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fact of being influenced from within a system. In an economic model, an exogenous change is one that comes from outside the model and is unexplained by...

market-clearing (and thus endogenous) level of output depending on the exogenously imposed level of interest rates, since interest rates affect the physical...

Exogenous bacteria are microorganisms introduced to closed biological systems from the external world.[citation needed] They exist in aquatic and terrestrial...

Exogenous lactate, sometimes referred to as Exolactate, is L-lactate that is supplied to the body from an external source, typically as an oral supplement...

The immune system's response to exogenous antigens is often subclinical. By endocytosis or phagocytosis, exogenous antigens are taken into the antigen-presenting...

Exogenous ketones are a class of ketone bodies that are ingested using nutritional supplements or foods. This class of ketone bodies refers mainly to...

Obesity is a medical condition, considered a disease by multiple organizations, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can...

Adjustment disorder is a mental disorder defined by a maladaptive response to a psychosocial stressor. The maladaptive response usually involves otherwise...

endogenous Cushing's syndrome, when excluding Cushing's syndrome from exogenously administered corticosteroids. The equine version of this disease is pituitary...

Exogenous DNA is DNA originating outside the organism of concern or study. Exogenous DNA can be found naturally in the form of partially degraded fragments...

ethinylestradiol is an exogenous synthetic estrogen, commonly used in birth control pills. In contrast, exogenous substances and exogenous processes are those...

oxidase deficiency. It may also occur as an acquired condition, known as *exogenous ochronosis*, resulting from prolonged topical application or systemic...

number of workers, i.e. labor, as well as the level of technology grow exogenously at rates n {\displaystyle n} and g {\displaystyle g} , respectively:...

inhalation of oil. Sources of these lipoids could be either exogenous or endogenous. Exogenous lipoid pneumonia refers to lipoid pneumonia caused by something...

that money is created endogenously by the banking sector, rather than exogenously by central bank lending; it is a theory of endogenous money. It is also...

interest rate is exogenously determined by the world interest rate, shows stark differences from the closed economy model. Consider an exogenous increase in...

to their disruption of the endocrine system. The name given to these exogenous (coming from an external source) hormones is endocrine disruptors, due...

salts and phospholipids Detoxification, modification, and excretion of exogenous and endogenous substances Initiation of formation and secretion of bile[citation...

can be driven by external (exogenous) or internal (endogenous) processes. External signals do not operate purely exogenously; they will capture attention...

2011. Retrieved September 4, 2011. Fuerst, Franz (September 7, 2005). "Exogenous Shocks and Real Estate Rental Markets: An Event Study of the 9/11 Attacks...

to native E. coli promoters. Therefore the T7-RNAP only transcribes (exogenously introduced) genes that are regulated by a T7 promoter. The LacUV5 promoter...

functions as a hormone and antioxidant, melatonin is also administered exogenously as a dietary supplement and medication. Melatonin is used medically primarily...

including all electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, hormones; and any exogenous substances (e.g., drugs, microorganisms). Serum also does not contain...

Y=AK.} In neo-classical growth models, the long-run rate of growth is exogenously determined by either the savings rate (the Harrod–Domar model) or the...

Exogenous (April 12, 1998 – November 2, 2001) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse and the winner of the 2001 Beldame Stakes. Bred and raced by Vernon...

within the economic model (endogenous) from those that are predetermined (exogenous). Ignoring simultaneity in estimation leads to biased and inconsistent...

errors (endogenous vagrancy) and external causes such as severe weather (exogenous vagrancy). Vagrancy events may lead to colonisation and eventually to...

the cellular process of mitosis.[citation needed] They are produced exogenously. The two new haploid cells are genetically identical to the haploid parent...

result of the interactions of other economic variables, rather than exogenously (autonomously) by an external authority such as a central bank. The theoretical...

modeling, a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model (NARX) is a nonlinear autoregressive model which has exogenous inputs. This means that the model relates...

(1,4-BD). Like 1,4-BD, it also behaves as a prodrug to GHB when taken exogenously. However, as with all aliphatic aldehydes, γ-hydroxybutaldehyde is caustic...

government spending). The main transmission channels through which adverse exogenous shocks could impact the Moldovan economy are remittances (also due to...

following generation. These endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), contrasted with exogenous ones, now make up 5–8% of the human genome. Most insertions have no known...

_{b}} are the parameters of the exogenous input d t {\displaystyle d_{t}} . Some nonlinear variants of models with exogenous variables have been defined:...

wide variety of biological processes including the detoxification of exogenously and endogenously generated aldehydes. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is a polymorphic...

which do not retain TTX when raised in captivity and thus acquires TTX exogenously, A. oxyrhynchus maintains its toxicity when raised in captivity. This...

biology interested in the study of the interactions of both endogenous and exogenous chemical substances with living organisms. In particular, pharmacodynamics...

positively with subjective response to amphetamine, and one study found that exogenously administered estrogen enhanced the discriminative stimulus effects of...

is the result of the same optimization except that capital usage K is exogenously given by past physical investment rather than being a choice variable...

fruits, causes changes in the flavor composition of mango fruits upon exogenous application, as well. In contrast to the huge amount of information available...

mechanism to promote water reabsorption. Both of those are also used exogenously as medications in people whose bodies need extra help with fluid balance...

commonly associated with elevated cortisol, and may be early indicators of exogenous or endogenous Cushing's. Depression and anxiety disorders are also common...

macroeconomic models in which movements in economic aggregates are driven by exogenously assumed shocks. Since Goodwin's publication in 1967, the model has been...

body express proteins of the innate immune system, and upon exposure to exogenous long RNA molecules, these proteins initiate signaling cascades that result...

m-Tyramine p-Tyramine Others Cyclohexylamine Isoamylamine Trimethylamine Exogenous 2C-B 2C-B-Fly 2C-E 2C-H 2C-P 2C-T-7 A-77636 2-Aminoindane Amphetamine...

antigen presentation involves the exogenous pathway of antigen processing. Cross-presentation involves parts of the exogenous and the endogenous pathways but...

dysfunction in the reproductive years: The influence of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 5(10), 2282–2290. doi:10...

economic models posit structural parameters. A model may have various exogenous variables, and those variables may change to create various responses...

supplement in many countries. It has been traditionally thought that exogenous GABA (i.e., taken as a supplement) does not cross the blood–brain barrier...

drug combining several amphetamine salts indicated for the treatment of exogenous obesity. It was originally sold by the American company Obetrol Pharmaceuticals...

Long-term or inappropriate use of hydroquinone has been associated with exogenous ochronosis, an uncommon but often treatment-resistant dyschromia involving...

(alimentary thyrotoxicosis, exogenous thyrotoxicosis) is a condition of thyrotoxicosis caused by the ingestion of exogenous thyroid hormone. It can be...

m-Tyramine p-Tyramine Others Cyclohexylamine Isoamylamine Trimethylamine Exogenous 2C-B 2C-B-Fly 2C-E 2C-H 2C-P 2C-T-7 A-77636 2-Aminoindane Amphetamine...

demand, e.g.: An exogenous increase in consumer spending An exogenous increase in investment spending on physical capital An exogenous increase in intended...

Additional DNA damages can arise from exposure to exogenous agents. Tobacco smoke causes increased exogenous DNA damage, and these DNA damages are the likely...

additionally that Y is exogenous, being independently determined by other factors, that V is constant, and that M is exogenous and under the control of...

believing in internal causes. The view of the economic cycle as caused exogenously dates to Say's law, and much debate on endogeneity or exogeneity of causes...

surgery in the case of tumors, lower doses of estrogen in the case of exogenously-mediated estrogen excess, and estrogen-suppressing medications like...

amino acids are not normally required in the diet, but must be supplied exogenously to specific populations that do not synthesize it in adequate amounts...

"Visible Light Mediated Controlled Radical Polymerization in the Absence of Exogenous Radical Sources or Catalysts" (PDF). Macromolecules. 48 (12): 3864–3872...

either endogenous agonists (such as hormones and neurotransmitters) or exogenous agonists (such as drugs), resulting in a biological response. A physiological...

