Draft:Googology
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Submission declined on 9 April 2026 by ScalarFactor (talk). This draft appears to contain text generated by a large language model (such as ChatGPT). You cannot use LLMs to generate article content.
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Instead, only summarize in your own words a range of independent, reliable, published sources that discuss the subject. See the advice page on large language models for more information.This draft's references do not show that the number meets Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion for numbers. The draft requires either:
Declined by ScalarFactor 58 days ago.
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Comment: This page has been deleted several times (albeit the other times may have been for another subject). No changes since last rejection. 🚂ThatTrainGuy1945 Peep peep! 22:58, 9 April 2026 (UTC)
An Introduction to Googology Googology is the mathematical discipline and hobbyist pursuit dedicated to the naming and classification of incredibly large numbers. Unlike standard mathematics, which focuses on the properties of numbers, googology emphasizes the construction of functions and notations that push the boundaries of what is computable and conceivable. Notability and Origins The term "googology" was coined by André Joyce in the early 2000s, though the practice dates back much further. The most famous example is the Googol ( ), named by Milton Sirotta, the nine-year-old nephew of mathematician Edward Kasner, in 1920. Kasner introduced the term in his book Mathematics and the Imagination (1940) to illustrate the difference between an enormous number and infinity (Kasner & Newman, 1940). In recent decades, the field has grown through the work of mathematicians like Harvey Friedman and professional enthusiasts like Robert Munafo. It has gained significant coverage in popular science media for its ability to explain complex concepts like the Fast-growing hierarchy and Graham’s Number (Horgan, 2019). Key Concepts and Notations To describe numbers that exceed the capacity of standard scientific notation, googologists use specialized recursive systems: Knuth's Up-Arrow Notation: Introduced by Donald Knuth in 1976, this system uses arrows to represent iterated exponentiation (tetration, pentation, etc.). Conway Chained Arrow Notation: A further extension developed by John Horton Conway to describe even larger magnitudes. The Busy Beaver Function: A non-computable function that grows faster than any possible computer algorithm, often cited as the "gold standard" for growth in googology (Aaronson, 2011). The "Googology Community" Beyond academic mathematics, a robust online community exists on platforms like the Googology Wiki. Members engage in "number climbing," where they attempt to define the largest number possible using legitimate mathematical logic, avoiding "ill-defined" numbers like "infinity plus one." Notable creations from this community include Rayo's Number, which was defined during a "big number duel" at MIT in 2007 (Kriloff, 2007). References [1] [2] [3] [4]
References
- ^ Aaronson, S. (2011). Who Can Name the Bigger Number? MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
- ^ Horgan, J. (2019). "The Mind-Boggling Math of Huge Numbers." Scientific American.
- ^ Kasner, E., & Newman, J. (1940). Mathematics and the Imagination. Simon & Schuster.
- ^ Kriloff, S. (2007). "Big Number Duel." MIT Gazette.
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