Demographics of Indonesia
Demographics of Indonesia Population 280.725.438 (2023 civil registration) 270,203,917 (2020 census)Growth rate 1,13% (2023 est.) Birth rate 15.32 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Death rate 6.75 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Life expectancy 73.08 years • male 70.86 years • female 75.4 years Fertility rate 2.14 children born/woman (2022 est.)Infant mortality rate 19.73 deaths/1,000 live births Net migration rate -0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) 0–14 years 23.87% 15–64 years 68.31% 65 and over 7.82% Total 1 male(s)/female (2022 est.) At birth 1.05 male(s)/female Under 15 1.05 male(s)/female 65 and over 0.66 male(s)/female Nationality Indonesian Major ethnic Over 1,300 ethnic groups Official Indonesian Spoken Over 700 languages
Historical population
Indonesian students during a school excursion to a museum; Indonesia currently possesses a relatively young population.
The population of Indonesia was 270.20 million according to the 2020 national census , an increase from 237.64 million in 2010 .[1] [2] The official estimate as at end 2023 was 280 million increasing at a rate of 1.17% per year.[3] [4] Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world . Approximately 55% of Indonesia's population resides on Java , which is the most populous island in the world .
Despite a fairly effective family planning program that has been in place since 1967,[5] Indonesia's average population growth per year was over 1.1% for the decade ending in 2020, nearly having 13% population growth for that decade. At this rate, Indonesia's population is projected to surpass the population of the United States if the recent population growth continues.[6]
Indonesia has a relatively young population compared to Western nations, though it is aging as the country's birth rate has slowed and its life expectancy has increased. The median age was 30.2 years in 2017.[7] Indonesia includes numerous ethnic, cultural and linguistic groups, some of which are related to each other. Since independence, Indonesian is the language of most written communication, education, government, and business. Many local ethnic languages are the first language of most Indonesians and are still important.[citation needed ] Examples of local languages being Balinese , Gayo , and Taeʼ .
Population
Provinces of Indonesia by urban population percentage
Provinces of Indonesia by population density per square kilometer in 2020 10,001 and above
1,001 to 10,000
101 to 1,000
11 to 100
1 to 10
Historical population of Indonesia Year 0 2,000,000 — 1000 3,500,000 +0.06% 1500 7,750,000 +0.16% 1700 9,500,000 +0.10% 1930 60,727,233 +0.81% 1955 77,473,268 +0.98% 1961 97,085,348 +3.83% 1971 119,208,229 +2.07% 1976 141,862,419 +3.54% 1980 147,490,298 +0.98% 1990 179,378,946 +1.98% 2000 206,264,595 +1.41% 2010 237,641,326 +1.43% 2020 270,203,917 +1.29% Source: Our World in Data,[8] Statistics Indonesia,[1] [9] Wertheim (1959),[10] Geografi dan Kependudukan (1976),[11] Widjojo Nitisastro (2006)[12]
Population by province
Province
Population (2010 census)
Urban % in 2010
Total Fertility Rate
Population (2020 census)
Urban % in 2022[13]
Aceh
4,494,410
2.79
5,274,900
North Sumatra
12,982,204
3.01
14,799,400
West Sumatra
4,846,909
2.91
5,534,500
Riau
5,538,367
2.82
6,394,100
Jambi
3,092,265
2.51
3,548,200
South Sumatra
7,450,394
2.56
8,467,400
Bengkulu
1,715,518
2.51
2,010,700
Lampung
7,608,405
2.45
9,007,800
Bangka Belitung Islands
1,223,296
2.54
1,455,700
Riau Islands
1,679,163
2.38
2,064,600
Banten
10,632,166
2.35
11,904,600
Jakarta
9,607,787
1.82
10,562,100
West Java
43,053,732
2.43
48,274,200
Central Java
32,382,657
2.20
36,516,000
Yogyakarta
3,457,491
1.94
3,668,700
East Java
37,476,757
2.00
40,665,700
Bali
3,890,757
2.13
4,317,400
West Nusa Tenggara
4,500,212
2.59
5,320,100
East Nusa Tenggara
4,683,827
3.82
5,325,600
West Kalimantan
4,395,983
2.64
5,414,400
Central Kalimantan
2,212,089
2.56
2,670,000
South Kalimantan
3,626,616
2.35
4,073,600
East Kalimantan
3,028,487
2.61
3,766,000
North Kalimantan
524,656
701,800
North Sulawesi
2,270,596
2.43
2,621,900
Gorontalo
1,040,164
2.76
1,171,700
Central Sulawesi
2,635,009
2.94
2,985,700
South Sulawesi
8,034,776
2.55
9,073,500
Southeast Sulawesi
2,232,586
3.20
2,624,900
West Sulawesi
1,158,651
--
3.33
1,419,200
Maluku
1,533,506
3.56
1,848,900
North Maluku
1,038,087
3.35
1,282,900
Papua
2,833,381
2.87
4,303,700
West Papua
760,422
--
3.18
1,134,100
Indonesia
237,641,326
2.41
270,203,900
Source: Population Census 2010,[2] except for final column, taken from Population Census 2020.