Prebiotics are compounds in food that foster growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The most common environment concerning...

formation, see erythropoietin). They may be synthesized and administered exogenously. However, such molecules can at a latter stage be detected, since they...

names over 130 years, the authors have identified only five cases of exogenous effects, three of them are connected to the names given to the babies...

response functions are used to describe how the economy reacts over time to exogenous impulses, which economists usually call shocks, and are often modeled...

initiate gene silencing and SIRT1-dependent onset of DNA methylation in an exogenous promoter CpG island". PLOS Genetics. 4 (8) e1000155. doi:10.1371/journal...

2024-06-30. Chien PK, Rice MA (1985). "Autoradiographic localization of exogenously supplied amino acids after uptake by the polychaete, Glycera dibranchiata...

progress. The reason these models are called "exogenous" growth models is the saving rate is taken to be exogenously given. Subsequent work derives savings behavior...

Unfortunately, the seed mix was representative of coastal sage scrub, an exogenous plant community, instead of the native dune scrub community. As a result...

(that is, either increasing or decreasing) when there is a change in the exogenous parameters. Traditionally, comparative results in economics are obtained...

numerical example of cost-plus pricing, where prices are determined by an exogenously set markup. Cost × (1 + Markup) = Sale price or solved for Markup = (Sale...

is consistent for the level-one fixed effects when the regressors are exogenous and forms perfect colinearity (rank condition), consistent for the variance...

PMID 19948186. Fig. 2. Synthetic and metabolic pathways for endogenous and exogenously administered trace amines and sympathomimetic amines ... Trace amines...

The following squads were named for the 1928 Summer Olympics tournament. Head coach: José Lago Millán Head coach: Victor Löwenfelt Head coach: Frank Powell...

(including the vestibular areas of the cerebral cortex).[citation needed] Exogenous substances that cause ataxia mainly do so because they have a depressant...

more susceptible to virulent – and even normally avirulent – pathogens. Exogenously, salicylic acid can aid plant development via enhanced seed germination...

tissue (causing neurotoxicity). Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological insults that can adversely affect function in both...

cheilitis can be either acute or chronic. Most cheilitis is caused by exogenous factors such as dryness (chapping) and acute sun exposure. Allergic tests...

are normally produced in the human body, most of the banned drug are exogenous drugs chemically produced. These types of drugs were used extensively...

exogenous (or peripheral), or endogenous. Inhibition of return results from oculomotor activation, regardless of whether it was produced by exogenous...

have a high capability for efficient repair of DNA damage, particularly exogenously induced double-strand breaks. DNA repair capability appears to be a key...

originate from inside the cell or can be exogenously introduced into the cell. Once introduced into the cell, exogenous siRNAs are processed by the RNA-induced...

Anthony (2023-05-04). "Electrically Stimulated Gene Expression under Exogenously Applied Electric Fields". Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. 10. doi:10...

Hypothesis that V1 creates a bottom-up saliency map to guide attention exogenously. With attentional selection as a center stage, vision is seen as composed...

radiation can lead to destruction of ACTH-producing tissue. Exogenous corticosteroid use: Exogenous corticosteroids suppress the stimulation of the hypothalamus...

saliency map of the visual field to guide visual attention or gaze shifts exogenously. V1SH is the only theory so far to not only endow V1 a very important...

Contemporary ways of policy-making or decision-making may depend on exogenously-driven shocks that "undermine institutionally entrenched policy equilibria"...

sharp blades through the cuts to disrupt the proteins. Also, solutions of exogenous proteolytic enzymes (papain, bromelin or ficin) can be applied or injected...

how much an endogenous variable changes in response to a change in some exogenous variable. For example, suppose variable x changes by k units, which causes...

162-game suspension from Major League Baseball after testing positive for exogenous testosterone. The suspension marked his second violation of MLB's performance-enhancing...

Na+/K+-ATPase can be pharmacologically modified by administering drugs exogenously. Its expression can also be modified through hormones such as triiodothyronine...

her kittens. As it is an indispensable amino acid, it must be provided exogenously through the diet at 10 mg per kg of bodyweight, each day. Taurine deficiency...

resilience engineering. There are many ways to categorize human error: exogenous versus endogenous error (i.e., originating outside versus inside the individual)...

pathways, exogenous and endogenous, depending in large part on whether the lipoprotein particles in question are composed chiefly of dietary (exogenous) lipids...

efficiency refers to the ability of a cell to take up and incorporate exogenous DNA, such as plasmids, during a process called transformation. The efficiency...

hydrogen cyanide upon activation of their opioid receptors by endogenous or exogenous opioids. They have also shown that neuronal production of HCN activates...

constructed and changeable; identities are not static and cannot be exogenously assumed- i.e. interpreted by reference to outside influences alone. Similar...

cortex and during first-pass metabolism in the liver and intestines when exogenous DHEA is administered orally. Levels of DHEA-S in circulation are approximately...

origin and the migration one (proposed by G. F. Debets), arguing for an exogenous origin. According to genetic studies in 2023, the following haplogroups...

are observed after adrenalectomy (low-glucocorticoid state) or after exogenous glucocorticoid administration (high-glucocorticoid state). Elevated levels...

via carrier molecules like MHC molecules. Helper T cells can recognize exogenous antigen presented on MHC class II; cytotoxic T cells can recognize endogenous...

organism in the context of inflammation for the purpose of defending against exogenous factors. These include a wide variety of different toxins, viruses, intra-...

Exogenous testosterone CSAD January 30, 2025 Walt Harris The Big Ticket Heavyweight July 11, 2023 4 years Drostanolone and its metabolites, exogenous...

production predominates in adulthood. It is homologous with thrombopoietin. Exogenous erythropoietin, recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), is produced...

dormant at the junction of the stem and petiole of a plant. It arises exogenously from outer layer of cortex of the stem. Axillary buds do not become actively...

(COMT) may be referred to as dopaminergic as well. Also, any endogenous or exogenous chemical substance that acts to affect dopamine receptors or dopamine...

Friedman and monetarist economists claimed that the money supply was exogenously created by a powerful central bank, Kaldor claimed that the money was...

cannabinoids, generated naturally inside the body (endocannabinoids) or exogenously, normally through cannabis or a related synthetic compound. Research...

Autonomous consumption (also exogenous consumption, autonomous spending) is the consumption expenditure that occurs when income levels are zero. Such...

shape risk, loss, and recovery. Rather than treating a disaster as an exogenous shock to an otherwise level playing field, this approach analyzes how...

can be divided into two major attentional systems: exogenous control and endogenous control. Exogenous control works in a bottom-up manner and is responsible...

also promoted a distinction between endogenous (internally caused) and exogenous (externally caused) types. Other psycho-dynamic theories were proposed...

initiating immune responses. Antigens presented by MHC class II molecules are exogenous, originating from extracellular proteins rather than cytosolic and endogenous...

book editions for wealthy customers. Empirical evidence derived from the exogenous differential introduction of author's right (Italian: diritto d'autore)...

Gustav Cassel in 1924. The Harrod–Domar model was the precursor to the exogenous growth model. Neoclassical economists claimed shortcomings in the Harrod–Domar...

Typically, after GnRH agonists have induced a state of hypoestrogenism, exogenous FSH is given to stimulate ovarian follicle, followed by human chorionic...

could be caused by changes in trait distribution from genetic loading, exogenous environmental changes in the fitness landscape, or feedback in eco-plasticity...

transporter (NET). (In this it competes with norepinephrine so can potentiate exogenously applied norepinephrine.) It becomes concentrated in norepinephrine transmitter...

transformation. Thus S. mitis cells are able to take up exogenous DNA and incorporate exogenous sequence information into their genome by homologous recombination...

activates BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), not activating apoptosis. Exogenous excitotoxins refer to neurotoxins that also act at postsynaptic cells...

integration in surrounding societies. Practitioners promoted the study of exogenous culture, style and language as well as the adoption of modern values....

