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Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein responsible for condensing and packaging chromosomal DNA. Chromatin is found in both bacterial and eukaryotic...

Chromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin architecture to allow access of condensed genomic DNA to the regulatory transcription machinery...

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a type of immunoprecipitation experimental technique used to investigate the interaction between proteins and...

Bivalent chromatin are segments of DNA, bound to histone proteins, that have both repressing and activating epigenetic regulators in the same region....

salt-and-pepper chromatin, also salt-and-pepper nuclei and stippled chromatin, refers to cell nuclei that demonstrate granular chromatin (on light microscopy)...

A chromatin variant (also known as an epigenetic lesion, epimutation or epigenetic alteration) corresponds to a section of the genome that differs in...

An active chromatin sequence (ACS) is a region of DNA in a eukaryotic chromosome in which histone modifications such as acetylation lead to exposure of...

term 'chromatin', which was introduced by Walther Flemming. Some of the early karyological terms have become outdated. For example, 'chromatin' (Flemming...

Hi-C is a high-throughput genomic and epigenomic technique to capture chromatin conformation (3C). In general, Hi-C is considered as a derivative of a...

Euchromatin (also called "open chromatin") is a lightly packed form of chromatin (DNA, RNA, and protein) that is enriched in genes, and is often (but...

Chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1) is a protein complex — including Chaf1a (p150),  Chaf1b (p60), and p48 subunits in humans, or Cac1, Cac2, and Cac3...

sequencing assay capturing genomic and epigenomic information for individual chromatin fibers.  It achieves this by combining labelling of accessible DNA with...

wrapped around a spool. The nucleosome is the fundamental subunit of chromatin. Each nucleosome is composed of a little less than two turns of DNA wrapped...

Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) is a diagnostic approach that detects sperm abnormality with a large extent of DNA fragmentation. First described...

Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing) is a laboratory technique used in molecular biology to assess genome-wide chromatin accessibility. The...

in turn are wrapped into 30-nanometer fibers that form tightly packed chromatin. Histones prevent DNA from becoming tangled and protect it from DNA damage...

Chromatin Interaction Analysis by Paired-End Tag Sequencing (ChIA-PET or ChIA-PETS) is a technique in molecular biology that incorporates chromatin immunoprecipitation...

extrudes chromatin to progressively grow a loop. Chromatin on both sides of the cohesin complex is extruded until cohesin encounters a chromatin-bound CTCF...

The solenoid structure of chromatin is a model for the structure of the 30 nm fibre. It is a secondary chromatin structure which helps to package eukaryotic...

Epigenetics & Chromatin is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by BioMed Central that covers the biology of epigenetics and chromatin. Epigenetics...

Pyknosis, or karyopyknosis, is the irreversible condensation of chromatin in the nucleus of a cell undergoing necrosis or apoptosis. It is typically followed...

Chromatin bridge is a mitotic occurrence that forms when telomeres of sister chromatids fuse together and fail to completely segregate into their respective...

one of the five main histone protein families which are components of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Though highly conserved, it is nevertheless the most...

prophase. The main occurrences in prophase are the condensation of the chromatin reticulum and the disappearance of the nucleolus. Microscopy can be used...

A Barr body (named after discoverer Murray Barr) or X-chromatin is an inactive X chromosome. In species with XY sex-determination (including humans),...

Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of chromatin, which comes in multiple varieties. These varieties lie on a continuum between the two extremes...

the chromatin within the nucleus. These elements constitute anchor points of the DNA for the chromatin scaffold and serve to organize the chromatin into...

SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMARCA5 gene...

utilizes chromatin conformation capture (3C) and Oxford Nanopore Technologies' (ONT) long-read sequencing to characterize three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure...

and genetics at Johns Hopkins University. He is active in the fields of chromatin and gene expression. Carl Wu was born in Hong Kong. Wu attended St. Joseph's...

chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (PLAC-seq) is a chromatin conformation capture(3C)-based technique to detect and quantify genomic chromatin structure...

Structure of Chromatin) is a protein complex of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler family. The activity of the RSC complex allows for chromatin to be remodeled...

trimethylation regulates gene expression through chromatin remodeling by the NURF complex. This makes the DNA in the chromatin more accessible for transcription factors...

for chromatin-modifying enzymes (or transcription machinery as well). This chromatin remodeler can then cause changes to the state of the chromatin. Indeed...

from a molecule. Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes, the basic structural unit of the chromosomes and ultimately...

influences whether the histones of transcribed nucleosomes are evicted from chromatin, or reinserted behind the transcribing polymerase. RNA polymerase II is...

SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable), is a subfamily of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, which is found in eukaryotes. In other words, it...

enhancer-blocker Similar mechanism of action for enhancer-blocking insulators; chromatin loop domains are formed in the nucleus that separates the enhancer and...

as DNA replication and cell division. Additionally, it participates in chromatin organization and it anchors the nuclear pore complexes embedded in the...

bind and cleave protein-unbound regions of DNA on chromatin. DNA bound to histones or other chromatin-bound proteins (e.g. transcription factors) may remain...

sequencing and optical microscopy methods for studying gene regulation and chromatin structure. Greenleaf is a co-inventor of ATAC-seq, a widely-used epigenomic...

Chromatin accessibility complex 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRAC1 gene. CHRAC1 is a histone-fold protein that interacts with other...

inheritance. Changes to the epigenome can result in changes to the structure of chromatin and changes to the function of the genome. The human epigenome, including...

understanding dynamic processes of large molecular systems, particularly in chromatin regulation. Beat Fierz studied molecular biology and biophysical chemistry...

gene is required for chromatin remodeling, a process that regulates gene expression. By allowing for the creation of chromatin, the CHD3 gene affects...

sites of action. To allow DNA repair, the chromatin must be remodeled. In eukaryotes, ATP dependent chromatin remodeling complexes and histone-modifying...

core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, to form chromatin. H2AX contributes to nucleosome-formation, chromatin-remodeling and DNA repair, and is also used...

is called chromatin remodeling. Chromatin remodeling is one apparatus through which epigenetics acts. There are three mechanisms of chromatin remodeling...

Nuclear organization refers to the spatial organization of chromatin within a cell nucleus during interphase. There are many different levels and scales...

1985, where he started a research laboratory focused on understanding chromatin structure with regards to transcriptional regulation. Kingston was head...

nucleosomes. These nucleosomes further fold together into highly condensed chromatin, which renders the organism's genetic material far less accessible to...

and recruits the Tip60 chromatin remodeling complex to the promoters of histone genes. Tip60 activity removes inhibitory chromatin structures and drives...

regulation, insulator activity, V(D)J recombination and regulation of chromatin architecture. CCCTC-Binding factor or CTCF was initially discovered as...