Note: (a) North Kalimantan province was created in 2012 (by separation from East Kalimantan province); the 2010 total figures given are those for the provinces as they were following that splitting (Urban % and Total Fertility Rate columns unadjusted).
[1]
Age structure
Age structure in Indonesia (2020)[1]
Minor: 0-14 years (23.3%)
Workforce: 15-64 years (70.7%)
Retiree: 65 years and over (6.0%)
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Data are based on the publication: "Indonesia Population Projection 2015-2045"):[14]
Age Group
Male
Female
Total
%
Total
135 337 011
134 266 419
269 603 430
100
0–4
11 101 528
10 850 465
21 951 993
8.14
5–9
11 205 657
10 739 503
21 945 160
8.14
10–14
11 284 333
10 884 509
22 168 842
8.22
15–19
11 189 861
10 949 531
22 139 392
8.21
20–24
11 070 774
10 887 555
21 958 329
8.14
25–29
10 963 605
10 736 361
21 699 966
8.05
30–34
10 777 337
10 524 673
21 302 010
7.90
35–39
10 477 475
10 305 704
20 783 179
7.71
40–44
9 830 929
9 693 109
19 524 038
7.24
45–49
9 140 315
9 023 924
18 164 239
6.74
50–54
7 975 551
7 947 477
15 923 028
5.91
55–59
6 632 329
6 691 467
13 323 796
4.94
60–64
5 234 762
5 287 052
10 521 814
3.90
65-69
3 758 966
3 921 263
7 680 229
2.85
70-74
2 485 308
2 757 062
5 242 370
1.94
75+
2 208 281
3 066 764
5 275 045
1.96
Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0–14
33 591 518
32 474 477
66 065 995
24.50
15–64
93 292 938
92 046 853
185 339 791
68.75
65+
8 452 555
9 745 089
18 197 644
6.75
Vital statistics
Indonesia fertility rate by province (2017) 3.3 to 3.5
3.0 to 3.2
2.7 to 2.9
2.4 to 2.6
2.1 to 2.3
United Nations estimates
Period
Population (thousands)
Live births (thousands)
Deaths (thousands)
Natural change (thousands)
CBR[i]
CDR[i]
NC[i]
TFR[i]
IMR[i]
Life expectancy (years)
1950
69 568
2 826
1 505
1 321
40.6
21.6
19.0
5.19
189.1
39.40
1951
71 019
2 926
1 522
1 404
41.2
21.4
19.8
5.23
186.8
39.79
1952
72 571
3 035
1 517
1 518
41.8
20.9
20.9
5.27
182.0
40.69
1953
74 208
3 146
1 526
1 620
42.4
20.6
21.8
5.31
177.4
41.42
1954
75 925
3 257
1 533
1 723
42.9
20.2
22.7
5.35
172.9
42.19
1955
77 742
3 359
1 542
1 817
43.2
19.8
23.4
5.37
168.4
42.92
1956
79 662
3 475
1 544
1 931
43.6
19.4
24.2
5.41
164.0
43.80
1957
81 691
3 589
1 556
2 033
43.9
19.0
24.9
5.45
159.8
44.50
1958
83 819
3 701
1 575
2 126
44.2
18.8
25.4
5.48
155.8
45.05
1959
86 048
3 811
1 578
2 233
44.3
18.3
26.0
5.51
151.9
45.86
1960
88 383
3 929
1 593
2 337
44.5
18.0
26.4
5.55
148.3
46.45
1961
90 817
4 031
1 602
2 429
44.4
17.6
26.7
5.57
144.8
47.12
1962
93 345
4 127
1 603
2 523
44.2
17.2
27.0
5.59
141.4
47.87
1963
95 963
4 217
1 614
2 603
43.9
16.8
27.1
5.60
138.1
48.43
1964
98 675
4 304
1 609
2 695
43.6
16.3
27.3
5.61
134.8
49.23
1965
101 158
4 380
2 121
2 259
43.3
21.0
22.3