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

"Hummingbirds can fuel expensive hovering flight completely with either exogenous glucose or fructose". Functional Ecology. 28 (3): 589–600. Bibcode:2014FuEco...

mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor agonist. In comparison to other exogenous glucocorticoids, methylprednisolone has a higher affinity to glucocorticoid...

forecast error variance of each of the variables can be explained by exogenous shocks to the other variables. For the VAR (p) of form y t = ν + A 1 y...

the hypothalamus is not producing TRH. Therefore, when TRH is given exogenously, TSH levels increase. If the increase in serum TSH level following TRH...

drought, temperature, and other external environmental conditions; and exogenous sources of PGRs, e.g., externally applied and of rhizospheric origin....

instead of moving to another location in the genome, they can become exogenous or pathogenic. This means that not all ERVs may have originated as an...

germination index and germination percentage after administration of exogenous glutamine to plants. Seed quality deteriorates with age, and this is associated...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

promotes myogenic proliferation, differentiation, and cell fusion [7]. ... Exogenous HMB-FA administration has shown to increase intramuscular anabolic signaling...

testosterone, is not currently known to have common adverse effects of exogenous testosterone replacement therapy, such as reduced spermatogenesis or infertility...

jpubeco.2024.105192. hdl:10419/278985. Smith, Chris M. (October 2020). "Exogenous Shocks, the Criminal Elite, and Increasing Gender Inequality in Chicago...

with colleagues Gerard Marbaix and John Gurdon discovered the oocyte exogenous mRNA expression system – a system that not only reveals aspects of the...

A, Kaczara P, Tworzydlo A, Napiorkowski M, Sidoryk K; et al. (2021). "Exogenous Vitamins K Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects Dissociated from Their Role...

Transformation is one of three processes for horizontal gene transfer, in which exogenous genetic material passes from one bacterium to another, the other two being...

(e.g., seeing images with closed eyes, hearing music in the head) and exogenous phenomena (e.g., seeing power bars above people's head, hearing sounds...

DNA polymerase. Limiting this process can be achieved by administering exogenous glutamine to plants. The decrease in the level of expression of genes...

increased complexity renders the CYP3A4 gene more sensitive to endogenous and exogenous pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) ligands...

40 bacterial species. For a bacterium to bind, take up, and recombine exogenous DNA into its chromosome, it must enter a special physiological state referred...

Mediators and Drugs in Gastrointestinal Motility II: Endogenous and Exogenous Agents. Springer Science & Business Media. 6 December 2012. pp. 290–....

artificial source, synthesize vitamin D in the skin. Minerals are the exogenous chemical elements indispensable for life. Although the four elements carbon...

two major categories based on what part of the seed produces dormancy: exogenous and endogenous. There are three types of inherent dormancy based on their...

Transformation is one of three processes for horizontal gene transfer, in which exogenous genetic material passes from a donor bacterium to a recipient bacterium...

inhibitory hormone somatostatin, making it difficult to overdose, unlike exogenous rhGH (a synthetic version of human GH). This interaction with somatostatin...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

cell cycle. Since transcription enhances the accessibility of DNA to exogenous chemicals and internal metabolites that can cause recombinogenic lesions...

high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists"...

4,5-T), have been developed and used for weed control. However, some exogenously synthesized auxins, especially 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric...

gun or biolistic particle delivery system is a device used to deliver exogenous DNA (transgenes), RNA, or protein to cells. By coating particles of a...

Knife-edge is "equilibrium that exists only for exact values of the exogenous variables. If you vary the variables in even the slightest way, knife-edge...

mother axis, such as pericycle. In contrast, stem-branches and leaves are exogenous, i.e., they start to develop from the cortex, an outer layer. In response...

Kerkhof DL, van der Meijden PE, Hackeng TM, Dijkgraaf I (25 March 2021). "Exogenous Integrin αIIbβ3 Inhibitors Revisited: Past, Present and Future Applications"...

consensus holds that these migratory processes, far from being a single exogenous event, have complex historical antecedents that continue to influence...

(1994). "Processing of urushiol (poison ivy) hapten by both endogenous and exogenous pathways for presentation to T cells in vitro". Journal of Clinical Investigation...

cooperatively act on Sertoli cells in the testes to support sperm production. Exogenous androgen supplements can be used as a male contraceptive. Elevated androgen...

active vent is El Caliente. The dome growth has been both endogenous and exogenous. The former implies dome interior expansion to accommodate new lava and...

trophoblast-related pregnancy disorders like early-onset preeclampsia. Exogenous DAO (supplements) are being studied as complementary treatment for the...

metabolic breakdown rather than pharmacodynamic inactivity. Although exogenous phenethylamine on its own is inactive, its metabolism can be strongly...

saliva, and more. Changes in the oral microbiome are due to endogenous and exogenous factors like host lifestyle, genotype, environment, immune system, and...

has been reported to be a very poor anabolic agent when administered exogenously as a medication. In addition to normal biological functions, DHT also...

synonyms. Often, seed dormancy is divided into four major categories: exogenous; endogenous; combinational; and secondary. A more recent system distinguishes...

and internalize exogenous DNA and transport it into an oocyte during fertilization to produce genetically modified animals.1 Exogenous DNA refers to DNA...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

uncertainty can be categorized as 'exogenous' when the origin of the risk is external to the supply-chain network. Exogenous uncertainties can be further categorized;...

allopregnanolone, as well as, more distantly, THDOC, when administered exogenously, has been found to behave as a prodrug to these neurosteroids, with clinical...

the process of oxidative deamination also includes replication errors exogenous damage caused by external agents such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation (200–400...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

Endogenous conditions, such as schizophrenia, particularly catatonic subtype. Exogenous factors, including infectious diseases (e.g., encephalitis), intoxication...

away from atrophy. The adrenal glands atrophy during prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoids like prednisone. Atrophy of the breasts can occur with...

functionality in most individuals, becoming active only in the presence of exogenously administered opioid receptor agonists or with stimulation by endogenous...

in other models (e.g. climate change models) and was often taken as an exogenous factor. These days technological change is more often included as an endogenous...

without any need of an external entity to manage them. (absence of the exogenous 'Divine entity' in Jainism) Jainism advocates that a soul attracts karmic...

haplogroup J1, which, given its absence in Indian non-Muslims is likely of exogenous Middle Eastern origin. There are 18 per cent belonging mainly to haplogroup...

endogenous and a normal part of the body's control and others are obtained exogenously through pharmaceutical drugs or diet. While angiogenesis is a critical...

independent variables, and not dependent variables, are called 'exogenous'. Graphically, these exogenous variable boxes lie at outside edges of the model and have...

balances. Particularly, since the sustainable CA position is defined as an exogenous value, this approach has been broadly questioned over time. By contrast...

accelerated ketone production but may also be caused by consumption of exogenous ketones or precursors. When glycogen and blood glucose reserves are low...

proteins and polysaccharides, or the induction of 'competence' for uptake of exogenous DNA for consumption, with the occasional side-effect that new genetic...

A testicle, also called testis (pl. testes) is the male gonad in all gonochoric animals, including humans, and is homologous to the ovary, which is the...

(clotting) and all the electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, hormones and any exogenous substances, such as drugs and microorganisms. Seroma Shidham, Vinod B...

be caused by minute amounts of MPP+-like compounds from ingestion or exogenously through repeated exposure and that these substances are too minute to...

{\displaystyle \mathbf {x} _{\cdot j}} , which are known as regressors, exogenous variables, explanatory variables, covariates, input variables, predictor...

realistic one of the central bank determining the policy interest rate as an exogenous variable directly. Today, the IS–LM model is largely absent from macroeconomic...

change was assumed to occur exogenously—that is, it was assumed to occur outside economic activities, and was outside (exogenous) to common economic models...

this obstacle is overcome by addition of the helper plasmids, which exogenously expresses replication genes which AAV itself lacks. As a dependovirus...

latter being an exogenous variable, and might specify the quantity supplied by producers as a function S of its price and two exogenous resource cost variables...

to 12 kg (2.2 to 26.5 lb). At the larval stage, month-old burbot begin exogenous feeding, consuming food through the mouth and digesting in the intestines...

and learning-by-doing that are endogenously determined, rather than the exogenous technological improvement used to explain growth in Solow's model. Another...

hepatic gluconeogenesis via conversion to succinyl-CoA. Additionally, exogenous propionic acid administration results in more endogenous glucose production...

economic philosophy. Those who believe the money supply is controlled exogenously by a central bank may attribute an 'expansionary monetary policy' to...

