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David Steven Jacoby (born 1964) is an American supply chain economist. He teaches Global Supply Chain Decarbonization at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business^[1] and also the university's College of Liberal & Professional Studies^[2], as well as Supply Chain Management and Operations Management at New York University's Stern School of Business and the Tandon School of Engineering^[3]. Before joining NYU and Penn, he was an adjunct professor at Boston University's (BU) Questrom Graduate School of Business (2007-2008) and a Senior Fellow at BU's Institute for Global Sustainability (formerly the Institute for Sustainable Energy) (2020-2023). He serves as the Chief Judge for the International Supply Chain Education Alliance Prize for Supply Chain Excellence^[4], and he has been a masters thesis judge at Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Transportation and Logistics every year since 2020. He founded Boston Strategies International, a consultancy, in 2005 where he serves as President. He was featured as an Energy Superhero in an interview by Peter Perri III in 2021.

He has written ten books on supply chain strategy, supply chain management and supply chain economics, including Guide to Supply Chain Management for The Economist (in its second edition, 2025) Optimal Supply Chain Management in Oil, Gas and Power Generation (2012); Reinventing the Energy Value Chain: Supply Chain Roadmaps for Digital Oilfields Through Hydrogen Fuel Cells (2022); and Getting to Net Zero: The Complete Guide to Decarbonizing Businesses and Supply Chains (2023). His books have also covered supply chain technology, governance and policy in books such as Retooling America for AI-Driven Supply Chains, and The High Cost of Low Prices: A Roadmap to Sustainable Prosperity, Trump, Trade and the End of Globalization, and more than 100 articles and white papers.

His contribution to the supply chain management body of knowledge has included leadership roles at numerous professional associations, including the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals(President of the New England chapter from 2000–2005) who founded the Supply Chain Process Standards, the Association for Supply Chain Management (President of its Boston chapter from 2009–2014). He chaired the Supply Chain Subcommittee of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation which culminated in the US electric utility industry's Supply Chain Security Guidelines on Provenance, a set of standards to protect critical infrastructure from cyberattacks. These and similar organizations have engaged him for more than 80 TV, video and keynote addresses, for example he spoke on The Chain Podcast in an interview about tariffs by ASCM President Abe Eshkenazi focused on the use of "force majeure" in supply contracts, Supplychainification podcast episode entitled "You Are Just a Number" hosted by Jim Zelem, and VOIZ Academy's Climate Careers podcast entitled "Decoding the Net Zero Backtrack: Insights from Game Theory with David Steven Jacoby" interviewed by Anita Kelava. He has also spoken to audiences of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, the Institute for Supply Management, the National Association of Corporate Directors, and more than 100 others.

Jacoby developed a "supply chain benefits" methodology that accounts for benefits beyond traditional transportation and infrastructure investment multipliers, such as construction job creation and savings from the reduction of travel time. It counts benefits from supply chain optimizations that companies make after the new infrastructure is built, such as additional customer revenue gained and inventory reduced based on moving from point-to-point routes toward hub-and-spoke operation with shorter order-to-delivery times. Some of the publicly available dissertations include "Guide to Quantifying the Economic Impacts of Federal Investments in Large-Scale Freight Transportation Projects" (US Department of Transportation), "Integrating Supply Chain Benefits Into the Economic Impact Analysis of Freight Investments" (National Academies), and "Infrastructure Investment: The Supply Chain Connection" (Supply Chain Quarterly), in collaboration with Cambridge Systematics.

The methodology was initially used to account for the full supply chain benefits of logistics infrastructure investments such as ports, roadways, bridges and tunnels, which generally increases their economic viability compared to evaluating them based on the transportation savings alone. It was used by the US Department of Transportation investment policy investigations, resulting in project reports for the Federal Highway Administration, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and the National Cooperative Freight Research Program, and National Cooperative Highway Research Program. In 2022 Jacoby also used it while leading a supply chain strategy team as part of the US Department of Energy's Carbon Ore, Rare Earth, and Critical Minerals Program (CORE-CM) program during the tenure of Jennifer Granholm and the National Energy Technology Laboratory as part of the Powder River Basin Regional Coalition's team.