5.62
142.7
42.60
1966
103 561
4 426
1 740
2 686
42.7
16.8
25.9
5.60
129.5
48.20
1967
106 261
4 468
1 596
2 871
42.0
15.0
27.0
5.58
124.8
51.07
1968
109 139
4 503
1 594
2 909
41.3
14.6
26.7
5.54
121.4
51.63
1969
112 149
4 555
1 582
2 973
40.6
14.1
26.5
5.51
118.0
52.35
1970
115 228
4 596
1 576
3 021
39.9
13.7
26.2
5.45
114.6
52.99
1971
118 347
4 627
1 570
3 056
39.1
13.3
25.8
5.36
111.5
53.58
1972
121 504
4 667
1 560
3 107
38.4
12.8
25.6
5.29
108.4
54.24
1973
124 709
4 720
1 554
3 166
37.9
12.5
25.4
5.22
105.3
54.85
1974
127 945
4 727
1 547
3 180
37.0
12.1
24.9
5.09
102.3
55.43
1975
131 213
4 783
1 544
3 239
36.5
11.8
24.7
5.04
99.4
55.97
1976
134 521
4 813
1 540
3 273
35.8
11.5
24.3
4.92
96.8
56.51
1977
137 862
4 849
1 534
3 315
35.2
11.1
24.0
4.81
94.1
57.08
1978
141 251
4 908
1 535
3 373
34.7
10.9
23.9
4.72
91.6
57.57
1979
144 693
4 952
1 530
3 422
34.2
10.6
23.7
4.61
89.3
58.15
1980
148 177
4 981
1 521
3 460
33.6
10.3
23.4
4.49
86.9
58.75
1981
151 686
4 997
1 526
3 472
33.0
10.1
22.9
4.36
84.6
59.14
1982
155 229
5 036
1 514
3 522
32.4
9.8
22.7
4.25
82.3
59.76
1983
158 791
5 016
1 507
3 508
31.6
9.5
22.1
4.10
79.9
60.27
1984
162 332
4 986
1 502
3 484
30.7
9.3
21.5
3.94
77.6
60.73
1985
165 792
4 836
1 481
3 355
29.2
8.9
20.2
3.71
75.2
61.31
1986
169 135
4 736
1 472
3 264
28.0
8.7
19.3
3.53
72.8
61.72
1987
172 421
4 732
1 481
3 251
27.4
8.6
18.9
3.42
70.4
61.97
1988
175 695
4 738
1 495
3 244
27.0
8.5
18.5
3.33
68.0
62.21
1989
178 949
4 707
1 487
3 220
26.3
8.3
18.0
3.22
65.6
62.70
1990
182 160
4 647
1 477
3 170
25.5
8.1
17.4
3.10
63.1
63.18
1991
185 361
4 702
1 484
3 218
25.4
8.0
17.4
3.06
60.6
63.54
1992
188 558
4 644
1 468
3 176
24.6
7.8
16.8
2.94
58.1
64.13
1993
191 737
4 652
1 464
3 188
24.3
7.6
16.6
2.88
55.7
64.60
1994
194 929
4 681
1 481
3 201
24.0
7.6
16.4
2.84
53.3
64.86
1995
198 140
4 714
1 487
3 227
23.8
7.5
16.3
2.80
51.0
65.24
1996
201 374
4 762
1 519
3 244
23.6
7.5
16.1
2.77
48.9
65.36
1997
204 628
4 797
1 526
3 271
23.4
7.5
16.0
2.74
46.8
65.73
1998
207 855
4 744
1 544
3 200
22.8
7.4
15.4
2.66
44.8
65.96
1999
210 997
4 683
1 559
3 123
22.2
7.4
14.8
2.58
42.9
66.22
2000
214 072
4 680
1 581
3 099
21.9
7.4
14.5
2.54
41.1
66.43
2001
217 112
4 679
1 591
3 088
21.5
7.3
14.2
2.50
39.5
66.76
2002
220 115
4 662
1 596
3 066
21.2
7.2
13.9
2.46
37.8
67.13
2003
223 080
4 658
1 612
3 046
20.9
7.2
13.7
2.43
36.3
67.41
2004
225 939
4 678
1 807
2 871
20.7
8.0
12.7
2.42
36.9
65.75
2005
228 805
4 746
1 679
3 067
20.7
7.3
13.4
2.43
33.5
67.65
2006
231 797
4 819
1 698
3 121
20.8
7.3
13.5
2.45
32.2
67.91
2007
234 858
4 923
1 719
3 205
21.0
7.3
13.6
2.49
31.0
68.19
2008
237 937
4 927
1 763
3 164
20.7
7.4
13.3
2.48
29.8
68.23
2009
240 981
4 913
1 780
3 133
20.4
7.4
13.0
2.46
28.7
68.49
2010
244 016
4 920
1 807