Pioneer factors are transcription factors that can directly bind condensed chromatin. They can have positive and negative effects on transcription and are...

molecular biology methods used to analyze the spatial organization of chromatin in a cell. These methods quantify the number of interactions between genomic...

hypothesis regarding cellular processes that cause cancer, and for describing chromatin diminution in nematodes. His brother was industrialist Walter Boveri....

the nucleoplasm on chromatin filaments, accounted for by the switching dynamics of a protein when it is either bound to a chromatin thread or when freely...

the dispersal of condensed chromatin into the cytoplasm. The process is usually preceded by pyknosis (irreversible chromatin condensation) and followed...

complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer...

gradient of GTP-bound Ran is generated around the vicinity of mitotic chromatin. Glass beads coated with RCC1 induce microtubule nucleation and bipolar...

SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMARCB1 gene...

Laboratory of Medical Sciences, where her research group Reprogramming and Chromatin is also hosted. Petra Hajkova completed her Masters at the Charles University...

reappear, and chromosomes begin to decondense back into the expanded chromatin that is present during interphase. The mitotic spindle is disassembled...

phosphorylated residue might have drastically different consequences on chromatin structure. H3S10 and H3S28 phosphorylation is an excellent illustration...

which DNA is wrapped in the chromatin structure or else by remodeling carried out by chromatin remodeling complexes (see Chromatin remodeling). There is, further...

H2B is one of the 5 main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Featuring a main globular domain and long N-terminal...

is one of the five main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. The other histone proteins are: H1, H2B, H3 and H4...

the DNA-binding of chromatin-associated high-mobility group proteins. HMG-boxes are present in many transcription factors and chromatin-remodeling complexes...

gene priming) is the modification to a cell's epigenome whereby specific chromatin domains within a cell are converted from a closed state to an open state...

tail modifications correlate very well to chromatin structure and both histone modification state and chromatin structure correlate well to gene expression...

single-cell resolution, including whole genomes/exomes, DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, epitranscriptome (e.g., mRNAs, microRNAs...

into protein-DNA complexes called chromatin. Histones, which are the most prevalent type of protein found in chromatin, function to condense the DNA; the...

(DHSs) are regions of chromatin that are sensitive to cleavage by the DNase I enzyme. In these specific regions of the genome, chromatin has lost its condensed...

including DNA repair, telomere maintenance, glycolysis, inflammation, and Chromatin organization. SIRT6 is member of the mammalian sirtuin family of proteins...

is one of the five main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Featuring a main globular domain and a long N-terminal...

of protein complexes first discovered in fruit flies that can remodel chromatin such that epigenetic silencing of genes takes place. Polycomb-group proteins...

Chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHAF1B gene. Chromatin assembly factor I (CAF-1) is required for the...

of epigenetics, particularly chromatin regulation. She is Senior Group Leader and Director of the Department of Chromatin Regulation at the Max Planck...

Transcription activator BRG1 also known as ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler SMARCA4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMARCA4 gene. The protein...

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and histone deacetylase activities. As of 2007[update], Mi-2/NuRD was the only known protein complex that couples chromatin remodeling...

bind to lamin filaments and chromatin. New findings suggest that BAF has structural roles in nuclear assembly and chromatin organization, represses gene...

pathway is unique to plants, although other mechanisms of RNA-directed chromatin modification have also been described in fungi and animals. To date, the...

complexes with chromatin remodeling and/or histone modifying activity to methylated CpG islands. MBD proteins generally repress local chromatin such as by...

complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer...

with nucleosomes and discovery of the three-dimensional structure of chromatin. She is a Distinguished Professor at the University of Colorado Boulder...

Chromatin target of PRMT1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHTOP gene. This gene encodes a small nuclear protein that is characterized by...

Environmental Health Sciences. He leads the Chromatin and Gene Expression Group, who investigate chromatin, epigenetics and embryonic stem cells pluripotency...

ISWI (Imitation SWItch) is one of the five major DNA chromatin remodeling complex types, or subfamilies, found in most eukaryotic organisms. ISWI remodeling...

science that studies the effects of nutrition on gene expression and chromatin accessibility. It is a subcategory of nutritional genomics that focuses...

homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair, the chromatin must be remodeled. In eukaryotes, ATP dependent chromatin remodeling complexes and histone-modifying...

electron-microscopically, that the nucleosome is the smallest unit of chromatin (Cell, Vol. 4, 281–300, 1975). He accomplished much of his work from the...

into classes based on their DBDs. Other proteins such as coactivators, chromatin remodelers, histone acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases, kinases...

nonhistone, chromatin-associated protein that has no intrinsic transcriptional activity but can modulate transcription by altering the chromatin architecture"...

complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer...

Carolina at Chapel Hill. Strahl is known for his research in the field of chromatin biology and histone modifications. Strahl, with C. David Allis proposed...

of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone...

this DNA exists in a DNA-protein complex known as chromatin, while during cell division the chromatin forms the well-defined chromosomes familiar from...

coordinate DNA replication with other processes that act on the shared chromatin template to avoid DNA strand breaks and DNA damage. In January 1963, Jacob...

is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CHD1 gene. CHD1 is a chromatin remodeling protein that is widely conserved across many eukaryotic organisms...

Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) proteins is a subfamily of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes (remodelers). All remodelers fall under the umbrella...

Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Her research is focused in chromatin regulation and how changes in cellular structure can lead to human diseases...

complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer...

thread. Chromomeres are regions of chromatin that have been compacted through localized contraction. In areas of chromatin with the absence of transcription...

histone H1 is a protein family forming a critical component of eukaryotic chromatin. H1 histones bind to the linker DNA exiting from the nucleosome core particle...

complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer...

epigenetic mechanisms governing the assembly of specialised domains of chromatin and their transmission through cell division. Allshire grew up in the...

phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase: Prophase: Chromatin into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, chromosomes attach...

can substantially alter host chromatin organization. Infections have been shown to induce global compaction of host chromatin and its redistribution toward...

NPM3 are co-expressed and appear to function cooperatively during sperm chromatin remodeling, with NPM2 serving as the dominant oocyte form and NPM1 and...

eukaryotic DNA into chromatin is a barrier to all DNA-based processes that require enzyme action. For most DNA repair processes, the chromatin must be remodeled...

Ahead of the 1992 Winter Olympics, the Olympics stopped using the X-Chromatin tests. The Olympics initially replaced the X chromosome test with an SRY...

splicing isoforms that omit the chromodomain entirely. They are prominent in chromatin-associated proteins, such as the Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins and Heterochromatin...

synthesis of RNA in 1964. Since then, over several decades, chromatin theory has evolved. Chromatin subunit models as well as the notion of the nucleosome...

