
Ossie Schectman
30 July 2013(2013-07-30) (aged 94)
Last participant of the Inaugural NBA Game
1 November 1946
Charles Luckman
26 January 1999 (aged 89)
Last member of the President's Committee on Civil Rights
5 December 1946
Last member of the Fahy Committee
26 July 1948
Brajraj Mahapatra
30 November 2015(2015-11-30) (aged 94)
Last royal to sign the merger agreement with the Indian state
1947
Maharaja Tej Singh Prabhakar
15 February 2009(2009-02-15) (aged 97)
Last recipient of the Order of the Star of India
Mayurdwajsinhji Meghrajji III
1 August 2010(2010-08-01) (aged 87)
Last recipient of the Order of the Indian Empire
Patricia Neal
8 August 2010(2010-08-08) (aged 84)
Last award winner of the 1st Tony Awards
6 April 1947
Jerry Rullo
21 October 2016(2016-10-21) (aged 94)
Last winner in the 1947 BAA Finals , the inaugural National Basketball Association season
22 April 1947
Teizaburō Sekiya [ja ] [ 204]
10 June 1950 (aged 75)
Last person appointed to the Privy Council of Japan
3 May 1947
Knut Haugland
25 December 2009(2009-12-25) (aged 92)
Last crew member on the Kon-Tiki expedition
7 August 1947
Kenneth C. Royall
25 May 1971(1971-05-25) (aged 76)
Last United States Secretary of War
18 September 1947
Marsha Hunt [ 205]
7 September 2022(2022-09-07) (aged 104)
Last member of the Committee for the First Amendment
2 November 1947
Last person accused in the Red Channels list
22 June 1950
Krachang Tularak
23 June 2009(2009-06-23) (aged 96)
Last member of Khana Ratsadon
8 November 1947
Ring Lardner Jr. [ 206]
31 October 2000(2000-10-31) (aged 85)
Last member of the Hollywood Ten
25 November 1947
Clarence Beavers
4 December 2017(2017-12-04) (aged 96)
Last member of the Triple Nickles
15 December 1947
Gopal Godse
26 November 2005(2005-11-26) (aged 86)
Last conspirator involved in the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
30 January 1948
Emilio Colombo [ 207]
24 June 2013 (aged 93)
Last member of the Constituent Assembly of Italy
31 January 1948
Richard Nixon
22 April 1994(1994-04-22) (aged 81)
Last member of the Herter Committee
1 May 1948
Arieh Handler
20 May 2011(2011-05-20) (aged 95)
Last witness to the signing of the Israeli Declaration of Independence
14 May 1948
Teiichi Suzuki
15 July 1989 (aged 100)
Last defendant at the Tokyo Trials
12 November 1948
Hernán Santa Cruz
1999(1999-00-00) (aged 92–93)
Last member of the Drafting Committee of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
10 December 1948
Rexford Tugwell
21 July 1979 (aged 88)
Last surviving United States-appointed Governor of Puerto Rico
2 January 1949
Martin Sandberger
30 March 2010(2010-03-30) (aged 98)
Last defendant at the Subsequent Nuremberg trials
13 April 1949
Hannsheinz Bauer [de ] [ 208]
18 June 2005(2005-06-18) (aged 96)
Last member of the Parlamentarischer Rat
23 May 1949
Ernie Lyons
5 February 2014(2014-02-05) (aged 99)
Last rider of the first 1949 motorcycle Grand Prix , the Isle of Man TT
17 June 1949
Archie Smith [ 209]
27 December 2019(2019-12-27) (aged 90)
Last driver in the 1949 Strictly Stock Division inaugural race , the inaugural NASCAR Cup Series race
19 June 1949
Last driver in the 1949 Strictly Stock Division season , the inaugural NASCAR Cup Series
16 October 1949
Caren Marsh Doll
Living (age 105)
Last survivor of the crash of Standard Air Lines Flight 897R
12 July 1949
Charles L. Greenlee
18 April 2012 (aged 78)
Last of the Groveland Four
16 July 1949
Isaak Khalatnikov [ 210]
9 January 2021(2021-01-09) (aged 101)
Last physicist involved in the Soviet atomic bomb project
29 August 1949
Carlo Ubbiali
2 June 2020(2020-06-02) (aged 90)