The methodology was subsequently used to lower the final cost of energy. Saudi Aramco adopted the methodology from 2007 through 2016, cataloguing 1,231 recommendations into seven categories: Lower Upfront Cost; Lower Operating Cost; More, Faster Production; Lower Lead Time; Less Inventory; Backlog Avoidance; and Longer Lasting Items. The recommendations pertained to major capital projects and joint ventures such as Yanbu Export Refinery (YASREF), Aramco Jubail Refinery Company (SASREF), SATORP (Saudi Aramco Total Refining and Petrochemical Company), and SADARA, a joint venture with Dow Chemical. The methodologies and potential benefits studied at Saudi Aramco are explained in Optimal Supply Chain Management in Oil, Gas and Power Generation (PennWell, 2012) and were calculated by Boston Strategies International to have had a major impact on the $1.7 trillion valuation of Aramco in 2019, in which the largest initial public offering in history raised almost $30 billion for 1.5% of the company's shares^[5]. In 2017 through 2025 a global technology company used the methodology to prioritize its R&D and commercialization investments in niobium-based lithium-ion battery chemistries that have a higher upfront cost but have a lower Total Cost of Ownership than lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. And in 2024 the methodology was used to calculate damages in a high-profile lawsuit (see Litigation, below).

Jacoby worked at management consultancies Kearney and Oliver Wyman while living in the United States, France, Brazil, Hong Kong, and other countries before founding Boston Strategies International, a consulting firm, in 2005, originally under the name Boston Logistics Group. He has also served on advisory boards to assist organizations in developing emerging standards and practices in the supply chain space, including roles at ViziApps and New York Energy Week.

He earned an MBA and Master of Arts from the Wharton School of Business (1989) where he interned for Professor Bruce Kogut, and an MA from The Joseph H. Lauder Institute of Management and International Studies at the University of Pennsylvania (1989), where he studied international marketing, strategy and finance faculty such as Jerry Wind, Claire Gaudiani and Richard Herring. He spent semesters at the University of Technology of Compiègne to study EU History and the Delft University of Technology to study Contemporary European Economics. He is a Certified Supply Chain Practitioner (CSCP) via theAssociation of Supply Chain Management (ASCM), Certified in Transportation & Logistics (CTL) by the Association of Supply Chain Management(ASCM), Certified Purchasing Manager (Formerly known as C.P.M., now C.P.S.M) by the Institute for Supply Management (ISM), Certified in Integrated Resource Management (CIRM), and Certified in Energy Trading by the Association of Energy Engineers(now called Certified Energy Manager, or C.E.M).

The St. Gallen Symposium awarded him a cash prize and a speaking slot at its 1998 colloquium in Switzerland for his essay titled "European Integration – Facing the Global Challenge," which compared Europe's impending integration (the common currency was adopted in 1992) to a corporate merger, and asserted that Europe needed to make the transaction successful by privatizing, investing in technological innovation and growth, reducing transactions costs, increasing synergies, and managing stakeholder groups whose economic prosperity is threatened by the efficiencies of the union (in other words, to expect Brexit and farming pushback). Jacoby presented alongside European political and business leaders such as Edouard Balladur (Prime Minister of France), Percy Barnevik (CEO and Chairman of Asea Brown Boveri), Allan Bloom (author of "Closing of the American Mind"), Bill Bradley (US Senator and former NBA star), Arthur Dunkel (Director General of GATT), Alfred Herrhausen (Chairman of Deutsche Bank), Romano Prodi (Prime Minister of Italy), and Franz Vranitzky (Chancellor of Austria).

When Jacoby's book The High Cost of Low Prices: A Roadmap to Sustainable Prosperity, which offered a roadmap to sustainable global supply chains, was published in September 2017, conservative groups attacked his work. While presenting to the University of Calgary in October 2017, Michelle Stirling, a Communications Manager for the Friends of Science (FOS), a conservative group which denies the existence of climate change has been known to attack numerous publications and professionals in the climate and energy transition field, published a 28-page rebuttal of Jacoby's presentation that critiqued Jacoby's projections of renewable energy. Friends of Science, a conservative group that denies the existence of climate change, has been known to attack numerous publications and professionals in the climate and energy transition field.