The INO80 subfamily of chromatin remodeling complexes are ATPases, and includes the INO80 and SWR1 complexes. One of the main roles of the INO80 subfamily...

ChiRP-Seq (Chromatin Isolation by RNA purification) is a high-throughput sequencing method to discover regions of the genome which are bound by a specific...

encoded by the ARID1B gene. ARID1B is a component of the human SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Germline mutations in ARID1B are associated with Coffin–Siris...

protein's status as a member of the complex may be subject to question. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a method used to determine the location...

keratinizing squamous-cell carcinoma, and most can be seen in other cancers such as adenocarcinoma as well (which, however, tends to have fine chromatin)....

Aaron Klug studying the nucleosome (which is the fundamental subunit of chromatin). Richmond was from 1980 to 1987 a tenured staff scientist at the MRC...

cycle. These scaffold proteins are responsible for the condensation of chromatin during mitosis. In the late 1970s, Ulrich K. Laemmli and colleagues discovered...

genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI...

which are associated with gene silencing. PRC2 regulates chromatin compaction and chromatin remodeling in several processes including the DNA damage response...

as a protein complex it binds to the chromatin. It is then inserted into the double membrane close to the chromatin. This, in turn, leads to the fusing...

complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer...

cycle. Geminin promotes early neural fate commitment by hyperacetylating chromatin. This effect allows neural genes to be accessible for transcription, promoting...

Kundu TK, Chait BT, Roeder RG (October 2001). "Human STAGA complex is a chromatin-acetylating transcription coactivator that interacts with pre-mRNA splicing...

with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene is intronless and encodes a...

nucleus accumbens region. During repair of such DNA damages, persistent chromatin alterations may occur such as in the methylation of DNA or the acetylation...

as histone acetyltransferase that regulates transcription of genes via chromatin remodeling by allowing histone proteins to wrap DNA less tightly. This...

VERNALIZATION2 (VRN2) polycomb-like complex to reduce FLC expression through chromatin remodeling. Levels of VRN2 protein increase during long-term cold exposure...

produces transcriptionally silenced heterochromatin, HDIs can render chromatin more transcriptionally active and induce epigenomic changes. HDIs have...

fall into similar functional categories of transcription regulation and chromatin modification. In most of the patients analyzed, researchers identified...

inaccessible without the assistance of other factors in the nucleus, and thus chromatin structure is a common site of regulation. Similar to the sigma factors...

Molecular function DNA binding nucleotide binding protein antigen binding chromatin binding protein binding ATP binding hydrolase activity helicase activity...

method used to analyze protein interactions with DNA. ChIP-seq combines chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with massively parallel DNA sequencing to identify...

(born 1956) is a German scientist working in the fields of epigenetics, chromatin biology, gene regulation and genome function. Thomas Jenuwein received...

minichromosome maintenance (Mcm 2–7) complex proteins, facilitated by the chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 protein (Cdt1). The ORC, Cdc6,...

in the chromatin remodelling of granule cells have been identified. This is due to mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in chromatin remodelling...

encodes the protein chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 8, which is a chromatin regulator enzyme that is essential during fetal development. CHD8 is an...

complex in mammals is a chromatin remodeling complex with multiple subunits that regulate gene expression by altering chromatin accessibility and DNA access...

indicate malignancy. Fine chromatin when inconspicuous (essentially only nucleoli seen in the nuclei), versus coarse chromatin. Sometimes "heterochromatic"...

cell cycle is allowed to progress. It is also a recruiter of several chromatin remodeling enzymes such as methylases and acetylases. pRb belongs to the...

Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune. He heads the Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics (Sanjeev Galande Lab) at the Indian Institute...

(2023-06-23). "Live-cell imaging of chromatin contacts opens a new window into chromatin dynamics". Epigenetics & Chromatin. 16 (1): 27. doi:10.1186/s13072-023-00503-9...

method for profiling open and closed chromatin. In contrast to single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (scATAC-seq), which...

are known as chromatin. Post-translational modification of histones such as histone phosphorylation has been shown to modify the chromatin structure by...

improvement over CUT&RUN because it does not require cells to be lysed or chromatin to be fractionated. CUT&RUN is not suitable for single-cell platforms...

are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. Two transcript variants encoding different...

through epigenetic mechanisms that are highly dynamic in regulating the chromatin structure as well as specific gene transcription programs. Epigenetics...

pluripotency. It is thought that they achieve this through alterations in chromatin structure, such as histone modification and DNA methylation, to restrict...

Chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHAF1A gene. Chromatin assembly factor I (CAF-1) is a nuclear complex...

by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) results in an expansion of local chromatin structure, allowing transcription to occur by enabling RNA polymerase...

for genome integrity including DNA damage repair, DNA replication and chromatin compaction. H4K20me2 is the most common methylation state on histone H4...

Molecular function histone binding metal ion binding protein binding chromatin binding histone acetyltransferase regulator activity Cellular component...

copies of each chromosomal DNA molecule resulting from DNA replication in chromatin form) are linked along their length by the action of the cohesin complex...

molecular biology protocol used to map the binding sites of DNA- and chromatin-binding proteins in eukaryotes. DamID identifies binding sites by expressing...

chromatin fiber is further compacted by the interaction of a linker histone, H1, with the DNA between the nucleosomes to form higher order chromatin structures...

Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding methylated histone binding chromatin binding protein binding Cellular component heterochromatin euchromatin...

[RNQ+], [PIN+] Promotes aggregation of other prions Swi1 S. cerevisiae Chromatin remodeling [SWI+] Poor growth on some carbon sources 2008 Cyc8 S. cerevisiae...

more condensed 30 nm fiber. Most of the time, between cell divisions, chromatin is optimized to allow easy access of transcription factors to active genes...

higher-order chromatin architecture with gene regulation. By binding to MARs and tethering these to the nuclear matrix, SATB1 creates chromatin loops. By...

Malinin VV (January 2004). "Effects of short peptides on lymphocyte chromatin in senile subjects". Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 137...

responsible for nuclear organisation; they have been suggested to promote chromatin loop formation by two potential mechanisms: The first mechanism suggests...

are known as chromatin. Post-translational modification of histones such as histone phosphorylation has been shown to modify the chromatin structure by...

ATPase / helicase domain, and thus it belongs to the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodeling proteins. ATRX is required for deposition of the histone variant...

expression through acetylation of nucleosomal histones in the context of chromatin. They contain a bromodomain, which helps them recognize and bind to acetylated...

main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor (mainly found as a chromatin-binding protein) that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen. In humans...

complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer...

and demonstrated that the region insulated activated LAT chromatin from repressed chromatin that would otherwise produce the lytic protein HHV Infected...

progressively grow loops of DNA or chromatin. In this process, SMC complexes, such as condensin or cohesin, bind to DNA/chromatin, use ATP-driven motor activity...

Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz, referring to the term chromatin, was introduced by Walther Flemming. Scientists also discovered plant...

reorganisation. In 2014, Narlikar started to teach a summer course on Chromatin, Epigenetics, and Gene Expression at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory...

Diagram of the nucleus showing the ribosome-studded outer nuclear membrane, nuclear pores, DNA (complexed as chromatin), and the nucleolus....

epigenetic modifications, including histone modification, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and RNA silencing. If the clonal descendants of a modified...

and condensing it into chromatin, causing the virus to become dormant, or latent. If cells are unsuccessful and the chromatin is loosely bundled, the...

ATP-dependent 'chromatin' or 'nucleosome' remodeling factor that in humans is encoded by the CHD7 gene. CHD7 is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler homologous...

The history of life on Earth traces the processes by which living and extinct organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to the present day...

complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer...

scaffold to recruit proteins involved in DNA replication, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling and epigenetics. Many proteins interact with PCNA via the two...

H3K9me2 has also been found in megabase blocks, termed Large Organised Chromatin K9 domains (LOCKS), which are primarily located within gene-sparse regions...

DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific chromatin binding Cellular component nucleoplasm fibrillar center cytosol nucleus...

established that the nuclear location, physical compaction and local chromatin environment of many genes was important for maintaining heritable silencing...

both canonical H3 histones in a subset of nucleosomes within centromeric chromatin. CENPA has the greatest sequence divergence of the histone H3 variants...

the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. His laboratory identified chromatin remodeling factors important for gene regulation in normal and cancer...

species of biting fly Tit Chromatin Interaction Analysis by Paired-End Tag Sequencing (ChIA-PET) is a technique to determine chromatin interactions which shares...

of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone...

lysis from λύειν lyein, "to separate") is the complete dissolution of chromatin in a dying cell caused by enzymatic degradation through endonucleases...

involve the mitotic apparatus (spindle formation) or the condensation of chromatin into chromosomes prior to cellular division. Several instances of cell...

KASH-domain families. Members of the LEM-domain family play a part in chromatin organisation [citation needed]. SUN- and KASH-domains participate in linking...

genes by remodeling broad chromatin domains. While it has been known for some time that RNA is an integral component of chromatin, it is only recently that...

elegans (C. elegans). Ahringer's research group studies the regulation of chromatin structure and function in gene expression and genome organization using...

be either obligate aerobes or anaerobes, there were varying levels of chromatin-remodeling proteins. The obligate aerobes were later found to have a defective...

independence of junior scientists. The Department of Chromatin Regulation, under Asifa Akhtar, aims to study chromatin and epigenetic mechanisms within gene regulation...

ion binding Hsp70 protein binding protein binding hydrolase activity chromatin binding transcription factor binding deacetylase activity Cellular component...

Histone H3 is one of the five main histones involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Featuring a main globular domain and a long N-terminal...

SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMARCD3 gene...

methylation of histones H3 and H4 is associated with a more accessible chromatin structure and thus higher levels of transcription. The existence of arginine...

recombination. Chromatin (red loops) is attached to its sexual leg and toe, extending from both sister chromatids. B Top: Set of tomato SCs. Chromatin "sheaths"...

replication, recombination, and DNA repair. They can also alter the chromatin epigenetic landscape, helping to stabilize cell identity. There is still...

vesicular (i.e. containing small fluid-filled sacs) nuclei, vesicular chromatin, and 2–3 small nucleoli often located adjacent to the nuclear membrane...

complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer...

CDT1 (Chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDT1 gene. It is a licensing factor that functions...

thousands of quantitative predictions, including gene-expression levels, chromatin accessibility, three-dimensional genome contacts and RNA-splicing junctions...

1186/s12958-022-01018-w. PMC 9555066. PMID 36224627. Kouzarides T (February 2007). "Chromatin modifications and their function". Cell. 128 (4): 693–705. doi:10.1016/j...

The nucleus is contained within a nuclear envelope with nuclear pores. Chromatin is loosely packed and consists of euchromatin. Panel (B) human VSELs are...

SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMARCD1 gene...

protein. Histone H3 phosphorylation at threonine 11 establishes a unique chromatin mark for transcriptional control. The levels of phosphorylated H3T11 are...

methylation of histones H3 and H4 is associated with a more accessible chromatin structure and thus higher levels of transcription. The existence of arginine...

variety of histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes and chromatin remodelling factors, leading to chromatin compaction and, consequently, to transcriptional...

functional component of chromatin and as an activator of P53. He demonstrated the histone chaperone activity and the acetylation of chromatin transcription and...

oxidoreductase activity chromatin DNA binding histone H3-tri/di-methyl-lysine-27 demethylase activity histone demethylase activity chromatin binding sequence-specific...

ribosomal RNA transcription by interacting with TIP5, part of the NoRC chromatin remodeling complex. Ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) encodes for ribosomal RNA...

are known as chromatin. Post-translational modification of histones such as histone phosphorylation has been shown to modify the chromatin structure by...

of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone...

genomic DNA of eukaryotes associates with histones to form chromatin. The level of chromatin compaction depends heavily on histone methylation and other...

Carcinoma (HCC) H3Q5ser Promotes HCC tumor progression by increasing chromatin accessibility, leading to increased MYC transcriptional activity (Dong...

epigenetic changes in DNA methylation, as well as chromatin remodeling. The epigenetic state of chromatin may pose a risk for the development of substance...

antagonizing chromatin-mediated transcriptional repression. This subunit may be involved in the regulation of genes by structural modulation of their chromatin, specifically...

phosphorylated residue might have drastically different consequences on chromatin structure. H3S10 and H3S28 phosphorylation is an excellent illustration...

which strongly absorbed basophilic dyes, which he named chromatin. He identified that chromatin was correlated to threadlike structures in the cell nucleus...

helicase activity ATPase activity protein binding identical protein binding chromatin DNA binding ATP binding hydrolase activity RNA polymerase II core promoter...

et al. (2008). "Esco2 is a novel corepressor that associates with various chromatin modifying enzymes". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 372 (2): 298–304. doi:10...

with a particular emphasis on transcriptional regulation and the role of chromatin Sirtuins: a family of proteins that influence the aging process by inhibiting...

O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. The HDAC activity of Sir2 results in tighter packaging of chromatin and a reduction in transcription at the targeted gene locus. The silencing...

histones to form nucleosomes, and then their organisation into higher-order chromatin fibres. The quaternary structure of DNA strongly affects how accessible...

