Crocanthemum

Crocanthemum
Crocanthemum georgianum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Embryophytes
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Spermatophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Cistaceae
Genus: Crocanthemum
Spach (1836)
Species[1]

20, see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Heteromeris Spach (1836)
  • Trichasterophyllum Willd. ex Link (1820)

Crocanthemum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cistaceae.[1] They are native to both North and South America where they are widespread.[2] The common name frostweed relates to the ice crystals which form from sap exuding from cracks near the base of the stem in the late fall.[3]

Crocanthemum are herbaceous perennials or subshrubs with alternate leaves. With the exception of species in California, they generally produce two types of flowers: showy, yellow chasmogamous (cross-pollinated) produced earlier in the growing season, followed by cleistogamous (self-pollinated) flowers that are smaller and lack petals.[2][4] All species of Crocanthemum are fire tolerant and are found in open habitats.

Although the genus was first named in 1836 to encompass New World species of Helianthemum, it generally went unrecognized by taxonomists and its species were included in a broad concept of Helianthemum throughout much of the 1800s and 1900s. However, phylogenetic studies in 2004 and 2009 indicated that the New World species of Helianthemum were more closely related to Hudsonia than Old World Helianthemum.[2][5] This required the resurrection of the genus Crocanthemum in order to maintain monophyly.

Species

20 species are accepted.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Crocanthemum Spach". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  2. ^ a b c Crocanthemum Flora of North America
  3. ^ Niering, William A.; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers - Eastern Region. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. p. 467. ISBN 0-394-50432-1.
  4. ^ Alan Weakley (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States".
  5. ^ Guzman, Beatriz; Vargas, Pablo (21 January 2009). "Historical biogeography and character evolution of Cistaceae (Malvales) based on analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-trnF sequences" (PDF). Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 9 (2): 83–99. Bibcode:2009ODivE...9...83G. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2009.01.001. Retrieved 2019-12-11.

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