(CTLs). However, class I MHC can also present peptides generated from exogenous proteins, in a process known as cross-presentation. A normal cell will...

example, in the case of lung cancer, DNA damage is caused by agents in exogenous genotoxic tobacco smoke (e.g. acrolein, formaldehyde, acrylonitrile, 1...

It cannot be determined how these molecules were made. They could be exogenous (e.g., meteoritic, cometary, or interplanetary dust particles) or endogenous...

secondarily technological learning rates, future crude oil prices, and similar exogenous inputs. The model results are far from encouraging. In no case did aggregate...

physiological activities, pathological reactions, and environmental (exogenous) influences. This diagnostic capacity is extensively used in traditional...

concentration camps, with the possibility of unknowingly administered exogenous hormones which resulted in 98% of women losing their ability to menstruate...

trout populations are very susceptible to damage by the introduction of exogenous species. Many lacustrine populations of brook trout have been extirpated...

tuberculosis), Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), administration of exogenous surfactants (in some studies) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation...

Cross-presentation is of particular importance, because it permits the presentation of exogenous antigens, which are normally presented by MHC II on the surface of dendritic...

m-Tyramine p-Tyramine Others Cyclohexylamine Isoamylamine Trimethylamine Exogenous 2C-B 2C-B-Fly 2C-E 2C-H 2C-P 2C-T-7 A-77636 2-Aminoindane Amphetamine...

cell migration, they have antiangiogenic effects. They are endogenous or exogenous. The most notorious endogenous metalloproteinases are tissue inhibitors...

In genetics, crosslinking of DNA occurs when various exogenous or endogenous agents react with two nucleotides of DNA, forming a covalent linkage between...

production, and consequently, consumers will more often encounter meat exogenously spoiled by bacteria or fungi after the death of the animal. One source...

whether they emphasise on variables that are exogenous or endogenous. The first searches for exogenous factors, such as significant news events, that...

in which the APC first encountered the antigen. Dendritic cells engulf exogenous pathogens, such as bacteria, parasites or toxins in the tissues and then...

Compounds that mediate the above mechanisms may be grouped as endogenous and exogenous. The vasodilating action of activation of beta-2 receptors (such as by...

; Upton, P. B.; Nakamura, J.; Starr, T. B. (2011). "Endogenous versus Exogenous DNA Adducts: Their Role in Carcinogenesis, Epidemiology, and Risk Assessment"...

Mehling LM, Spottke A, Maas A, Thevis M, et al. (2015). "Measurement of exogenous gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in urine using isotope ratio mass spectrometry...

represent the state as a whole. Social movements are thus determined by an exogenous set of circumstances. The proletariat must also, according to Marx, go...

released into the blood stream. Foreign-body embolism happens when exogenous—and only exogenous—materials such as talc enter the blood stream and cause occlusion...

theory sees business cycle fluctuations as the efficient response to exogenous changes in the real economic environment. That is, the level of national...

factor for osteoporosis. Smoking also results in increased breakdown of exogenous estrogen, lower body weight and earlier menopause, all of which contribute...

individuals reporting sleep paralysis, there is almost no blocking of exogenous stimuli, which means it is much easier for a stimulus to arouse the individual...

control. For these models, the acronyms are extended with a final "X" for "exogenous". Time-varying autoregressive (TVAR) models are especially useful for...

Numerous studies have revealed that hydroquinone, if taken orally, can cause exogenous ochronosis, a disfiguring disease in which blue-black pigments are deposited...

positions or merely choose from existing policy stances. They found that an exogenous shift in the voter base does not alter candidates' positions. For instance...

positively or negatively. Technically, it is an unpredictable change in exogenous factors—that is, factors unexplained by an economic model—which may influence...

in concluding that exogenous insulin had caused Sunny's comas ... Our defense was becoming single focused: there was no exogenous insulin involved in...

actual fiscal deficit. A task that is difficult to achieve without an exogenous eurozone-wide economic boom. According to the Europlus Monitor Report...

m-Tyramine p-Tyramine Others Cyclohexylamine Isoamylamine Trimethylamine Exogenous 2C-B 2C-B-Fly 2C-E 2C-H 2C-P 2C-T-7 A-77636 2-Aminoindane Amphetamine...

human-made, nonphysical elements – norms, beliefs, organizations, and rules – exogenous to each individual whose behavior it influences that generates behavioral...

the selection of seeds by ants for their ant gardens and the pruning of exogenous vegetation as well as plant protection by ants. Some animal species also...

dopamine (DA) production from serotonergic (5HT) neurons that convert exogenous levodopa to DA as a false neurotransmitter, the remaining DA neurons are...

saccades can be further subcategorized: A reflexive saccade is triggered exogenously by the appearance of a peripheral stimulus, or by the disappearance of...

endogenous, i.e. produced within the organism, but organisms usually also need exogenous biomolecules, for example certain nutrients, to survive. Biomolecules...

more or less of a good even if the good's own price remained unchanged (exogenous changes). Some of the more important factors are the prices of related...

Causal connections among the exogenous variables are not explicitly modeled but are usually acknowledged by modeling the exogenous variables as freely correlating...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

result from endogenous and exogenous factors. Endogenous factors involve fetal inability to adequately move, whereas exogenous factors refer to insufficient...

given some constraints. By the assumptions of increasing marginal costs, exogenous inputs' prices, and control concentrated on a single agent or entrepreneur...

syndrome or Hyaline Membrane Disease are also sometimes treated with exogenously derived surfactant. One of the more common uses of surfactant therapy...

undergo cell death via thymineless death. Calcium folinate provides an exogenous source of reduced folinates and hence stabilises the 5-FU-TS complex,...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

excessive amount of a ligand, either from endogenous mediators or from exogenous drugs. This results in ligand-induced desensitization or internalization...

reversible or not, and isolated or cumulative. Disturbances include exogenous factors such as flooding or drought. Humans are disturbing and damaging...

the first models of economic growth (Solow model, Harrod–Domar model), exogenously given parameters like the "savings rate" and the "rate of technological...

central visual field. An exogenous cue is presented outside the center of focus, usually highlighting the left or right box. An exogenous cue can also be an...

Ticket Heavyweight July 11, 2023 4 years Drostanolone and its metabolites, exogenous testosterone, and Anastrozole CSAD July 11, 2027 Parted with UFC as of...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

the effect of exercise on blood sugar can be challenging to predict. Exogenous insulin can drive down blood sugar, leaving those with diabetes at risk...

a system defined by unequal relationships (like colonialism) where an exogenous collective aims to locally and permanently replace indigenous ones (unlike...

receptors to produce beneficial effects on sleep, therefore being used exogenously for mild insomnia. A small improvement in sleep onset and total sleep...

the archaeal species unable to synthesize purines are able to acquire exogenous purines for growth., and are thus similar to purine mutants of eukaryotes...

degree of effect in comparison to a standard, etc.). If the assay involves exogenous reactants (the reagents), then their quantities are kept fixed (or in...

m-Tyramine p-Tyramine Others Cyclohexylamine Isoamylamine Trimethylamine Exogenous 2C-B 2C-B-Fly 2C-E 2C-H 2C-P 2C-T-7 A-77636 2-Aminoindane Amphetamine...

The default effect, a concept within the study of nudge theory, explains the tendency for an agent to generally accept the default option in a strategic...

(mouse) hosts. Some MLVs may infect other vertebrates. MLVs include both exogenous and endogenous viruses. Replicating MLVs have a positive sense, single-stranded...

suspended for two years after a urine sample he submitted tested positive for exogenous administration of testosterone and its precursors in two out-of-competition...

invariant" whereas the value of reduced-form parameter can depend on exogenously determined parameters set by public policy makers. The distinction between...

reacts to antigens that are associated with immune system activation by exogenous or endogenous danger signals. In turn, clonal expansion of antigen-specific...

quality or did not find a correlation. Most studies treat family size as an exogenous variable because parents choose childbearing and child outcome, and therefore...

endogenous and exogenous processes, respectively [...] endogenous forces mainly defining the developments below Earth's crust and the exogenous forces mainly...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

fungal infections may be induced by both commensal opportunistic fungi and exogenous pathogenic fungi. The IFI in different GI sites has its special clinical...

