|
Gibril Haddad
Gibril Fouad Haddad (born 1960) (Arabic: جبريل فؤاد حداد; Arabic pronunciation: [gɪbriːl fʊɑːd ħadda:d]) is a Lebanese-born Islamic scholar, hadith expert (muhaddith), author, and translator of classical Islamic texts. He was featured in the inaugural list of The 500 Most Influential Muslims and has been called "one of the clearest voices of traditional Islam in the Western world",[2] a "prominent orthodox Sunni"[3] and a "staunch defender of the traditional Islamic schools of law."[4] He holds ijazas from over 150 scholars across the Muslim world.[5][6] He was a visiting fellow (2013-2015) then senior assistant professor (2015-2018) at the Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin Center for Islamic Studies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam.[7][8] He is also a staunch critic of Wahhabism and Salafism.[9] Early lifeGibril Haddad was born in 1960 in Beirut, Lebanon to a middle-class Lebanese Catholic family.[10] He has described his extended family as a mix of Eastern Orthodox and Roman/Maronite Catholics.[11] He was raised in a mixed neighborhood and attended a Jesuit school that his father and grandfather had attended before him.[10] In 1976, his father died during the Lebanese Civil War and his family was forced to flee Lebanon for the United Kingdom where Haddad completed high school.[10][12] Later his family moved to the United States where Haddad attended Columbia College in New York City and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He then returned to Lebanon and got a job at his old school.[10][12] Two years later, he left Lebanon again and enrolled in a French literature graduate program at Columbia University, New York.[1][11] Haddad states he spent most of his time after classes at the local church or library and occasionally visited his mother.[12] ConversionWhile in Lebanon Haddad realized that he was a nominal Christian who "did not really live according to what he knew were the norms of his faith."[10] He then decided that whenever the chance came he would try his best to live according to his idea of Christian standards for one year. He tried to do so while he was a student at Columbia University.[10] During that time, one of his American Christian friends converted to Islam. Haddad recalls that this event had a significant impact on him and made him feel envious: “Here was an American embracing the religion of my people - the Arabs - and the religion I felt attached to.”[12][10] During a year he spent in Paris on a scholarship, Haddad bought a complete set of tapes of the recitation of the Quran. Upon returning to New York, he heard the tapes and paid special attention to the passages that concerned Christians. He recalls that he felt the words of the Quran were those of God but also "squirmed" at some verses that threatened Christians.[10] He read many other books about Islam and eventually became dissatisfied with the Christian way of worship.[12] In 1991,[13][7] he went to a Muslim student group at Columbia University and pronounced the Shahada, thereby formally converting to the Hanafi Sunni branch of Islam.[12][10] Religious educationShortly after his conversion, Haddad met Shaykh Hisham Kabbani of Tripoli[12][10] who introduced him to the ways of the Naqshbandi Spiritual Order (tariqa). In the month of Ramadan following his conversion, Haddad traveled to London where he met Kabbani's teacher and father-in-law, Shaykh Muhammad Nazim al-Haqqani of Cyprus, and accepted him as his spiritual guide of the Naqshbandi Spiritual Order.[11] He then moved to Damascus where he studied for about 10 years[1] under many Islamic scholars such as Dr. Nur al-Din `Itr, Shaykh Adib Kallas, Shaykh Wahbi Sulayman al-Ghawji, Shaykh Muhammad al-Yaqoubi, Dr. Samer al-Nass, Dr. Wahba Zuhayli, Shaykh Abd al-Hadi Kharsa, Shaykh Muhammad Muti al-Hafiz, Shaykh Bassam al-Hamzawi and Shaykh Munir al-Hayek.[1][11] During his time in Damascus, Haddad continued to meet Shaykh Muhammad Nazim al-Haqqani at his home in Cyprus as well as in Damascus.[11] In Mecca, he studied under Shaykh Dr. Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki.[1][11] In Morocco he studied under Sidi Mustafa Bassir and in Beirut, he studied under Shaykh Husayn Usayran, the last of the close students of Qadi Shaykh Yusuf al-Nabhani.[1][11] Haddad initially followed the Hanafi school of Sunni jurisprudence after his conversion to Islam but later adopted the Shafi'i school of Sunni jurisprudence. He stated he did so because: 1. He found it easier to study due to Shaykh Nuh Ha Mim Keller’s Reliance of the Traveler; 2. He found it more logical to practice because it is the main school of jurisprudence in Lebanon and because it is the school his wife follows and; 3. The founder of the school, Imam Shafi'i, was a member of the Quraysh tribe (the tribe of Muhammad) and Muhammad had told his followers to hold fast to the Quran and the members of his household.[11][12] Life as an Islamic scholarShaykh Gibril Haddad is regarded as an accomplished and influential Islamic scholar, hadith expert (muhaddith), religious leader, author, and translator of classical Islamic texts.[2][14][1] He holds ijazas from over 150 scholars across the Muslim world and has translated and published over 30 works.[2][5][6] In 2009, he was listed amongst The 500 Most Influential Muslims.[2][7][1] He has been a teacher on the traditional online Qibla Islamic institute (formerly SunniPath)[7][1] and is a contributor to the website eshaykh.com, which offers guidance and traditional teachings on various aspects of Islam.[15] He is currently chief editor of the Integrated Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān (IEQ).[13][7][8] Opposition to Salafism Haddad is a staunch defender of the traditional Islamic schools of law[16] and an opponent of Salafism-Wahhabism.[11][17] Jonathan A. C. Brown has noted Haddad to be an orthodox Sunni who has penned abrasive polemics against Salafism and mounted vigorous defense of traditional Islamic law.[9][18] He has published a complete translation of Qadi Ibn Jahbal al-Dimashqi's refutation of Ibn Taymiyya's Al-`Aqidat al-Hamawiyat al-Kubra ("The creed of the great people of Hama") as well as a primer on contemporary Salafism titled Albani and his Friends.[11][3][19] He has criticized the Islamic Circle of North America (ICNA), the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA), and the World Assembly of Muslim Youth for promoting Salafism.[17] He has also written a critique of Deobandi scholar Mufti Taqi Usmani's fatwa against the celebration of Muhammad's birthday (Mawlid).[11] WorksGibril Haddad has written hundreds of articles[13] and written, translated and published many books including:[13][1][12]
References
External links
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
