Duroia

Duroia
Duroia sp. by Maria Sybilla Merian
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Embryophytes
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Spermatophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Rubiaceae
Subfamily: Ixoroideae
Tribe: Cordiereae
Genus: Duroia
L.f.
Type species
Duroia eriopila
Synonyms

Duroia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found from Costa Rica to tropical South America.[1]

Ecology

A number of Duroia species, and possibly all, are capable of biochemical interactions inhibiting the growth of neighbouring plants. Analysis of root extracts from Duroia hirsuta have yielded a strong plant growth inhibitor plumericin, a tetracyclic iridoid lactone.[2] This process, common amongst plants, is termed allelopathy. In the case of Duroia hirsuta, the chemical inhibitor is aided by the leafcutter ant Myrmelachista schumanni resident on and in the tree, and playing an active role in suppressing and destroying plant growth in the vicinity of their host by injecting and spraying formic acid. The area around the understory species Duroia hirsuta is often devoid of all other plant types, leading to the local name 'Devil's garden'.[3] The cost to the host plant for this protection is considerable, since the resident ants subject the tree to increased leaf cutting.[4]

Species

References

  1. ^ "Duroia in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae".
  2. ^ Page JE, Madrinan S, Towers GH (1994). "Identification of a plant growth inhibiting iridoid lactone from Duroia hirsuta, the allelopathic tree of the 'Devil's Garden'". Experientia. 50 (9): 840–842. doi:10.1007/BF01956467. S2CID 30517600.
  3. ^ Campbell DG, Richardson PM, Rosas A Jr (1989). "Field screening for allelopathy in tropical forest trees, particularly Duroia hirsuta, in the Brazilian Amazon". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 17 (5): 403–407. Bibcode:1989BioSE..17..403C. doi:10.1016/0305-1978(89)90057-4.
  4. ^ Frederickson ME, Gordon DM (2007). "The devil to pay: a cost of mutualism with Myrmelachista schumanni ants in 'devil's gardens' is increased herbivory on Duroia hirsuta trees". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 274 (1613): 1117–1123. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.0415. PMC 2124481. PMID 17301016.


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