3 112
20.2
7.4
12.8
2.45
27.6
68.68
2011
247 100
5 029
1 843
3 186
20.3
7.5
12.9
2.50
26.5
68.82
2012
250 223
5 028
1 875
3 153
20.1
7.5
12.6
2.49
25.6
68.97
2013
253 276
4 917
1 889
3 029
19.4
7.5
12.0
2.43
24.6
69.26
2014
256 230
4 857
1 904
2 953
19.0
7.4
11.5
2.39
23.7
69.53
2015
259 092
4 780
1 933
2 847
18.4
7.5
11.0
2.35
22.8
69.70
2016
261 850
4 718
1 972
2 746
18.0
7.5
10.5
2.31
22.0
69.80
2017
264 499
4 634
2 004
2 629
17.5
7.6
9.9
2.26
21.2
69.94
2018
267 067
4 588
2 002
2 586
17.2
7.5
9.7
2.23
20.5
70.34
2019
269 583
4 559
2 032
2 526
16.9
7.5
9.4
2.22
19.8
70.52
2020
271 858
4 526
2 437
2 089
16.6
9.0
7.7
2.19
19.2
68.81
2021
273 753
4 496
2 755
1 741
16.4
10.1
6.4
2.18
18.6
67.57
^ a b c d e CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births
Source: UN DESA , World Population Prospects, 2022[15]
Registered births and deaths
Data from Department of Statistics of Indonesia :[16]
Average population
Live births
Deaths
Natural change
Crude birth rate (per 1,000)
Crude death rate (per 1,000)
Natural change (per 1,000)
Fertility rates
2003
213,600,000
approx. 4,439,176
13.4
2004
216,400,000
approx. 4,439,176
13.3
2005
219,800,000
approx. 4,439,176
13.2
2006
222,700,000
approx. 4,439,176
13.0
2007
225,600,000
approx. 4,439,176
12.8
2008
228,500,000
approx. 4,439,176
12.5
2009
231,400,000
approx. 4,418,871
12.2
2010
237,641,326
approx. 4,418,871
1,236,154
18.6
5.2
2011
241,000,000
approx. 4,418,871
13.2
2012
244,200,000
approx. 4,418,871
13.1
2.6
2015
255,587,900
approx. 4,418,871
2016
258,496,500
approx. 4,414,499
2017
261,355,500
approx. 4,414,499
2.4
2018
264,161,600
approx. 4,414,499
2019
266,911,900
approx. 4,414,499
2020
269,603,400
approx. 4,414,499
2021
271,350,000
2.18
Fertility and Births (Demographic and Health Surveys)
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[17]
Year
Total
Urban
Rural
CBR
TFR
CBR
TFR
CBR
TFR
1981-1983
4.3
1987
3.4 (3.1)
2.9 (2.6)
3.7 (3.4)
1991
25.1
3.02 (2.50)
24.0
2.60 (2.03)
25.6
3.24 (2.73)
1994
2.9 (2.4)
2.3 (1.8)
3.2 (2.7)
1997
2.8 (2.4)
2.4 (2.0)
3.0 (2.6)
2002-2003
21.9
2.6 (2.2)
22.1
2.4 (2.1)
21.7
2.7 (2.3)
2007
20.9
2.6 (2.2)
20.2
2.3 (2.0)
21.5
2.8 (2.4)
2012
20.4
2.6 (2.0)
20.1
2.4 (1.9)
20.7
2.8 (2.2)
2017
18.1
2.4 (2.1)
17.7
2.3 (1.9)
18.5
2.6 (2.2)
According to the CIA World Factbook, in 2020 Indonesia's average total fertility rate was 2.04 children/born per woman.[18]
Fertility rate and aging population (by province)
Total fertility rate (TFR) and population over age 60 by region as of 2010:[19]
Ethnic groups
There are over 1,300 ethnic groups in Indonesia;[20] 95% of those are of Native Indonesian ancestry. Javanese is the largest group with 100 million people (42%), followed by Sundanese , who number nearly 40 million (15%).
