You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (January 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must follow the LLM translation guideline, revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Золотая баба]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|ru|Золотая баба}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

The Golden Woman, Golden Hag, or Golden Lady (Russian: Золотая баба, romanized: Zolotaya baba; archaic name: Злата баба, Zlata baba; Latin: aurea anus,^[1] aurea vetula), is a legendary idol, an alleged item of worship of the indigenous peoples of northeastern Europe and northwestern Siberia. Early references about it are contradictory, both in its geographical location and in description.

Maciej Miechowita in his Tractatus de duabus Sarmatis Europiana et Asiana et de contentis in eis (1517) described it as follows:^[2]

Accipiat quinto, quod post terram Viatka nuncupatam in Scythiam penetrando iacet magnum idolum Zlota baba, quod interpretatum sonat aurea anus seu vetula, quod gentes vicinae colunt et venerantur, nec aliquis in proximo gradiens aut feras agitando et in venatione sectando vacuus et sine oblatione pertransit, quinimo si munus nobile deest, pellem aut saltem de veste extractum pilum in offertorium idolo proicit et inclinando se cum reverentia pertransit.

Translated:

"Let it be received fifth [on the list], that beyond the land called Viatka, entering into Scythia, there stands a great idol called Zlota baba, which translated means 'golden old woman' or 'golden crone', which the neighboring peoples worship and venerate. No one passing nearby, whether hunting wild animals or pursuing game, goes by empty-handed or without making an offering. Indeed, if a noble gift is lacking, the person throws even a skin or at least a hair pulled from their clothing as an offering to the idol, and passes by with a bow and reverence."

Giles Fletcher in his Of the Russe Common Wealth (1591) writes that some maps and descriptions of countries, e.g., one by Herberstein, mention a "Slata Baba, or the golden hagge", an idol in the shape of an old woman who serves as an oracle for indigenous priests. However Fletcher sees this as a myth. He further writes that in Obdoria, near the mouth of Ob River there is a rock of shape resembling a ragged woman bearing a child in her hands, and Obdorian Samoyeds use it in their pagan sorcery.^[3]

• Yugra

• Алексеев М. П. Сибирь в известиях западно-европейских путешественников и писателей. XIII—XVIII вв. — 2-е изд. — Иркутск, 1941.
• Соколова З. П. Ардви Сура Анахита иранцев и «Злата Баба» финно-угров // Советская археология. — 1990. — № 3.
• Золотая баба // Северная энциклопедия. — М.: Европейские издания, 2004. — С. 303—304.
• Мароши В. В. Использование мифопоэтического ресурса в современной региональной прозе: охота за Сорни-Най // Литература Урала: история и современность: Сборник статей. — Вып. 3. — Т. 2. — Екатеринбург: Издательский дом «Союз писателей», 2007. — С. 266—278.
• Бурыкин А. А. Золотая баба — идол или топоним? // Культура как система в историческом контексте: опыт Западно-Сибирских археолого-этнографических совещаний… — Материалы Международной Западно-Сибирской археолого-этнографической конференции. Томск, 19–21 мая 2010 г. — Томск: Аграф-Пресс, 2010. — 506 с. — С. 54–56.