Last rider to participate in the 1949 motorcycle Grand Prix season[ 211]
4 September 1949
Gonzalo Facio Segreda [ 212]
24 January 2018 (aged 99)
Last member of the Founding Junta of the Second Republic
8 November 1949
Tony Lovink
27 March 1995(1995-03-27) (aged 92)
Last Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
27 December 1949
Louis Cheslock [ 213] [ 214]
19 June 1981(1981-06-19) (aged 82)
Last member of H.L. Mencken's Saturday Night Club
1950
Andor Lilienthal
5 August 2010(2010-08-05) (aged 99)
Last of the original FIDE chess grandmasters
Marlene Hagge
16 May 2023(2023-05-16) (aged 89)
Last founder of the LPGA
John Cairncross
8 October 1995(1995-10-08) (aged 82)
Last of the Cambridge Five
1950s
Adolf H. "Jazz" Maffie[ 215]
25 September 1988(1988-09-25) (aged 77)
Last convicted participant of the Great Brink's Robbery
17 January 1950
T. M. Kaliannan [ 216] [ 217]
28 May 2021(2021-05-28) (aged 100)
Last member of the Constituent Assembly of India
25 January 1950
Tony Rolt
6 February 2008(2008-02-06) (aged 89)
Last driver in the first World Championship Grand Prix [ 218]
13 May 1950
Ludmila Brožová-Polednová [ 219]
15 January 2015 (aged 93)
Last participant in Milada Horáková's trial
8 June 1950
Alcides Ghiggia
16 July 2015(2015-07-16) (aged 88)
Last player of the winning team at the 1950 FIFA World Cup [ 220]
16 July 1950
Robert Manzon
19 January 2015(2015-01-19) (aged 97)
Last driver to take part in the inaugural World Championship of Drivers [ 221]
3 September 1950
Omar Bradley
8 April 1981(1981-04-08) (aged 88)
Last General of the Army and last American to hold a Five-star rank
22 September 1950
Vincent Mroz [ 222]
22 July 2008 (aged 86)
Last person involved in the shootout during the attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman
1 November 1950
Ian Hamilton
4 October 2022(2022-10-04) (aged 97)
Last participant in the removal of the Stone of Scone from Westminster Abbey
25 December 1950
Tsuzuko Sugawara [ja ]
Living (age 97)
Last performer at the 1st [ja ] NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen
3 January 1951
Rokurō Tsuruta [ja ]
30 March 1997(1997-03-30) (aged 80)
Last performer on the winning team at the 1st [ja ] NHK Kōhaku Uta Gassen
Nilla Pizzi
12 March 2011(2011-03-12) (aged 91)
Last performer at the 1st [it ] Sanremo Music Festival
31 January 1951
Morton Sobell
26 December 2018(2018-12-26) (aged 101)
Last defendant in the Rosenberg spy trial
5 April 1951
Andrew Fitzgerald[ 223]
15 November 2018(2018-11-15) (aged 86)
Last Coast Guard rescuer involved in the S.S. Pendleton rescue
18 February 1952
Reginald Kray
1 October 2000(2000-10-01) (aged 66)
Last prisoner at the Tower of London
March 1952
Moon Fun Chin [ 224]
9 May 2023(2023-05-09) (aged 110)
Last CNAC pilot
May 1952
Luis Muñoz Rivera
30 September 2006 (aged 90)
Last delegate to Puerto Rico's Constitutional Convention
25 July 1952
Del Crandall [ 225]
5 May 2021 (aged 91)
Last surviving member of the Boston Braves
21 September 1952
Roman F. Tritz[ 226]
31 July 2020 (aged 97)
Last known combat veteran to be lobotomized by the United States government
1953
Nikolai Baibakov
31 March 2008(2008-03-31) (aged 97)
Last Soviet government minister who served during the Stalin Era
5 March 1953
Nuritdin Mukhitdinov
27 August 2008(2008-08-27) (aged 90)
Last member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the Stalin Era
Kanchha Sherpa[ 227]
Living (age 91–92)
Last member of the 1953 British Everest Expedition
29 May 1953
Clark Kerr
1 December 2003 (aged 92)
Last member of the Kestnbaum Commission
10 June 1953
William Kelly Harrison, Jr.