(October 6, 2013). "Transposition of native chromatin for fast and sensitive epigenomic profiling of open chromatin, DNA-binding proteins and nucleosome position"...

ontology Molecular function protein N-terminus binding protein binding chromatin binding Cellular component nucleus nucleoplasm nuclear speck Sin3 complex...

genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI...

cell membrane are thecal vesicles. DNA in the cell exists in the form of chromatin coils tightly compacted together. It is condensed in the nucleus alongside...

binding protein N-terminus binding polynucleotide 3'-phosphatase activity chromatin binding metal ion binding damaged DNA binding phosphoprotein binding protein...

BioGPS More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function chromatin binding protein binding identical protein binding RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory...

"beads and string model", which is made by using an ionic solution on the chromatin. Linker DNA connects to histone H1 and histone H1 sits on the nucleosome...

action. To allow repair of double-strand breaks in DNA, the chromatin must be remodeled. Chromatin relaxation occurs rapidly at the site of a DNA damage. In...

structure is anomalous compared to proper chromatin from chromosomes. In 2025, it was discovered that formation of chromatin is guided by the sequences of the...

Mediator's involvement in elongation and processing. Mediator is involved in chromatin looping, which brings distant regions of a chromosome into closer physical...

are classed as epigenetic inheritance systems. DNA methylation marking chromatin, self-sustaining metabolic loops, gene silencing by RNA interference and...

DAnCER (disease-annotated chromatin epigenetics resource) is a database for chromatin modifications and their relation to human disease. It was developed...

surrounding the nucleus. There are many chromatin inside the nucleus, and one large, irregular-shaped karyosome. The chromatin is clumped, and uneven in disperse...

of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone...

and control access to the DNA, forming a material called chromatin; in eukaryotes, chromatin is usually composed of nucleosomes, segments of DNA wound...

American molecular biologist and biochemist known for his pioneering work in chromatin biology and gene regulation. Over a career spanning more than six decades...

acetylation regulation of chromatin organization transcription, DNA-templated regulation of transcription, DNA-templated chromatin organization histone H3-K9...

open chromatin. As red blood cells mature, the size of the nucleus decreases, until it finally disappears with the condensation of the chromatin material...

Subtelomeres are segments of DNA between telomeric caps and chromatin. Telomeres are specialized protein–DNA constructs present at the ends of eukaryotic...

"Lysine-specific histone demethylase LSD1 and the dynamic control of chromatin". (review). Biological Chemistry. 394 (8): 1019–1028. doi:10.1515/hsz-2013-0119...

hormone activity G protein-coupled receptor binding hormone activity chromatin binding double-stranded DNA binding Cellular component extracellular region...

methyltransferase activity (H4-K20 specific) transcription corepressor activity chromatin binding transcription coregulator activity metal ion binding retinoid...

for healthy men. Zinc serves to help to stabilize the DNA-containing chromatin in the sperm cells. A zinc deficiency may result in lowered fertility...

mRNA binding histone deacetylase binding transcription factor binding chromatin binding mRNA 3'-UTR AU-rich region binding DNA binding nucleic acid binding...

et al. (2002). "Isolating human transcription factor targets by coupling chromatin immunoprecipitation and CpG island microarray analysis". Genes Dev. 16...

abundant. They also have less prominent nucleoli than myeloblasts and their chromatin is more coarse and clumped. The cytoplasm is basophilic and contains primary...

part of the process of chromatin assembly, critical for the proper growth and maintenance of cells. ACF (for ATP-utilising chromatin assembly and remodeling...

complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer...

regulation of gene expression. Hyperacetylated chromatin is transcriptionally active, and hypoacetylated chromatin is silent. A study on mice found that a specific...

In dying cells, DNA is cleaved by an endonuclease that fragments the chromatin into nucleosomal units, which are multiples of about 180-bp oligomers...

impact of chromatin structure on alternative splicing. Kornblihtt's research team demonstrated that alternative splicing is impacted by chromatin structure...

transcriptional level. The formation of bubbles depends on the structure of chromatin, the DNA sequence, and transcription factor, including H3K27ac histone...

Her laboratory focuses on epigenetic regulation by the BAF (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes in diverse physiological processes including development...

several sections(two to five segments); each section is connected by chromatin filaments. Neutrophils do not normally exit the bone marrow until maturity...

liver nuclei revealed that lamins have an architectural relationship with chromatin and nuclear pores. Later in 1978, immunolabeling techniques revealed that...

(2001). "Mitotic phosphorylation prevents the binding of HMGN proteins to chromatin". Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (15): 5169–78. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.15.5169-5178.2001...

also have any of the following: an irregular nuclear membrane, granular chromatin, centronuclear vacuolization, and pseudonuclear inclusions. Five subtypes...

within the nucleus where DNA is packaged into nucleosomes and higher order chromatin structures. The complexity of the eukaryotic genome necessitates a great...

severe substance-use disorder. Renthal W, Nestler EJ (September 2009). "Chromatin regulation in drug addiction and depression". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience...

Yamini Dalal is an Indian-American biochemist specialized in chromatin structure and epigenetic mechanisms. She is a senior investigator at the National...

autoubiquitination visual learning regulation of behavioral fear response chromatin organization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez...

Hayakawa T, Haraguchi T, Hiraoka Y, Yoneda Y (2002). "Interaction of the chromatin compaction-inducing domain (LR domain) of Ki-67 antigen with HP1 proteins"...

two bromodomains, a conserved sequence motif which may be involved in chromatin targeting. This gene has been implicated as the chromosome 19 target of...

accessible DNA regions in the genome. Both the protocols for identifying open chromatin regions have biases depending on underlying nucleosome structure. For...

in transcription:[citation needed] Signal transduction Chromatin, chromatin remodeling, chromatin domains Transcription Post-transcriptional modification...

specific chromatin structures, such as altered nuclear positioning, lack of a nucleosome-depleted region (NDR) at the promoter, weak chromatin phasing...

Molecular function nucleic acid binding chromatin binding protein binding RNA binding Cellular component cytoplasm chromatin membrane nucleus nuclear membrane...

complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer...

examine gene regulation or to analyze transcription factor and other chromatin-associated protein binding. Protein-DNA interactions regulate gene expression...

that in humans is encoded by the CHD1L gene. It has been implicated in chromatin remodeling and DNA relaxation process required for DNA replication, repair...

nucleobases. The DNA organization at the level of histones, nucleosomes, and chromatin also affects its susceptibility to radiation damage. Clustered damage...

have a large endosome somewhat off-center and small amounts of visible chromatin or none at all. Cysts are small, with a spherical to ellipsoidal shape...

and epistatic mini-array profiles (E-MAPs) reveal pathways involved in chromatin function (2006) Doctoral advisor Jack Greenblatt Academic work Institutions...

which the structure of chromatin and its transcriptional state is regulated. DNA is wrapped into a DNA–protein complex called chromatin in the nucleus of eukaryotic...

the base of chromatin loops to the nuclear matrix but there are conflicting views as to whether this protein is a component of chromatin, the nuclear...

