Cumanotoidea

Cumanotoidea
Cumanotus beaumonti
Pseudovermis paradoxus: habitus (j), lateral teeth (k), and egg mass (l)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Order: Nudibranchia
Suborder: Aeolidacea
Superfamily: Cumanotoidea
Odhner, 1907[1]
Families

See Taxonomy

Cumanotoidea is a superfamily of nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod molluscs or sea slugs, within the suborder Aeolidacea.[2]

Taxonomy

In 2020, based on morphological and molecular data, the strongly paedomorphic Pseudovermidae was recovered as a sister to Cumanotidae, with the group comprising these sister families placed as sister to superfamilies Aeolidioidea and Flabellinoidea within Aeolidacea.[3]

A 2025 study recovered this same relationship between the two families and established the superfamily Cumanotoidea to include them, with Cumanotoidea placed as sister to the superfamilies Aeolidioidea, Chudoidea, Flabellinoidea, and Flabellinopsoidea.[2]

Cumanotoidea is distinguishable from a majority of Flabellinoidea by the absence of a distinct notal edge, few regular ceratal rows not significantly branched, and special clasping organs in the female component of the reproductive system.[2]

As such, the following families are recognised in the superfamily Cumanotoidea:[2]

References

  1. ^ a b Odhner, N.H. (1907). "Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish State Museum (Riksmuseum). III. Opisthobranchia and Pteropoda". Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar. 41 (4): 1–118 – via WoRMS.
  2. ^ a b c d Korshunova, Tatiana; Fletcher, Karin; Martynov, Alexander (2025-08-01). "The endless forms are the most differentiated—how taxonomic pseudo-optimization masked natural diversity and evolution: the nudibranch case". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 204 (4) zlaf057. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf057. ISSN 0024-4082.
  3. ^ Martynov, Alexander; Lundin, Kennet; Picton, Bernard; Fletcher, Karin; Malmberg, Klas; Korshunova, Tatiana (2020-01-15). "Multiple paedomorphic lineages of soft-substrate burrowing invertebrates: parallels in the origin of Xenocratena and Xenoturbella". PLOS ONE. 15 (1) e0227173. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1527173M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227173. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6961895. PMID 31940379.
  4. ^ Thiele, J. (1931). Handbuch der Systematischen Weichtierkunde. Vol. 1. Amsterdam: A. Asher & Co. pp. 377–778.
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