Her primary reference in the rebuttal was consultant Robert Lyman, who stated that the American Enterprise Institute recently noted in publications on the FOS website that "the Paris agreement provides a framework for a global, political pressure machine ...[around the] preferred narrative that climate change is humanity's greatest peril and that 'inaction' threatens millions of lives."^[6] Lyman also claimed that reducing Canada's greenhouse gas emissions to the Paris Accord target levels "would be comparable to reducing Canada's per capita emissions and our energy economy to the current levels of Bolivia, Sudan or Iraq."^[7] FOS disagreed with Jacoby's premise that climate change will be an important issue except perhaps in geologic time. Stirling cites publications of Robert Lyman, including "Can Canada Survive Climate Change Policy" in which Lyman says "The IPCC estimate is wrong" because "it ignores the natural warming from the Little Ice Age." Stirling also cites a publication by Michael Kelly that equates climate change believers to "prophets of doom" and references economist Thomas Malthus who espoused the theory that population growth would crowd out access to scarce resources, threatening human civilization. Stirling and FOS also claimed that the intermittency of solar and wind power makes these technologies economically infeasible. Jacoby later acknowledged that intermittency can sometimes be so expensive as to make projects uneconomical. In 2016 his Levelized Cost of Electricity study for the Mexican National Institute of Ecological and Climate Change (INECC) confirmed that the Levelized Cost of Electricity of solar and wind were higher than for fossil fuels.^[8] And in a 2022 article titled "From Ocean Currents to Zero-Carbon H2: Economics of Floating Offshore Wind to Create Green Hydrogen" he concluded that floating wind required 70% decrease in total levelized cost to make it competitive is "unrealistic" and "unheard of." In his Decarbonization class he uses the Cost of Firming Intermittent Energy from Lazard, an investment banking firm, to account for the incremental cost of dealing with the intermittency. In 2024 the Levelized Firming Cost varied from $23 to $91/MWh, depending on the region and type of renewable energy (solar, wind, or solar + storage), according to Lazard. To demonstrate that decarbonization can be a win-win and profitable endeavor, Jacoby wrote "Getting to Net Zero: The Complete Guide to Decarbonizing Businesses and Supply Chains" (2023) and developed online courseware, Revchain™, in collaboration with eleven well-known business and academic leaders who served as instructors. In addition, to reflect the aggregate societal impact of sustainable global supply chains he developed a measure of societal progress, GDPa, that captures sustainability factors, which the popular Gross Domestic Product does not.

Jacoby serves as an expert witness in court cases related to supply chains, and energy capital projects.^[9][10] As an expert, he opines on the validity of claims as well as on the valuation of companies and damages. The testimony is often under seal to protect the parties' confidential information.

Jacoby, David Steven. The Guide to Supply Chain Management (The Economist, Second Edition 2025).

Jacoby, David Steven. Optimal Supply Chain Management in Oil, Gas & Power Generation (PennWell, 2011).

Jacoby, David Steven. The High Cost of Low Prices: A Roadmap to Sustainable Prosperity. (Business Expert Press, 2017).

Jacoby, David Steven. Trump, Trade, and the End of Globalization (Praeger/ABC-CLIO, 2018).

Jacoby, David Steven. From Bogota to Beijing: Development and Life After Globalization (Lexington Press, 2018).

Jacoby, David Steven, and Gupta, Alok Raj: Reinventing the Energy Value Chain: Supply Chain Roadmaps for Digital Oilfields through Hydrogen Fuel Cells. (PennWell Books, 2021).

Jacoby, David Steven. Getting to Net Zero: The Complete Guide to Decarbonizing Businesses and Supply Chains. (2023).

Ren, Justin; Jacoby, David Steven; and Charvet, Francois. Retooling America for AI-Driven Supply Chains. (2025).