Religions
Religion in Indonesia (2023)[21] [22]
Confucianism (0.03%)
Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation ; based on civil registration data in 2023 from Ministry of Home Affairs , 87.06% of Indonesians are Muslims , 10.47% Christians (7.41% Protestants , 3.06% Roman Catholic ), 1.68% Hindu , 0.71% Buddhists , 0.03% Confucians and 0.05% other faiths.[23] [24] Most Indonesian Hindus are Balinese [25] and most Buddhists in modern-day Indonesia are Chinese .[26]
Languages
Indonesian is the official language, but there are many different languages native to Indonesia. According to Ethnologue, there are currently 737 living languages spoken in Indonesia,[27] the most widely spoken being Javanese and Sundanese . In Western New Guinea, there are more than 270 indigenous languages in spoken form.[28] [29] Some Chinese varieties , most prominently Min Nan , are also spoken. The public use of Chinese , especially usage of Chinese characters, was dissuaded officially between 1966 and 1998.[30]
Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population
male
female
(2011 est.)
Education is free in state schools; it is compulsory for children through to grade 12. Although about 92% of eligible children are enrolled in primary school, a much smaller percentage attend full-time. About 44% of secondary school-age children attend junior high school, and some others of this age group attend vocational schools.[citation needed ]
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
Population pyramid 2016
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook ,[31] unless otherwise indicated.
Age structure
0-14 years: 23.33%
15-64 years: 70.72%
65 years and over: 5.95% (2020 census)[32] [33]
Median age
total: 31.1 years
male: 30.5 years
female: 31.8 years (2020 est.)
Birth rate
15.32 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate
6.75 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Population growth rate
1.097% (2010 est.)
1.04% (2012 est.)
0.86% (2017 est.)
0.79% (2022 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 57.9% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanisation: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate
total: 19.73 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 22.15 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
Life expectancy in Indonesia since 1927
Life expectancy in Indonesia since 1960 by gender
total population: 73.08 years
male: 70.86 years
female: 75.4 years (2022 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.01 children born/woman (2022 est.)
HIV/AIDS
Adult prevalence rate: 0.4% (2017 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 630,000 (2017 est.)
HIV/AIDS deaths: 39,000 (2017 est.)
Obesity – adult prevalence rate
6.9% (2016)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
19.9% (2013)
Nationality
noun: Indonesian(s)
adjective: Indonesian
Ethnic groups:
Javanese
Sundanese
Malay
Batak
Madurese
Betawi
Minangkabau
Buginese
Bantenese
Banjarese
Balinese
Acehnese
Dayak
Sasak
Chinese
other
(2010 est.)
Religions
Muslim
Christianity
Protestant
Roman Catholic
Hinduism
other
(includes Buddhist and Confucian)
unspecified
(2018 est.)
Languages
Indonesian (official, a form of Malay influenced by other languages of Indonesia), local languages (the most widely spoken of which is Javanese).
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 11 years
male: 12 years
female: 11 years (2005)
Education expenditures
2.8% of GDP (2014)
See also
References
^ a b c "Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia . 21 January 2021. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021 .
^ a b "Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2010" . Statistics Indonesia. Archived from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 18 May 2015 .
