Denmoza

Denmoza
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Embryophytes
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Spermatophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Genus: Denmoza
Britton & Rose[3]
Species:
D. rhodacantha
Binomial name
Denmoza rhodacantha
(Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose[2]
Synonyms[2][4]
  • Cactus coccineus Gillies ex Loudon
  • Cereus erythrocephalus (K.Schum.) A.Berger
  • Cereus rhodacanthus (Salm-Dyck) F.A.C.Weber
  • Cleistocactus rhodacanthus (Salm-Dyck) Lem.
  • Denmoza ducis-pauli (C.F.Först. ex Rümpler) Werderm. ex Backeb.
  • Denmoza erythrocephala (K.Schum.) A.Berger
  • Denmoza rhodacantha var. diamantina Slaba
  • Denmoza strausii var. luteispina Frič
  • Echinocactus coccineus Pfeiff.
  • Echinocactus rhodacanthus Salm-Dyck
  • Echinocactus rhodacanthus var. coccineus Monv. ex Labour.
  • Echinopsis ducis-pauli C.F.Först. ex Rümpler
  • Echinopsis rhodacantha (Salm-Dyck) Salm-Dyck
  • Furiolobivia ducis-pauli (C.F.Först.) Y.Itô
  • Lobivia ducis-pauli (C.F.Först.) Borg
  • Mammillaria coccinea G.Don
  • Pilocereus erythrocephalus K.Schum.
  • Pilocereus rhodacanthus (Salm-Dyck) Speg.
  • Pseudolobivia ducis-pauli (C.F.Först.) Krainz

Denmoza is a monotypic genus of cactus with the sole species Denmoza rhodacantha,[5] synonym Echinopsis rhodacantha, native to northwest Argentina.[2]

Description

Denmoza rhodocantha starts out as a globular cactus and stays that way for quite some time before growing into a 0.5 to 1.5 m (1.5 to 5 ft) column with a diameter of 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 in).[6] The 30 or more ribs are high and wide, with a width of 1 cm (0.4 in) at the base. The first areoles are confluent and bear brownish-red spines, later grey. The 8 to 10 radial spines are slightly bent. The areoles from which the flowers sprout also produce a series of long brown bristles as well as long spines up to 7 cm (2.8 in). The tubular flowers are scarlet. The fruits are spherical and contain shiny black-brown seeds with a diameter of about 1.3 mm (0.05 in).[7][8]

  • Spines
    Spines
  • Plant grown in University of California Botanical Garden
    Plant grown in University of California Botanical Garden
  • Plant growing in habitat in Uspallata, Argentina
    Plant growing in habitat in Uspallata, Argentina

Taxonomy

The first plants were probably discovered in 1821 by John Gilles near the city of Mendoza. They were given the name Cactus coccineus, but this has never been validly published. The species was first described as Echinocactus rhodacanthus in 1834 by Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck.[2][9] Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose transferred the species to their newly established genus Denmoza in 1922.[2][10] As of November 2025, Plants of the World Online accepted the placement in Denmoza.[2]

Distribution

Denmoza rhodacantha is found in northwestern and western Argentina on the eastern slopes and foothills of the Andes in the provinces from Mendoza to Salta at altitudes of 800 to 2800 meters.[citation needed]

  • Plate as Echinopsis rhodocantha in Blühende Kakteen - Iconographia Cactacearum Tafel 16 (1904)
    Plate as Echinopsis rhodocantha in Blühende Kakteen - Iconographia Cactacearum Tafel 16 (1904)
  • As Echinopsis rhodocantha from The Cactaceae (1919-1923) by Britton et Rose, Vol. III. (1922)
    As Echinopsis rhodocantha from The Cactaceae (1919-1923) by Britton et Rose, Vol. III. (1922)
  • A hybrid with Cleistocactus strausii, Huntington Desert Garden
    A hybrid with Cleistocactus strausii, Huntington Desert Garden

References

  1. ^ Méndez, E.; Ortega-Baes, P. (2017) [amended version of 2013 assessment]. "Denmoza rhodacantha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T152121A121459048. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T152121A121459048.en. Retrieved 25 July 2025.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Denmoza rhodacantha (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2025-11-17.
  3. ^ "Denmoza Britton & Rose". The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2025-11-17.
  4. ^ "Denmoza rhodacantha (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose". World Flora Online. Retrieved 2025-11-17.
  5. ^ "Denmoza Britton & Rose". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2025-11-17.
  6. ^ "Denmoza rhodocantha". Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  7. ^ Anderson, Edward F.; Eggli, Urs (2005). Das grosse Kakteen-Lexikon (in German). Ulmer. pp. 177–178. ISBN 3-8001-4573-1.
  8. ^ Backeberg, Curt (January 1983). Die Cactaceae : Handbuch der Kakteenkunde. 2. Cereoideae: (Hylocereeae - Cereeae [Austrocereinae]) (in German). Fischer. pp. 1043–1048. ISBN 3-437-30381-3.
  9. ^ Hortus dyckensis: ou catalogue des plantes cultivées dans les jardins de Dyck (in French). Arnz. 1834. p. 341. Retrieved 2023-08-26.
  10. ^ Britton, Nathaniel Lord; Eaton, Mary E.; Rose, J. N.; Wood, Helen Adelaide (1919). The Cactaceae: descriptions and illustrations of plants of the cactus family. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.46288.

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