Scheele D (September 2021). "Sex differences in economic decision-making: Exogenous estradiol has opposing effects on fairness framing in women and men"....

that exogenous GABA did not penetrate the blood–brain barrier, however more current research indicates that it may be possible, or that exogenous GABA...

factor (EF) in complex with calmodulin in the presence of 10 millimolar exogenously added calcium chloride 1xfy: Crystal structure of anthrax edema factor...

Intestinal gas is composed of varying quantities of exogenous sources and endogenous sources. The exogenous gases are swallowed (aerophagia) when eating or...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

with isosorbide mononitrate alone. Concomitant administration of other exogenous sources of sulfhydryl groups such as methionine and captopril may produce...

Bożena; Szcześniak, Ewa; Ciołek-Zdun, Monika; Fall, Andrzej (2012). "Exogenous lipoid pneumonia – a case report of a fire-eater". Polish Journal of Radiology...

motility produced by contraction. Serotonin that acts on the crop is exogenous to the crop itself and 2012 research suggested that it probably originated...

extrinsic factors like nutrition, environment, and the supplementation of exogenous hormones. The gestation period averages 112–120 days. Estrus lasts two...

characteristics in hypoprolactinemic infertile men treated with metoclopramide and exogenous human prolactin". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 58 (3): 354–9...

researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The initial exogenous phospholipid used in PTT testing was Cephalin. Thromboplastin "KCCT -...

m-Tyramine p-Tyramine Others Cyclohexylamine Isoamylamine Trimethylamine Exogenous 2C-B 2C-B-Fly 2C-E 2C-H 2C-P 2C-T-7 A-77636 2-Aminoindane Amphetamine...

gene products. For a recipient bacterium to bind, take up, and recombine exogenous DNA into its chromosome, it must become competent, that is, enter a special...

Chang J, et al. (August 2009). "Structural comparison of chromosomal and exogenous dihydrofolate reductase from Staphylococcus aureus in complex with the...

originating from the oral and gastrointestinal bacterial flora, and exogenous, originating from breached skin following trauma. The organisms causing...

desire. Another hormone thought to influence sexual desire is oxytocin. Exogenous administration of moderate amounts of oxytocin has been found to stimulate...

improve iron nutrition during the weaning period". Dephytinization by exogenous phytase to phytate-containing food is an approach being investigated to...

which synchronize biological rhythms. In addition, he found that certain exogenous (external) cues, which he called zeitgeber, influence the timing of these...

users were 53.4 (0.4), 53.9 (0.6) and 53.9 (0.7) mg/dL, respectively]. Exogenous anabolic androgenic steroids, particularly 17α-alkylated anabolic steroids...

resistance of host rice cultivars to the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani . Exogenous application of 2,4-DTBP has also been shown to provide similar protective...

whether the condition is caused by an endogenous or exogenous mechanism. For people with suspected exogenous endophthalmitis, a biopsy (vitreous tap) and treatment...

out onto the road, in turn allowing the driver to take evasive action. Exogenous cues can also be irrelevant, and often dangerous, leading to distraction...

not peptides, codeine and morphine are also produced in the human body. Exogenous opioid substances are called exorphins, as opposed to endorphins. Exorphins...

problem is a common issue in "structural estimation." Typically, data on exogenous variables (that is, variables other than price and quantity, both of which...

hair growth), deepening of the voice, and other signs of virilization. Exogenous testosterone may cause suppression of spermatogenesis in men, leading...

Reviews. 9 (1): 25–39. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2004.05.002. PMID 15649736. Exogenous melatonin has acute sleepiness-inducing and temperature-lowering effects...

thrombosis (DVT), respiratory or cardiac failure, and history of or current exogenous estrogen use can increase risk of developing thrombophlebitis.Those with...

endogenous PAM Oleamide – endogenous PAM Zn2+ – endogenous NAM AM-2201 – exogenous PAM The 5-HT1A receptor is coded by the HTR1A gene. There are several...

developed. Well absorbed, and relatively free of toxicity, it is both a direct GABA receptor agonist as well as an exogenous source of GABA. [...] v t e...

severity and number of infections due to the passive immunity granted by the exogenous antibodies. Affects males 50% of the time if mother is a carrier for the...

profile. There is no clear known explanation for the accumulation of IgA. Exogenous antigens for IgA have not been identified in the kidney, but this antigen...

genetic recombination in three main ways: Transformation, the uptake of exogenous DNA from the surrounding environment. Transduction, the virus-mediated...

initiate gene silencing and SIRT1-dependent onset of DNA methylation in an exogenous promoter CpG island". PLOS Genetics. 4 (8) e1000155. doi:10.1371/journal...

decidualized endometrium due to exogenous progesterone. H&E stain. Micrograph of decidualized endometrium due to exogenous progesterone. H&E stain. Micrograph...

cause less stimulation of endogenous insulin secretion or lower dose of exogenous insulin that results in diabetic ketoacidosis. They can specifically cause...

Settler colonialism is "a specific mode of domination where a community of exogenous settlers permanently displaces to a new locale, eliminates or displaces...

sexual reproduction. For a bacterium to bind, take up, and recombine exogenous DNA into its chromosome, it must enter a special physiological state termed...

previous RNAi machinery that was initially used as a defense against exogenous genetic material such as viruses. Their origin may have permitted the...

speG abrogates the unique hypersensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to exogenous polyamines". Molecular Microbiology. 82 (1). Wiley: 9–20. doi:10.1111/j...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

side effect common among androgens. In an attempt to compensate for the exogenous increase in androgens, the body may reduce testosterone production via...

aiding neuronal survival in vitro, an effect that is reversed by applying exogenous NMN which promptly resumed axon destruction. The similar molecule nicotinic...

(2011). Haber and Menaldo argue that "natural resource reliance is not an exogenous variable" and find that when tests of the relationship between natural...

(2021-02-01). "Meat tenderization mechanism and the impact of plant exogenous proteases: A review". Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 14 (2) 102967. doi:10...

Vow, Pupil, and Uncoupled. Fillies/Mares: Banshee Breeze, Halfbridled, Exogenous, Santa Catarina, Surya, Lady Ballade, Happily Unbridled, Boom Town Girl...

in price or the amount of output bought and sold — until there is an exogenous shift in supply or demand (such as changes in technology or tastes). That...

epigenesis, epigenetics, epigone, erogenous, Eugene, eugenic, eugenics, exogenous, gametogenesis, gene, genealogy, genesis, genetic, genocide, genotype...

time-invariant ones. The above discussion has parallel to the exogenous case of RE and FE models. In the exogenous case, RE assumes uncorrelatedness between explanatory...

multiple times per day or per week, and may be triggered by endogenous or exogenous stimuli. The rolling of the dorsal, lumbar region of skin is instigated...

sulfate (also known as amfetamine) – US FDA-approved for the treatment of exogenous obesity under the brand name "Evekeo". Methylphenidate Cocaine Caffeine...

wēnxù) – the body, especially the limbs. Defense (防御; fángyù) – against Exogenous Pathogenic Factors Containment (固摄; 固攝; gùshè) – of body fluids, i.e....

adenosine triphosphate or ATP) within the mitochondria. Consequently, unlike exogenously administered antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E or Coenzyme Q10), which provide...

Albert Allen Bartlett – a leading proponent of the Malthusian Growth Model Exogenous growth model – related growth model from economics Food race - a model...

diagnostic purposes in the context of the TRH test; administration of exogenous TRH can be used to determine whether hypothyroidism is of hypothalamic...

economic theory, economic growth is assumed to be exogenously given: Growth is dependent on exogenous variables, such as population growth, technological...

was able to modify electrically induced contractions, but not those of exogenous acetylcholine. Results from a study at the University of Iowa indicate...

express CB1 and utilize 2-AG. Intriguingly, CB1 activation by endogenous or exogenous cannabinoids promote NP proliferation and differentiation; this activation...

