Kispu

Kispu or kispum[1] was an ancient Mesopotamian ritual in which the ancestors were venerated, nourished and cared.[2] The ritual included regular offering of food and drinks to the dead.[3][4] Textual evidence for the kispu were found from as early as the 3rd millennium BC; these evidence indicate the ceremony included sacrifices and offerings.[2] The textual evidence allow identification of archaeological findings, such as masses of dining vessels near secondary burial skeletons the royal hypogeum at Qatna,[5] with the kispu.[2][6]

See also

Further reading

  • Tsukimoto, Akio (2010). "Peace for the Dead, or kispu(m) Again". Orient. 45: 101–109. doi:10.5356/orient.45.101.
  • Bayliss, Miranda (1973). "The Cult of Dead Kin in Assyria and Babylonia". Iraq. 35 (2): 115–125. doi:10.2307/4199959. ISSN 0021-0889.

References

  1. ^ With Akkadian mimation
  2. ^ a b c Laneri, Nicola (2021). "Sensing the ancestors". In Neumann, Kiersten; Thomason, Allison (eds.). The Routledge Handbook of the Senses in the Ancient Near East. Routledge. p. 400. doi:10.4324/9780429280207.
  3. ^ Pfälzner, Peter (2012). "How Did They Bury the Kings of Qatna?". In Pfälzner, Peter; Niehr, Herbert; Pernicka, Ernst; Wissing, Anne (eds.). Qaṭna Studien Supplementa. Vol. 1: (Re-)Constructing Funerary Ritualsin the Ancient Near East. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 216.
  4. ^ Pitard, Wayne T. (1978). "The Ugaritic Funerary Text RS 34.126". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (232): 67. doi:10.2307/1356702. ISSN 0003-097X.
  5. ^ For more details see Qatna#Royal ancestors cult
  6. ^ Pfälzner, Peter (2012). "How Did They Bury the Kings of Qatna?". In Pfälzner, Peter; Niehr, Herbert; Pernicka, Ernst; Wissing, Anne (eds.). Qaṭna Studien Supplementa. Vol. 1: (Re-)Constructing Funerary Ritualsin the Ancient Near East. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 213–216.
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