Iberis

Iberis
Perennial candytuft (Iberis sempervirens)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Embryophytes
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Spermatophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Iberis
Dill. ex L.
Species

~30; see text

Synonyms[1]

Biauricula Bubani

Iberis (/aɪˈbɪərɪs/ eye-BEER-iss),[2] commonly called candytuft, is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. It comprises annuals, evergreen perennials and subshrubs native to the Old World.[3] Species are native to the Mediterranean basin (southern Europe and North Africa), Western Asia, the Caucasus, and western Europe.[1] The name "candytuft" is not related to candy, but derives from Candia, the former name of Iraklion on the Island of Crete.[4]

They are used as ornamental plants for rock gardens, bedding, and borders in full sun or light shade.

In the language of flowers, the candytuft symbolizes indifference.[5]

Species

32 species are accepted.[1]

Trophic connections

These plants provide nourishment for a number of insect species of which the rare Euchloe tagis butterfly is the most striking example as it is monophagous on species in this genus.[6][7]

Biochemical defenses

Species in the genus Iberis contain not only glucosinolates, which are characteristic chemical defenses of the Brassicaceae plant family, but also cucurbitacins,[8] which are better known as chemical defenses in the Cucurbitaceae plant family. Cucurbitacins from Iberis amara have antifeedant activity against the Brassicaceae-feeding specialist Pieris rapae (cabbage butterfly).[9] Cucurbitacins from Iberis umbellata (globe candytuft) are ecdysteroid antagonists, acting on the ecdysteroid receptor of insects.[10]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Iberis Dill. ex L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 29 September 2025.
  2. ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  3. ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  4. ^ Shorter Oxford English dictionary, 6th ed. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 3804. ISBN 978-0199206872.
  5. ^ "Language of Flowers - Flower Meanings, Flower Sentiments". www.languageofflowers.com. Retrieved 2016-11-26.
  6. ^ de Viedma, M. G.; Escribano, R.; Gómez-Bustillo, M. R.; Mattoni, R. H. T. (1985-01-01). "The first attempt to establish a nature reserve for the conservation of lepidoptera in Spain". Biological Conservation. 32 (3): 255–276. Bibcode:1985BCons..32..255D. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(85)90113-2. ISSN 0006-3207.
  7. ^ Marabuto, Eduardo; Pina-Martins, Francisco; Rebelo, Maria Teresa; Paulo, Octávio S. (2020). "Ancient divergence, a crisis of salt and another of ice shaped the evolution of the west Mediterranean butterfly Euchloe tagis". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 131 (3): 487–504. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blaa129. hdl:10451/45515.
  8. ^ Nielsen, Jens Kvist; Larsen, Lone Melchior; Søorensen, Hilmer (1977-01-01). "Cucurbitacin E and I in Iberis amara: Feeding inhibitors for Phyllotreta nemorum". Phytochemistry. 16 (10): 1519–1522. Bibcode:1977PChem..16.1519N. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(77)84014-4. ISSN 0031-9422.
  9. ^ Sachdev-Gupta, Kusum; Radke, Celia D.; Renwick, J. Alan A. (1993-08-12). "Antifeedant activity of cucurbitacins from Iberis amara against larvae of Pieris rapae". Phytochemistry. The International Journal of Plant Biochemistry. 33 (6): 1385–1388. Bibcode:1993PChem..33.1385S. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(93)85096-A. ISSN 0031-9422.
  10. ^ Dinan, Laurence; Whiting, Pensri; Girault, Jean-Pierre; Lafont, René; Dhadialla, S. Tarlochan; Cress, E. Dean; Mugat, Bruno; Antoniewski, Christophe; Lepesant, Jean-Antoine (1997-11-01). "Cucurbitacins are insect steroid hormone antagonists acting at the ecdysteroid receptor". Biochemical Journal. 327 (3): 643–650. doi:10.1042/bj3270643. ISSN 0264-6021. PMC 1218839. PMID 9581538.
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