1021/np030045o. PMID 12828466. Stout SM, Cimino NM (February 2014). "Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing...

between two different endogenous pre-mRNAs or between an endogenous and an exogenous (such as from viruses) or artificial RNAs. Self-splicing occurs for rare...

high-resolution y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of Central Asian pastoralists"...

scenario planning has been described as changing mindsets about the exogenous part of the world prior to formulating specific strategies. Scenario planning...

may be the strongest ex ante, exogenous institutional variable in the literature". In a paper entitled Is Growth Exogenous? Taking Bernanke Seriously, Brat...

and better insulation of houses in winter. According to Kuhn et all exogenous malaria continues to be brought from abroad by travellers; since the 1950s...

access to the same technology. The Solow–Swan model is considered an "exogenous" growth model because it does not explain why countries invest different...

industrial production of small and macro molecules through the introduction of exogenous metabolic pathways in various prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell lines. Horizontally...

unopposed estrogen stimulation in the setting of polycystic ovary syndrome or exogenous administration of hormones. Atypical endometrial hyperplasia may represent...

opioid, histamine and beta adrenergic receptors. Both endogenous and exogenous inverse agonists have been identified, as have drugs at ligand gated ion...

medicine, is a human behavior in which an individual uses a substance or any exogenous influence to self-administer treatment for physical or psychological conditions...

difficult to treat (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis) Exogenous transmission – the transfer and spread of infectious agents between different...

PMID 16482616. He M, Yang Y, Bian L, Cui H (September 1999). "[Effect of exogenous lactase on the absorption of lactose and its intolerance symptoms]". Wei...

have been proposed as a possible source of eukaryotic TTX by means of an exogenous pathway", and Chau and coworkers note that the "widespread occurrence...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

regulation of gene expression antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent vesicle fusion with endoplasmic...

defects). One main disadvantage of HA is that it needs to be covered with exogenous material, such as sclera, polyethylene terephthalate, or vicryl mesh (which...

menstrual cycle, measured by a direct radioimmunoassay, and fate of exogenously injected estrone sulfate". Hormone Research. 27 (2): 61–68. doi:10.1159/000180788...

long ago discovered association between GPCRs and many endogenous and exogenous substances, resulting in e.g. analgesia, is another dynamically developing...

It is argued that upon the arrival of the Spanish in America, various exogenous diseases—such as malaria—spread throughout the Amazon rainforest and the...

5, 2022 Geraldo de Freitas Spartan Bantamweight Jan 11, 2021 2 years Exogenous administration of testosterone and/or its precursors USADA Jan 11, 2023...

Durbin's alternative test also allow regressors that are not strictly exogenous. Excel: although Microsoft Excel 2007 does not have a specific Durbin–Watson...

"Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by structurally diverse exogenous and endogenous chemicals". Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 43: 309–334...

construct the desired product, EPO. The Amgen technique described using exogenous DNA as a template for transcription of mRNA which is then translated into...

S. monetarist economist Milton Friedman. While Friedman defended the exogenous money supply theory, according to which money is created by powerful central...

more abundantly expressed in the tract and primarily protects against exogenous histamine from food or gut microbiota. Therefore, the role of HNMT is...

— Introduction p.4 The central concept is that system behaviors are not caused by exogenous events, but rather are intrinsic to the system itself. The connections...

aggregate, a sum of organisms that coexist in the same biotope owing to alike exogenous habitat conditions but a (supra-individual) whole, a togetherness and...

the accelerated realignment of the circadian clock. When administered exogenously, via melatonin pills or melatonin gummies, it can advance or delay the...

Respiratory Chain and Reactive Oxygen Species: Implications for the use of exogenous ubiquinones as therapies and experimental tools". Journal of Biological...

Putrefaction is the fifth stage of death, following pallor mortis, livor mortis, algor mortis, and rigor mortis. This process references the breaking down...

DNA sequences to drive the repair of the break via the incorporation of exogenous DNA to function as the repair template. This method relies on the periodic...

Mohammad Anwar; Fujita, Masayuki (2010-01-01). "Evidence for a role of exogenous glycinebetaine and proline in antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification...

valuation can be shown to hold when the outside option payoffs are not exogenously given. Double auction Myerson, Roger B.; Mark A. Satterthwaite (1983)...

m-Tyramine p-Tyramine Others Cyclohexylamine Isoamylamine Trimethylamine Exogenous 2C-B 2C-B-Fly 2C-E 2C-H 2C-P 2C-T-7 A-77636 2-Aminoindane Amphetamine...

the study of macroeconomics to model a price-taking economy, allowing exogenous assumptions of the conditions in the rest of the world. "International...

tongue secondary to bismuth subsalicylate: case report and review of exogenous causes of macular lingual pigmentation". Journal of Drugs in Dermatology...

saliency map is created in the primary visual cortex to guide attention exogenously. Computational neuroscience provides a mathematical framework for studying...

is sudden and radical. It is typically caused by discontinuities (or exogenous shocks) in the business environment. The point where a new trend is initiated...

Thyrotoxicosis: Over-supply with thyroid hormones, e.g. by overdosed exogenously levothyroxine supplementation. Low-T3 syndrome and high-T3 syndrome:...

folded and was fluorescent at room temperature, without the need for exogenous cofactors specific to the jellyfish. Although this near-wtGFP was fluorescent...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The CDP-choline pathway begins with the uptake of exogenous choline into the cell. The first enzymatic reaction is catalyzed by choline...

equation which relates the endogenous variable X to all the available exogenous variables, both those included in the regression of interest (W) and the...

the value of the collateral used by the banks to secure the loans; an exogenous change in monetary conditions (for example, where the central bank suddenly...

health services, oral rehydration therapy and better nutrition with these exogenous improvements in health. According to Preston, the independent increases...

predator-prey interactions in wild fish? An experimental approach using exogenous cortisol implants" (PDF). "Ember tetra (Hyphessobrycon amandae)". Encyclo...

disease and cancers. The virus is thought to be a recently introduced exogenous virus that is also integrating into the koala germline genome (becoming...

(2016) X-Men: X-Men vol 4 #18–22 (2014) collected in: X-Men Volume 4: Exogenous (tpb, 112 pages, 2015) X-Tinction Agenda #1–4 (2015) collected in X-Tinction...

– who fought at this event – had tested positive for testosterone of exogenous origin already in April, but UFC's antidoping partner at the time, USADA...

Mycenaeans. According to one theory, Mycenaean civilization reflected the exogenous imposition of archaic Indo-Europeans from the Eurasian steppe onto the...

equation of interest is regressed on all of the exogenous variables in the model, including both exogenous covariates in the equation of interest and the...

S/N Tyap indigenous name Hausa exogenous name 1 A̠buyap Ungwar Rohogo 2 Á̠nietcen-A̱fakan Zangon Urban 3 A̠shong A̠shyui Jankasa 4 Bafoi Ka̠nai Gora Bafai...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

cells by direct action. The pharmacodynamic action of AAS begin when the exogenous hormone penetrates the membrane of the target cell and binds to an androgen...

S-D-lactoylglutathione to glutathione and D-lactic acid. It maintains exogenous antioxidants such as vitamins C and E in their reduced (active) states...

endogenous risk, with his co-author Jon Danielsson which as opposed to exogenous risk, captures shocks to the financial system stemming from how financial...

alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA from its surroundings. For bacterial transformation to take place...

conditions in a thymidine-lacking medium. Surviving cells will have the exogenous DHFR gene along with the gene of interest integrated in its genome. The...

torticollis is diagnosed when any of the following are present: history of exogenous insult or exposure, neurological abnormalities other than dystonia, abnormalities...