^ "Indonesia's full-year population in 2023" , Ministry of Home Affairs (Indonesia) (in Indonesian)
^ Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2023 ~(https://webapi.bps.go.id/download.php?f=603cXqPpJ1BhatsSfWE2yuhpRf3enmqavnkjhP1pvbLequb3n+oKUmXTRDpHn5lKFsTwDIXGUfWQB9T673DIELvjplkdUUuC2CggpdYbesXDeJGhuZe3MmwR0n6KDrcuobXbIM6h6f4XFVQcUcDvTgfOR7v0VF+ndkXkdeidcrwsp8LXQ8EEX5DP4lmBSwIQiXV7pshJjDbTb0QmuSigNSpIwyo4UJLeLJJ4NbeoCFQlQDgwCyeRXK5Qqj8sAvoWX0i1p5E64FCvTfUicFGpDQ== ).
^ Witton, Patrick (2003). Indonesia . Melbourne: Lonely Planet. p. 47. ISBN 1-74059-154-2 .
^ Shamim Adam; Berni Moestafa; Novrida Manurung (28 January 2014). "Indonesia Population Approaching U.S. Revives Birth Control" . Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2015 .
^ "Indonesia Demographics Profile" . Archived from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 14 June 2018 .
^ "Indonesia Population – Our World in Data" . ourworldindata.org . Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022 .
^ "Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2010" . Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2015 .
^ Wertheim, W. F. (1959). Indonesian Society in Transition (Second (revised) ed.). 's-Gravenhage: Uitgeverij W. van Hoeve. p. 370.
^ Geografi dan Kependudukan untuk SMP kelas 2 [Geography and Demographics for High School Grade 2 ] (in Indonesian). FA. Hasmar. 1976.
^ Nitisastro, Widjojo (2006). Population trends in Indonesia . Equinox. ISBN 9789793780436 .
^ "Long Form Sensus Penduduk 2020 - Badan Pusat Statistik" . sensus.bps.go.id . Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024 .
^ "UNSD – Demographic and Social Statistics" . Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022 .
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2022). "World Population Prospects 2022 Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XLS (91MB)) . United Nations Population Division . 27 (Online ed.). New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division . rows 8285:8356, cols M,X,AE,S,AH,S,AA,AV,AI. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022.
^ "Department of Statistics of Indonesia" . Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2021 .
^ "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys" . Archived from the original on 15 November 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2014 .
^ "Indonesia People 2020, CIA World Factbook" . Archived from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2021 .
^ http://www.ifa-fiv.org/wp-content/2014/09/Indonesian_Ageing_Monograph-print-version1.pdf [permanent dead link ]
^ "Mengulik Data Suku di Indonesia" . Badan Pusat Statistik . 18 November 2015. Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020 .
^ "Religion in Indonesia" .
^ Muslim 244 Million (87.1), Christianity 29.4 Million (10.5), Hindu 4.73 million (1.7), Buddhist 2 million (0.7), Folk, Confucianism, and others 175.064 (0.1), Total 280.725.428 Million
^ "Religion in Indonesia" .
^ Muslim 244 Million (87.1), Christianity 29.4 Million (10.5), Hindu 4.73 million (1.7), Buddhist 2 million (0.7), Folk, Confucianism, and others 175.064 (0.1), Total 280.725.428 Million
^ Oey, Eric (1997). Bali (3rd ed.). Singapore: Periplus Editions. ISBN 962-593-028-0 .
^ "Indonesia – Buddhism" . U.S. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 15 October 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2006 .
^ "ethnologue.com" . Archived from the original on 7 December 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2007 .
^ Riesberg, Sonja; Shiohara, Asako; Utsumi, Atsuko (2018). Perspectives on information structure in Austronesian languages . Language Science Press. ISBN 978-3-96110-108-5 .
^ "5 Reasons Why Companies Should Do Business in Indonesia" . NNRoad . 1 April 2020. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2020 .
^ Tiwary, Shiv Shanker; Kumar, Rajeev (2009). Encyclopaedia of Southeast Asia and Its Tribes . Anmol Publications. ISBN 978-81-261-3837-1 .
^ CIA (2012). "Indonesia" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2012 .
^ "The Indonesian Population Census 2020 Highlights" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2021.
^ "Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia: Statistics Indonesia Releases 2020 Census Results" . 23 January 2021. Archived from the original on 13 November 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022 .
External links