Cliftonia

This article is about the tree. For other uses, see Black titi.

Cliftonia
Apparently Secure
Apparently Secure (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Embryophytes
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Spermatophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Cyrillaceae
Genus: Cliftonia
Banks ex C.F.Gaertn.
Species:
C. monophylla
Binomial name
Cliftonia monophylla
(Lam.) Britton
Natural range of Cliftonia monophylla
Close-up of natural range of Cliftonia monophylla

Cliftonia monophylla, the buck-wheat tree, buckwheat tree or black titi, is a tree native to the southeastern United States. It is the sole species in the genus Cliftonia.

Description

Cliftonia monophylla is a tree typically reaching a height of 18 feet (5.5 m) (some specimens grow to 45 feet (14 m)) with a crooked, multi-stemmed form.[2] It is an evergreen with dark, shiny, thick leaves and white to pinkish, fragrant flower clusters.[2]

Its fruits are "five winged drupes, yellowish and buckwheat shaped; hence the common name".[2]

Ecology

Cliftonia monophylla attracts pollinators such as honeybees and is also browsed by deer.[3]

Uses

Cliftonia monophylla has no known edible or medicinal uses.[4]

References

  1. ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0 - Cliftonia monophylla, Buckwheat-tree". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  2. ^ a b c "Cliftonia monophylla (Black Titi, Buckwheat Tree, Cliftonia, Ironwood, Titi) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2026-01-14.
  3. ^ flawildflowers (2016-03-11). "Black titi". Florida Wildflower Foundation. Retrieved 2026-01-14.
  4. ^ "Cliftonia monophylla Ironwood, Buckwheat tree PFAF Plant Database". pfaf.org. Retrieved 2026-01-14.
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