BioGPS More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function chromatin binding protein binding enzyme binding estrogen receptor binding retinoid...

of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone...

; Peiró, S. (2 January 2020). "LOXL2-mediated H3K4 oxidation reduces chromatin accessibility in triple-negative breast cancer cells". Oncogene. 39 (1):...

nuclear structures, called PML-nuclear bodies, which form amongst the chromatin of the cell nucleus. These nuclear bodies are present in mammalian nuclei...

complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer...

transcription by RNA polymerase II histone deacetylation biological process chromatin organization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez...

mediator peptidyl-arginine methylation, to symmetrical-dimethyl arginine chromatin organization histone arginine methylation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs...

the Myc oncogene and other factors that regulate stem and cancer cell chromatin including histone variant H3.3. Knoepfler did his postdoctoral studies...

human MCM8 in prereplication complex assembly by recruiting hcdc6 to chromatin". Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (4): 1560–8. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.4.1560-1568.2005...

regions of the genome are reversibly inactivated by changes in chromatin structure (chromatin is the complex of DNA and proteins that make chromosomes). In...

Tong JK, Hassig CA, Schnitzler GR, Kingston RE, Schreiber SL (1998). "Chromatin deacetylation by an ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelling complex". Nature...

In genetics, a hypersensitive site is a short region of chromatin and is detected by its super sensitivity to cleavage by DNase I and other various nucleases...

SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 2 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the SMARCD2 gene...

NIPBL binds dynamically to chromatin principally through an association with cohesin. NIPBL's movement within chromatin is consistent with a mechanism...

Chromosome condensation refers to the process by which dispersed interphase chromatin is transformed into a set of compact, rod-shaped structures during mitosis...

PRC2 protein complex (Polycomb Repressive Complex 2), which regulates chromatin structure and gene expression, and has been found to repress transcription...

BAP1 has also been shown to associate with other factors involved in chromatin modulation and transcriptional regulation, such as Host cell factor C1...

MOWChIP-seq (Microfluidic Oscillatory Washing–based Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation followed by sequencing) is a microfluidic technology used in molecular...

Ponstingl H (Jun 1997). "Human Supt5h protein, a putative modulator of chromatin structure, is reversibly phosphorylated in mitosis". FEBS Letters. 409...

DNA-SCARS (short for DNA segments with chromatin alterations reinforcing senescence) are nuclear substructures with persistent DNA damage and DNA damage...

mitochondrial translation. Ramakrishnan is also known for his work on histone and chromatin structure. As of 2019[update] his most cited papers according to Google...

histone acetylation generally enhances transcription by loosening chromatin structure. Chromatin remodelers work by dynamically altering nucleosome positioning...

of the SCA7 gene, located on chromosome 3. It is a subunit of the SAGA chromatin remodeling complex, which regulates gene expression; it contains 892 amino...

increased risk of miscarriage. Tests such as the TUNEL assay, SCSA (Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay), and Comet assay are commonly used to measure DNA fragmentation...

is organized with histone proteins in specific complexes called chromatin. The chromatin structure functions and facilitates the packaging, organization...

quantitative trait loci (eQTL) Methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) Chromatin accessibility quantitative trait loci (caQTL) Binding quantitative trait...

Paraformaldehyde is also used to crosslink proteins to DNA, as used in ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) which is a technique to determine which part of DNA...

(UBF). SIRT7 is localized to the nucleolus and interacts with RNA Pol I. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate that SIRT7 localizes to rDNA,...

progressive and directional Nucleus 'Ring and dot' appearance: peripheral chromatin and central karyosome Mode of reproduction Binary fission Pathogenesis...

within regions of linker DNA. Accessible genomic regions are areas of open chromatin that frequently contain actively bound transcription factor binding sites...

reference expression data BioGPS n/a Gene ontology Molecular function chromatin binding protein binding Cellular component synaptonemal complex meiotic...

proteins. These proteins organize the DNA into a compact structure called chromatin. In eukaryotes, this structure involves DNA binding to a complex of small...

Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2010-01-29. "ChromDB::Chromatin Database". Archived from the original on 2019-04-10. Retrieved 2010-01-29...

Barbour, Virginia (1997). Regulation of the human α-globin genes by their chromatin context. jisc.ac.uk (DPhil thesis). University of Oxford. OCLC 43192909...

Hassig CA, Schnitzler GR, Kingston RE, Schreiber SL (October 1998). "Chromatin deacetylation by an ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelling complex". Nature...

resides in the cell nucleus packed into dense chromosome structures. Chromatin refers to the combination of DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes...

binding DNA binding histone methyltransferase activity (H4-K20 specific) chromatin binding metal ion binding protein binding histone-lysine N-methyltransferase...

heat shock genes). Chromatin structure inhibition is the process wherein the promoter is hidden by chromatin structure. Chromatin structure is controlled...

or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), neutrophils release granule proteins and chromatin to form an extracellular fibril matrix known as NET through an active...

ontology Molecular function protein binding methylated histone binding chromatin binding single-stranded RNA binding Cellular component PcG protein complex...

gluconeogenesis. Biotinylation of histone proteins in nuclear chromatin plays a role in chromatin stability and gene expression. The US National Academy of...

level. DNA-DNA chromatin networks are used to clarify the activation or suppression of genes via the relative location of strands of chromatin. These interactions...

GEMIN7 DDX20 COIL Perinucleolar compartment PTBP1 CUGBP1 TCOF ATXN7 Other Chromatin Dot (PML body) Paraspeckle SMC protein: Cohesin SMC1A SMC1B SMC3 Condensin...

BioGPS More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function chromatin binding structural constituent of muscle RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding...

express different genes. Histone methylation, as a mechanism for modifying chromatin structure is associated with stimulation of neural pathways known to be...

Nucleosome Remodeling Factor (NURF) is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) that catalyzes...

transcription is a result of decreased chromatin condensation, while decreased transcription results from increased chromatin condensation. Methyl marks on the...

"leukocytoid lymphocyte", round-to-lobulated nucleus, mature clumped chromatin with or without nucleoli and with varying degree of basophilia in the...

expression data BioGPS n/a Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding chromatin binding Cellular component membrane chromosome nucleus nucleoplasm cell...

DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific chromatin binding transcription coactivator activity transcription factor binding...

histone H3, and methylation of this residue is associated with active chromatin. This protein also contains a novel transcriptional activation domain...

Mechtler K, Ponting CP, Allis CD, Jenuwein T (2000). "Regulation of chromatin structure by site-specific histone H3 methyltransferases". Nature. 406...

Apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer in the nucleus is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACIN1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000100813...

protein. As shown by Borrmann et al., HMGA2 targets and modifies the chromatin architecture at the ERCC1 gene, reducing its expression. These authors...

strands of chromatin relative to each other plays an important role in the activation or suppression of certain genes. DNA-DNA Chromatin Networks help...

"Menin inhibitor ziftomenib (KO-539) synergizes with drugs targeting chromatin regulation or apoptosis and sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia with MLL...

in DNA, the chromatin needs to be relaxed to allow DNA repair, either by HRR or by NHEJ. There are two pathways that result in chromatin relaxation, one...

Follicular dendritic cells have round nuclei, centrally located nucleoli, bland and dispersed chromatin, and flattening of adjacent nuclear membrane....

activity (H3-K36 specific) Cellular component nucleus nucleoplasm chromosome chromatin Biological process histone methylation methylation regulation of transcription...

These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and mRNA decay. The average adult human...

HIV-1 TAT-interactive protein. HATs play important roles in regulating chromatin remodeling, transcription and other nuclear processes by acetylating histone...

the Rockefeller University. He was also the Head of the Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, and a professor at the Tri-Institutional MD–PhD...

H3-methyl-lysine-9 demethylase activity dioxygenase activity metal ion binding chromatin binding enzyme binding histone demethylase activity androgen receptor...

DNA-binding transcription factor activity transcription coactivator activity chromatin binding histone acetyltransferase activity (H4-K8 specific) histone acetyltransferase...

CUL4B protein. CUL4A regulates numerous key processes such as DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, spermatogenesis, haematopoiesis and the mitotic cell cycle...

H2A-K5 acetylation histone H2B-K12 acetylation epigenetic maintenance of chromatin in transcription-competent conformation positive regulation of protein...

protein localizes to the nucleus and is thought to associate with specific chromatin regions. TRIM28 is a member of the tripartite motif family. This tripartite...

food. A. proteus possesses a thick-walled nucleus containing granular chromatin, and is therefore a eukaryote. Its membrane consists of a phospholipid...

hemalum complex to DNA and to carboxy groups of proteins in the nuclear chromatin.[citation needed] The structures do not have to be acidic or basic to...

cytoplasm (cytokinesis) and chromatin. This occurs through the synthesis of a new nuclear envelope that forms around the chromatin gathered at each pole. The...

acetylation histone H4-K8 acetylation DNA repair protein deubiquitination chromatin organization positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II...

found to be highly variable among these initial studies. Using explicit chromatin signature peaks, a significant proportion (~70%) of extragenic RNA Pol...

In reality, during the G0 and G1 phases, nuclear DNA is dispersed as chromatin and does not show visually distinguishable chromosomes even on micrography...

proteins that modulate transcriptionally active or repressed chromatin states through chromatin remodeling activities. In SETDB1, the SET domain is bifurcated...

binding Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol cohesin complex chromosome chromatin synaptonemal complex chromosome, centromeric region nucleus nucleoplasm...

BioGPS More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function chromatin binding protein binding lysine-acetylated histone binding Cellular component...

"Chromatin"). The protein complexes are composed of 4 pairs of histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. The DNA plus these protein complexes is called chromatin...

FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription, sometimes facilitates chromatin transactions) is a heterodimeric protein complex that affects eukaryotic RNA...

miR-873 is associated with translational regulation of factors involved in chromatin remodelling, and is downregulated by the human T-cell leukaemia virus...

function long-chain fatty acid transporter activity transporter activity chromatin binding fatty acid binding bile acid binding antioxidant activity protein...

complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer...

tetranucleotides. It acts on single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA, and chromatin. In addition to its role as a waste-management endonuclease, it has been...

domain found in a variety of eukaryotic transcriptional regulators and chromatin-associated proteins. It is named after three proteins in which it was...

stained chromatin with at least one chromatin-free cavity, occasionally presenting nuclear rarefraction zones. Apale have a less dense chromatin, while...

diffuse staining indicates the presence of anti-histone antibodies, chromatin, and some double-stranded DNA. Ninety-six percent of patients with lupus...

cis-regulatory element that enhances expression of linked genes at distal chromatin sites. It functions in a copy number-dependent manner and is tissue-specific...

Gene ontology Molecular function transferase activity amino acid binding chromatin binding L-allo-threonine aldolase activity protein binding catalytic activity...

the Royal Society (2012) FMedSci (2001) Scientific career Fields Cancer Chromatin Transcription Institutions University of Leeds University of Cambridge...

Molecular function DNA-binding transcription factor activity DNA binding chromatin DNA binding metal ion binding nucleic acid binding DNA-binding transcription...

is one of the main mechanisms implicated in the process of chromatin remodeling. Chromatin remodeling affects the regulation of gene expression by altering...

interferon induction. Prior work has shown that certain characteristics of chromatin may contribute to the poised transcriptional state allowing faster re-induction...

are also called caterpillar cells, as they have an ovoid nucleus and chromatin that is condensed toward the center of the nucleus in a wavy rod-like...

An illustration showing the superhelical structure of chromatin...

tumor of superficial soft tissues CHAF1A (chromatin assembly factor-1), a protein complex maintaining chromatin Conductive anodic filament, an electrochemical...

kinases, and may play a key role in modulating the nucleosome structure of chromatin by ensuring a constant supply of histones at sites of nucleosome assembly...

Associated Proteins (SAR or MAR) have some role in the organisation of chromatin in the living cell. There is evidence that the nuclear matrix is involved...

ATAC-seq Chromatin immunoprecipitation ChIP-exo ChIP-on-chip ChIP-seq CUT&RUN CUT&TAG Chromosome conformation capture ChIA-PET (also chromatin immunoprecipitation)...

almost identical HMG-box DNA-binding domains which function to modify chromatin structure. "Entrez Gene: TOX high mobility group box family member 2"...

the low-affinity general binding is involved in DNA condensation. In chromatin-immunoprecipitation coupled with DNA sequencing (ChIP-Seq), HU does not...

protein. It is a covalent modification known as a mark of newly replicated chromatin as well as replication-independent histone replacement. H3K56ac is catalyzed...

Micrograph showing the viral cytopathic effect of herpes simplex virus (multi-nucleation, ground glass chromatin). Pap test. Pap stain....

binding single-stranded RNA binding nucleoside-triphosphatase activity chromatin DNA binding 3'-5' DNA/RNA helicase activity 3'-5' RNA helicase activity...

recruit so-called co-activators (such as CBP) that in turn can open up chromatin structure or recruit basal transcription factors. C/EBP proteins interact...

binds to the inactive X-chromosome through a chromatin binding region of the RNA transcript. The Xist chromatin binding region was first elucidated in female...