29 May 1987(1987-05-29) (aged 91)
Last signer of the Korean Armistice Agreement
27 July 1953
Jackie Sewell
26 September 2016(2016-09-26) (aged 89)
Last player in the Match of the Century
25 November 1953
Kenneth A. Roberts
9 May 1989(1989-05-09) (aged 76)
Last wounded congressman in the 1954 United States Capitol shooting incident
1 March 1954
Rafael Cancel Miranda
2 March 2020(2020-03-02) (aged 89)
Last perpetrator in the 1954 United States Capitol shooting incident
Oishi Matashichi
7 March 2021(2021-03-07) (aged 87)
Last crew member of the Daigo Fukuryū Maru
Morton Prince[ 228] [ 229] [ 230] [ 231] [ 232]
late 2022 (aged 98)
Last inventor of Bell Labs' first solar cell
25 April 1954
Zelma Henderson
20 May 2008(2008-05-20) (aged 88)
Last plaintiff in the Brown v. Board of Education case
17 May 1954
David Rockefeller
20 March 2017 (aged 101)
Last participant of the first Bilderberg Conference
31 May 1954
Horst Eckel
3 December 2021(2021-12-03) (aged 89)
Last surviving player of the 1954 World Cup winning West German team[ 233]
4 July 1954
Bobby Shantz
Living (age 98)
Last surviving member of the Philadelphia A's
26 September 1954
Richard Harding Poff
27 June 2011(2011-06-27) (aged 87)
Last signer of the Southern Manifesto
12 March 1956
Robert Siatka
Living (age 90)
Last footballer of the 1956 European Cup Final
13 June 1956
Francisco Gento
18 January 2022(2022-01-18) (aged 88)
Last winner of the 1956 European Cup Final , the inaugural UEFA Champions League , and of the 1957 European Cup Final
Albert Woolson [ 234]
2 August 1956 (aged 106)
Last member of the Grand Army of the Republic
2 August 1956
Roger Baldwin[ 235]
10 January 2021(2021-01-10) (aged 91)
Last of the Four Horsemen of Aberdeen
September 1956
Jerry Lee Lewis
28 October 2022 (aged 87)
Last member of the Million Dollar Quartet
4 December 1956
Jonathan Williams [ 236]
16 March 2008(2008-03-16) (aged 79)
Last of the Black Mountain poets
1957
Johannes von Trapp
Living (age 85)
Last of the Trapp Family Singers
Maurice Faure [ 237]
6 March 2014(2014-03-06) (aged 92)
Last signer of the Treaty of Rome
25 March 1957
Alberto Orzan
9 August 2022(2022-08-09) (aged 91)
Last player of the 1957 European Cup Final
30 May 1957
Gordon Moore
24 March 2023(2023-03-24) (aged 94)
Last member of the Traitorous eight who founded Silicon Valley
18 September 1957
Bobby Charlton
21 October 2023(2023-10-21) (aged 86)
Last Manchester United F.C. player to survive the Munich air disaster
6 February 1958
Neil Armstrong
25 August 2012 (aged 82)
Last astronaut candidate selected for Man in Space Soonest
25 June 1958
Mário Zagallo
5 January 2024(2024-01-05) (aged 92)
Last surviving player of the 1958 World Cup final winning Brazilian team[ 238]
29 June 1958
Kurt Hamrin
4 February 2024 (aged 89)
Last surviving player of the 1958 World Cup final
Alvils Gulbis
27 February 2021 (aged 84)
Last winner of the 1958 FIBA European Champions Cup , the inaugural EuroLeague season
19 July 1958
Oscar Holderer [ 239]
5 May 2015 (aged 95)
Last surviving engineer of Wernher von Braun's German rocket team
1959
Dorothea Schlidt[ 240]
10 May 2021 (aged 100)
Last surviving member of Wernher von Braun's German rocket team
George Mikan
1 June 2005(2005-06-01) (aged 80)
Last surviving individual member of the inaugural induction class of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame [ d]
Bill Hastie[ 241]
7 November 2020 (aged 101)[ 242]
Last survivor of the Knox Mine Disaster
22 January 1959
Yuri Yudin
27 April 2013(2013-04-27) (aged 75)
Last (and only) survivor of the Dyatlov Pass incident
2 February 1959
Jimmy Cobb
24 May 2020(2020-05-24) (aged 91)
Last player in the Kind of Blue recording sessions
22 April 1959
Go Gien Tjwan
27 September 2018(2018-09-27) (aged 98)
Last known member of the Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia
5 July 1959
Barron Hilton
19 September 2019(2019-09-19) (aged 91)
Last member of the Foolish Club , the 8 original franchise owners of American Football League teams
14 August 1959
Anatoly Kryuchkovsky[ 243]
Living (age 84)
Last crew member of Self-propelled barge T-36
7 March 1960
Boris Volynov
Living (age 89)
Last living member of the First Squad of Soviet Cosmonauts
Kurt Diemberger
Living (age 92)
Last person to make the first ascents on two mountains over 8,000 metres
25 May 1960
Baudouin of Belgium
31 July 1993 (aged 62)
Last knight of the Supreme Order of Christ
31 July 1993
Viktor Ponedelnik
5 December 2020(2020-12-05) (aged 83)
Last winner of the 1960 European Nations' Cup , the inaugural UEFA European Championship
10 July 1960
Željko Matuš
Living (age 89)
Last football player in the 1960 European Nations' Cup Final , the inaugural UEFA European Championship final
Sander Vanocur
16 September 2019(2019-09-16) (aged 91)
Last on-screen participant in the first Kennedy-Nixon presidential debate
26 September 1960
1961–1975
1976–1999
2000–present
Images of select individuals
A few of the individuals listed above are pictured here, for visual reference. Each picture is captioned.