PMID 30670332. Evans M, McClure TS, Koutnik AP, Egan B (December 2022). "Exogenous Ketone Supplements in Athletic Contexts: Past, Present, and Future". Sports...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

settler colonial phenomena are essentially defined by processes where an exogenous collective replaces an indigenous one, there is an underlying and uninterrupted...

two or more stable or metastable states with the use of any external (exogenous) or internal (endogenous) stimuli, such as changes in pH, light, temperature...

medicine, is a human behavior in which an individual uses a substance or any exogenous influence to self-administer treatment for physical or psychological conditions...

however, one additionally assumes that the two ratios C/D and R/D are exogenously determined constants, the equation implies that the central bank can...

nature. The importance of entraining organisms, including humans, to exogenous cues such as the light/dark cycle, is reflected by several circadian rhythm...

theorems, one relating to an exchange economy in which endowments are exogenously given, and one relating to an economy in which production occurs. The...

m-Tyramine p-Tyramine Others Cyclohexylamine Isoamylamine Trimethylamine Exogenous 2C-B 2C-B-Fly 2C-E 2C-H 2C-P 2C-T-7 A-77636 2-Aminoindane Amphetamine...

(Megatherium americanum, Blumenbach). Part I. Preliminary observations on the exogenous processes of vertebrae. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 141:719–764 Owen R (1855)...

S2CID 97334519. Chyba, Christopher; Sagan, Carl (1992). "Endogenous production, exogenous delivery and impact-shock synthesis of organic molecules: an inventory...

the function also includes seasonal factors, an intercept term, and exogenous variables (xreg, called "external regressors"). The package astsa has...

to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations. Most recently, other types of regulated...

Ching—joining textual learning to bodily practices for harmonization of exogenous and endogenous origins of energy qi for a longer healthier life. The graphic...

the long run when imposed on an aggregate model of the macroeconomy exogenously. This model was really a tool for demonstrating the impact of "technology"...

acids and the production of ketones. In healthy people, a low dose of exogenous glucagon increases energy expenditure and reduces energy intake without...

ISBN 978-0-908-59628-7 p. 467 Bekhit AA, Hopkins DL, Geesink G, et al. (2014). "Exogenous proteases for meat tenderization". Critical Reviews in Food Science and...

modify certain portions or subsections of a transcluded text depending on exogenous variables that can be changed independently. This is customarily done...

for non-treated plants. Some natural, biodegradable compounds, such as exogenous polyamines, allow plants to tolerate higher concentrations of pollutants...

weightlifter Gabriel Sîncrăian of Romania after he tested positive for exogenous testosterone and boxer Misha Aloian of Russia after he tested positive...

decreases of LTP are observed after adrenalectomy (low GC state) or after exogenous glucocorticoid administration (high GC state). This review also revealed...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

ISSN 0033-2658. PMID 23691813. Kramer, Thomas (2002). "Endogenous Versus Exogenous: Still Not the Issue". Medscape. Nyhuis PW, Specka M, Gastpar M (2006)...

R.C.N. (2021). "Meat tenderization mechanism and the impact of plant exogenous proteases: A review". Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 14 (2) 102967. doi:10...

Lehtinen reclassified the brain injury syndrome as "endogenous" and "exogenous", where the later would be equivalent to the secondary form of the disorder...

amounts of Neu5Gc detected in human tissue however may be incorporated from exogenous (nutrient) sources. Sialic acid is synthesized by glucosamine 6 phosphate...

1)", 2010-7-5. Retrieved 2010-10-18. I. Weinberg and Z. G. Fridlender "Exogenous lipoid pneumonia caused by paraffin in an amateur fire breather -- Weinburg...

batrachotoxins in organisms consumed by birds has yet to indicate an exogenous source. Stomach content studies reveal a variety of arthropods, mostly...

post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, friction melanosis, ochronosis (endogenous and exogenous), and cutaneous erythematosus lupus. Additionally, it should not be confused...

to its complex "title", represents a synthesis of the endogenous and exogenous factors which determine the private and non-private economic decision...

(PDF). Visitors Studies Today. Vol. 3. Johnston, Robert J. (1998-05-01). "Exogenous Factors and Visitor Behavior: A Regression Analysis of Exhibit Viewing...

"may be either produced by metabolic processes or inhaled/absorbed from exogenous sources" such as environmental tobacco smoke. Chemical fingerprinting...

maintain metabolic homeostasis. NR utilization in mammals may involve both exogenous dietary sources and endogenous salvage processes that recycle intermediates...

m-Tyramine p-Tyramine Others Cyclohexylamine Isoamylamine Trimethylamine Exogenous 2C-B 2C-B-Fly 2C-E 2C-H 2C-P 2C-T-7 A-77636 2-Aminoindane Amphetamine...

bacterial cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s). For...

well. The types of pyrogens include internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous) to the body. The "pyrogenicity" of given pyrogens varies: in extreme...

(PET) that is used to measure brain metabolism and the distribution of exogenous radiolabeled chemical agents throughout the brain. PET measures emissions...

degree of selection bias can be made by examining correlations between exogenous (background) variables and a treatment indicator. However, in regression...

that of their exogenous counterparts. As a result, it is now possible to identify novel groups of endogenous RNA viruses whose exogenous relatives have...

LaKind JS (September 2014). "Pharmaco- and toxicokinetics of selected exogenous and endogenous estrogens: a review of the data and identification of knowledge...

(1972). "Periodic geophysical and biological signals as Zeitgeber and exogenous inducers in animal organisms". International Journal of Biometeorology...

Fetal valproate spectrum disorder (FVSD), previously known as fetal valproate syndrome (FVS), is a rare disease caused by prenatal exposure to valproic...

economy can induce compensating volatility in others; specifically, when an exogenous variable changes, the short-term effect on the exchange rate can be greater...

when we consider an endowment economy, in which the wealth level is not exogenously given by but endogenous to the price. Equivalently, in terms of the indirect...

original on 27 September 2016. Weinberg, I.; Fridlender, Z.G. (2010). "Exogenous lipoid pneumonia caused by paraffin in an amateur fire breather". Occupational...

the economy converges to a steady state where growth is driven only by exogenous technological progress. Endogenous growth models challenge this by incorporating...

memory impairment, and increased pain sensitivity, can be mimicked by exogenous administration of interleukin-1 (IL-1) or TNFα. Pro-inflammatory cytokines...

Myers RR (Dec 2000). "2000 Volvo Award winner in basic science studies: Exogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha mimics nucleus pulposus-induced neuropathology...

state variables, exogenous variables, and random variables. Decision variables are sometimes known as independent variables. Exogenous variables are sometimes...

satisfiers for the needs of the community, a distinction can be made between exogenous and endogenous satisfiers. Endogenous satisfiers arise from actions of...

Germline mutations can be caused by a variety of endogenous (internal) and exogenous (external) factors, and can occur throughout zygote development. A mutation...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

TMA is a cholinomimetic whose effects mimic most of those produced by exogenous acetylcholine. Pharmacological experiments with TMA have been performed...

Bay", evaded capture for years, inspiring social media posts and a song. Exogenous colonies have also resulted from research activities. There is a colony...

signaling pathways. This process is modulated by a number of endogenous and exogenous compounds and plays a key role in a wide range of physiological (such...

conjugation of a glucuronic acid moiety to a variety of endogenous and exogenous substances, making them more water-soluble and readily excreted. Important...

government...has to take account of exogenous variables, whether controlled by it (the decisions themselves, if they are exogenous variables) or uncontrolled (e...

determined by the action of the central bank' is taken as given (i.e. exogenous – p. 247) and constant (because hoarding is ruled out on page 174 by the...

by endogenous microbial populations that conferred protection against exogenous pathogens attempting to colonize the gut flora. It has been observed that...

non-linear) and non-parametric techniques. Autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs (ARMAX) Quantitative forecasting models are often judged against...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

nasal mucus. A rhinolith usually forms around the nucleus of a small exogenous foreign body, blood clot or secretion by slow deposition of calcium and...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

to the shape of lakes. Grosse et al. (2013) summarize endogenous and exogenous elements that are key factors in orientation, including: redistribution...

N/C interaction has been associated with the effects of endogenous and exogenous AR agonists, for instance virilization and prostate growth. In animal...