See also
Notes
^ Occurred on 23 September 1642 under the Julian Calendar .
^ The eLibrary gives his death date as 11 November.
^ While Cobb was the last surviving member of the 1936 induction class, he was not the last survivor of the first group of inductees. The first induction ceremony was not held until the Hall of Fame opened on 12 June 1939, with the ceremony honoring individuals elected through 1939 . The last survivor of this larger group was George Sisler , a member of the 1939 induction class, who died on 26 March 1973 at age 80.
^ The 1959 induction class also included the Original Celtics , a pioneering professional team active from the late 1910s to 1941 that was inducted as a team. At least one Original Celtics member, Lou Bender , survived Mikan, dying at age 99 on 10 September 2009.
^ Here, "official participant" includes the fighters, their ringside support personnel, and fight officials.
^ Was not convicted until 2005.
^ Bretagne worked at ground zero for ten days.
References
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^ "History" . Accademia dei Lincei . Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2021 .
^ "Harvard Historical Disruptions" . Harvard Library . Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021 .
^ " "Never Idle" - The Establishment of the Leopoldina" . German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2021 .
^ Gopnik, Alison (October 2015). "How an 18th-Century Philosopher Helped Solve My Midlife Crisis" . The Atlantic . Archived from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021 .
^ Manucci, Niccolao (1908). Storia Do Mogor: Or, Mogul India, 1653-1708 . Vol. 4. Translated by Irvine, William. Oriental Books Reprint Corporation. p. 314. ASIN B002A9M19W .
^ Bazalgette, Peter (26 August 2022). "Letter: Recalling the last Briton executed for blasphemy" . Financial Times . ISSN 0307-1766 . Retrieved 27 August 2022 .
^ Gold, Joyce (1808). The Naval Chronicle, Containing a General and Biographical History of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom, with a Variety of Original Papers on Nautical Subjects . Vol. 20. Joyce Gold. p. 168.
^ West, William M. (1830). The History, Topography and Directory of Warwickshire . R. Wrightson. p. 537.
^ Bartlett, John Russel (2009). A History of the Destruction of His Britannic Majesty's Schooner Gaspee in Narragansett Bay, on the 10th June, 1772 . Applewood Books. p. 18. ISBN 9781429019613 . Retrieved 15 March 2018 .
^ "Ephraim Bowen, American Raider on English Ship" . Retrieved 27 January 2012 .
^ Mayo, Lawrence Shaw (1921). John Wentworth, Governor of New Hampshire: 1767-1775 . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Retrieved 26 August 2024 .
^ Bayles, J. C. (18 June 1905). "The Last of the Revolutionary Widows" (PDF) . The New York Times . p. 48. Retrieved 26 August 2024 .
^ "Les aventures extraordinaires de Jean-Baptiste Barthélemy de Lesseps" . gillesenlettonie.blogspot.co.uk . 2011.
^ "Nossos Inconfidentes" . Prefeitura Municipal de Resende Costa . 2012. Archived from the original on 22 August 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021 .
^ The British Almanac of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, for the Year of Our Lord 1873 . Company Of Stationers. 1872. p. 268. Retrieved 13 August 2012 .
^ "About the New-York Historical Society" . New-York Historical Society . Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021 .
^ a b "Mrs. Darius King; Was Last Surviving Widow of a Veteran of War of 1812" . The New York Times . 30 June 1938. p. 23. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 18 January 2021 .
^ "VETERANS: Account Closed" . Time . 25 March 1946. ISSN 0040-781X . Retrieved 18 January 2021 .
^ Kemp, Louis Wiltz (1944). The signers of the Texas declaration of independence . The Anson Jones press. p. 94. Retrieved 15 March 2018 .
^ Dodsley, J. (1915). The Annual Register . Longmans, Green & Co. p. 109. Retrieved 27 April 2013 .
^ "Last Cherokee survivor of Trail of Tears to be honored on June 8" . Cherokee Phoenix. 4 June 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019 .
^ "Family Stories from the Trail of Tears" . Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2011 .
^ Ellsberry, Elizabeth Prather (1975). The Researcher . Vol. 55–66. E.P. Ellsberry. p. 84. Retrieved 15 March 2018 .
^ "Milvern Harrell – The Last Survivor of the Dawson Massacre" . Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2011 .
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Lists of the oldest people by specific groups
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