Fabia R, Ar'Rajab A, Johansson ML, et al. (February 1993). "The effect of exogenous administration of Lactobacillus reuteri R2LC and oat fiber on acetic acid-induced...

theory of industry structure since not only is industry structure not exogenously given, but equilibrium is reached without an ad hoc hypothesis on the...

cells. This can occur in three main ways. First, bacteria can take up exogenous DNA from their environment in a process called transformation. Many bacteria...

ISSN 1550-9389. PMC 8494102. PMID 34032203. Fares A (July 2011). "Night-time exogenous melatonin administration may be a beneficial treatment for sleeping disorders...

inhibiting DHFR activity which then compels the cells to express more DHFR (exogenous) and consequently more recombinant protein to survive. The highly active...

CD23a and CD23b proximal promoters display different sensitivities to exogenous stimuli in B lymphocytes". Genes and Immunity. 3 (3): 158–64. doi:10.1038/sj...

ovulation after suppressing endogenous secretion, it is necessary to supply exogenous gonadotropins. The most common one is the human menopausal gonadotropin...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

or bacteria, the antigen-presenting cell will present an endogenous or exogenous peptide fragment derived from the antigen by MHC molecules. There are...

homeostasis long-term depression antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II Golgi to transport vesicle transport...

[page needed] Altered states, is divided into two groups:[page needed] Exogenous or induced states: psychedelic and other drug-induced states; hypnosis...

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person who is exposed to alcohol during gestation. FASDS affects...

m-Tyramine p-Tyramine Others Cyclohexylamine Isoamylamine Trimethylamine Exogenous 2C-B 2C-B-Fly 2C-E 2C-H 2C-P 2C-T-7 A-77636 2-Aminoindane Amphetamine...

than 40 percent between 1998 and 2007. In May 2009, the IMF approved an Exogenous Shock Facility for Tanzania to help the country cope with the global economic...

can only function in the presence of both tumor antigen and a benign exogenous molecule. To achieve this, the CAR T cell's engineered chimeric antigen...

required for transformation. For a bacterium to bind, take up, and recombine exogenous DNA into its chromosome, it must enter a special physiological state called...

insipidus (NDI) may result from V2R or aquaporin-2 (AQP2) mutations. Exogenously administered V2R antagonists can bind to misfolded intracellular V2R...

output regressor regressand predictor predicted explanatory explained exogenous endogenous manipulated measured exposure outcome feature label or target...

2010s. Since the invention of agriculture, humans have increasingly used exogenous sources of energy to multiply human muscle power. Some historians have...

dose of phenmetrazine. Indicated as a short-term secondary treatment for exogenous obesity, phendimetrazine immediate-release 35 mg tablets are typically...

Andrew; Persad, Amanda S. (1 June 2018). "Assessment of Health Effects of Exogenous Urea: Summary and Key Findings". Current Environmental Health Reports...

the conditions of strong soil salinity can be achieved by administering exogenous glutamine to plants. The decrease in the level of expression of genes...

cell), as with endogenous cannabinoids and circadian rhythms. Contrast exogenous. endoplasmic reticulum A type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that...

from competing after unintentionally ingesting tainted supplements - Exogenous origin of 5a-androstanediol, 5b-androstanediol and androsterone. Rountree...

vitamin C endogenously), and in guinea pigs, which, like humans, require an exogenous source of vitamin C in their diets. Oxytocin is synthesized by corpora...

result in coma and death. The ability of opioids (both endogenous and exogenous) to relieve pain depends on a complex set of neuronal pathways at the...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

that trigger vasoconstriction can be exogenous or endogenous in origin. Ambient temperature is an example of exogenous vasoconstriction. Cutaneous vasoconstriction...

makes heavy use of Markov chains. An example is using Markov chains to exogenously model prices of equity (stock) in a general equilibrium setting. Credit...

systems, the supply of money is largely determined endogenously. But exogenous factors like government surpluses and deficits play a role and allow government...

the contexts of reproductive status, stage of the menstrual cycle, or exogenous hormonal therapy. During pregnancy, pronounced breast growth and maturation...

phycobiliprotein, α-allophycocyanin. Native α-allophycocyanin requires an exogenous protein, known as a lyase, to attach the chromophore, phycocyanobilin...

Pleasure Index of all recreational drugs included in the study. Acute exogenous glucocorticoid administration is known to produce euphoria, but this effect...

ratio of insulin to C-peptide can be used to make a forensic diagnosis of exogenous insulin overdosage". Forensic Science International. 115 (1–2): 123–127...

high-dose hydroquinone has been associated with a systemic condition known as exogenous ochronosis (skin discoloration and connective tissue damage from the accumulation...

High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists...

dermatitis which is a subtype of irritant contact cheilitis is caused by an exogenous factor rather than an endogenous one. Irritant contact cheilitis can be...

considering uniqueness of the exposome (a totality of endogenous and exogenous / environmental exposures) and its unique influence on molecular pathologic...

itself between them. A high nitric oxide concentration, such as one added exogenously to the enzyme, reverses cyanide inhibition of COX. Nitric oxide can reversibly...

lysosomes. mTOR is inhibited when lysosomal membrane is damaged by various exogenous or endogenous agents, such as invading bacteria, membrane-permeant chemicals...

debates as to how exactly democracy emerges, is between endogenous or exogenous democratization. Endogenous democratization holds the argument that democratization...

do with one another, yet the company is attaining diversification from exogenous risk factors to stabilize and provide opportunity for active management...

irradiation increases meiotic crossovers in SCs. This indicates that exogenously caused DNA damages are likely repaired by crossover recombination in...

reactivation Microbial translocation Endogenous seeding Biofilm formation Exogenous Cross-species Spillover infection Vector Zoonosis Reverse zoonosis Human-to-human...

(HCO3−) depending on the bacterial strain. This requirement must be met exogenously during the lag and stationary growth phases, though it appears to be...

in traditional contract theory assume that asymmetric information is exogenously given. Yet, some authors have also studied contract-theoretic models...

Familial male-limited precocious puberty (testotoxicosis) Exogenous hormones Environmental exogenous hormones As treatment for another condition Generally...

death rates indicate that the standard of living increased, due to some exogenous factor, over the period of twenty years from 1850 to 1870.[citation needed]...

placenta and lead to premature closure of the DA in the fetus. In this case, exogenous PDE2 can be administered to reverse the effects of the NSAIDs and maintain...

be superior to interventions to increase exercise in the population. Exogenous administration of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) in rodents has been found to...

nonselective cation channel that may be activated by a wide variety of exogenous and endogenous physical and chemical stimuli. The best-known activators...

m-Tyramine p-Tyramine Others Cyclohexylamine Isoamylamine Trimethylamine Exogenous 2C-B 2C-B-Fly 2C-E 2C-H 2C-P 2C-T-7 A-77636 2-Aminoindane Amphetamine...

earthquakes, and tectonic uplift can expose continental crust to the exogenous processes of weathering, erosion, and mass wasting. The effects of denudation...

most previous organisms. Protective endogenous antioxidant enzymes and exogenous dietary antioxidants helped to prevent oxidative damage. For example,...

also follows a SN2 displacement, but the nucleophile comes from water or exogenous hydroxyl groups rather than RNA itself. The smallest ribozyme is UUU,...

Spike-ins can be synthetic or exogenous material (not originally part of the sample). In sequencing-based assays, exogenous material is typically derived...

experience the highest mortality when they transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding, around 8–14 days post-hatch depending on conditions. Once larvae...

operators from Siege return in Extraction, as they have formed the Rainbow Exogenous Analysis and Containment Team (REACT) in order to contain the alien threat...

limestone and cement additives, kaolin, silica sand, dolomite, quartzite of exogenous origin, antimony, and mercury of hydrothermal origin. Additionally, there...

categorizes Louisiana Creole as a contact language that arose between exogenous ethnicities. Once the pidgin tongue was transmitted to the next generation...

and not as cost-minimizers, (where level of output is considered as exogenously given). The specification here is similar with the "production frontier"...

influential in the shift of attitudes seen in the 19th century Muslim world, "exogenous changes" from European countries also defined new social attitudes in...