The genes encoding these proteins are highly active. Typically their chromatin structure is very open, allowing access for the transcription enzymes...

encoded by the BRPF1 gene located on 3p26-p25. Peregrin is a multivalent chromatin regulator that recognizes different epigenetic marks and activates three...

material in the nucleus consists of loosely packed chromatin. At the onset of prophase, chromatin fibers condense into discrete chromosomes that are typically...

transcription, DNA-templated histone H3-K36 demethylation midbrain development chromatin organization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez...

ChIP-on-chip (also known as ChIP-chip) is a technology that combines chromatin immunoprecipitation ('ChIP') with DNA microarray ("chip"). Like regular...

Kathrin Muegge is a German physician and molecular biologist researching chromatin organization during embryonic development and in tumor progression. She...

cell in the top center is an abnormal erythroblast: it is multinucleated, with megaloblastoid nuclear chromatin. This is diagnostic of erythroleukemia....

components in the image). RANBP9 brings the CTLH complex to DNA regions (chromatin), where it helps control gene expression by affecting how accessible certain...

octamer. It can assemble nucleosomes in vitro and can decondense sperm chromatin similar to nucleoplasmin. NPM1 histone chaperone activity has been suggested...

gene-poor, generally stain darkly in G-banding. In contrast, less condensed chromatin (euchromatin)—which tends to be rich with guanine and cytosine (GC-rich...

highly conserved BET bromodomains and displace BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 from chromatin simultaneously. Functional redundancy between BRD2 and BRD3 suggests that...

(scattered cells with peripheral margination of chromatin and clear nuclei, created by displacement of chromatin to the peripheral nucleus by EBV replication)...

formation of 18S rRNA (an essential component of the ribosome), regulating chromatin function, and facilitating secretion of proteins by directing specific...

fast-scanning random-access STED microscopy, and quantitative microscopy to study chromatin organization and dynamics. Current projects include single-molecule optical...

complexes formed by the looping of the DNA are known as chromatin. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome: this consists of the core octamer...

zinc ion binding metal ion binding protein binding magnesium ion binding chromatin binding ATP binding ATPase activity protein homodimerization activity...

process called chromatin remodeling. Chromatin is the network of DNA and protein that packages DNA into chromosomes. The structure of chromatin can be changed...

exon. When the chromatin within the gene body is not methylated, HP1 does not bind and the EDA exon is transcribed. When the chromatin is methylated,...

include methylation of CpG islands of a gene promoter as well as specific chromatin histone modifications. Faulty repair of chromosomes at sites of DNA damage...

embryonic stem cells to approach questions on the functional role of chromatin 3D organization, including the role of CTCF and cohesin during the differentiation...

peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 5-hydroxy-L-lysine erythrocyte development chromatin organization positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated protein...

expression and the creation of RNA genes. This regulation extends to chromatin re-organization and the regulation of genomic architecture. The different...

may involve both post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) as well as chromatin-dependent gene silencing (CDGS) pathways. CDGS involves the assembly of...

actively running its Chromatin Biology laboratory until his death. He has been credited as the first scientist to initiate Chromatin Biology research in...

Similar to other anthracyclines, it also induces histone eviction from chromatin. It belongs to the family of drugs called antitumor antibiotics. It is...

Oppermann, U; Klose, RJ (February 2009). "Dynamic protein methylation in chromatin biology". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 66 (3): 407–22. doi:10...

methylation of histones H3 and H4 is associated with a more accessible chromatin structure and thus higher levels of transcription. The existence of arginine...

the nuclear lamina normally provides is necessary for the organizing of chromatin during mitosis, weakening of the nuclear lamina limits the ability of...

ASXL1 gene. In Drosophila, the Additional sex combs (Asx) gene encodes a chromatin-binding protein required for normal determination of segment identity...

reverse gyrase could be the use of positive supercoiling to assemble chromatin-like structures. In 1997, scientists discovered another important feature...

in DDB2 is characteristic of proteins involved in the recognition of chromatin proteins. The C-terminal region of DDB2 (a 48 kDa molecular weight protein)...

expression data Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding protein binding chromatin binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific...

DNA fragmentation are: SCD (sperm chromatin dispersion test), ISNT (in situ nick translation), SCSA (sperm chromatin structural assay) and comet assay...

information on the three-dimensional structure and nuclear organization of chromatin. Bioinformatic challenges in this field include partitioning the genome...

chromatids. chromatin A complex of DNA, RNA, and protein found in eukaryotic cells that is the primary substance comprising chromosomes. Chromatin functions...

deacetylases and (with Michael Grunstein and David Allis) the demonstration that chromatin marks regulate gene expression, the development and application of diversity-oriented...

PMC 167642. PMID 12853645. Bednar, Jan; Dimitrov, Stefan (2011-07-01). "Chromatin under mechanical stress: from single 30 nm fibers to single nucleosomes"...

Gene ontology Molecular function nucleic acid binding protein binding chromatin binding RNA binding Cellular component nucleus nucleoplasm NELF complex...

transcription mRNA splicing, via spliceosome epigenetic maintenance of chromatin in transcription-competent conformation transcription initiation from...

TRRAP is an adaptor protein, which is found in various multiprotein chromatin complexes with histone acetyltransferase activity (HAT), which in turn...

SWI/SNF SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily, a member 3 0.999 - TATA Box Vertebrate TATA binding protein...

transcription and most likely in all eukaryotic biological processes that involve chromatin". Acetylation is one type of post-translational modification of proteins...

finger-like motif in this protein is necessary for interactions with chromatin components, specifically with histone H3 that is trimethylated at lysine...

methylation of histones H3 and H4 is associated with a more accessible chromatin structure and thus higher levels of transcription. The existence of arginine...

a nucleus can properly deliver oxygen. Chromatin diminution is a process of partial elimination of chromatin genetic material from genome of prospective...

genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF...

Follicular dendritic cells have round nuclei, centrally located nucleoli, bland and dispersed chromatin, and flattening of adjacent nuclear membrane....

transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific chromatin binding damaged DNA binding chromatin DNA binding methylated histone binding Cellular component...

binding chromatin DNA binding histone H3-methyl-lysine-9 demethylase activity Cellular component intracellular anatomical structure nucleoplasm chromatin nucleus...

Sheng-chao (3 April 2025). "Telomere-to-telomere genome assembly and 3D chromatin architecture of Centella asiatica insight into evolution and genetic basis...

an FRB domain fused to a chromatin modifying complex binds to FKBP. Whenever RAP is added to the cells, a specific chromatin modifier complex can be targeted...

predisposes children to malignancies. INI1/hSNF5, a component of the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex, is a critical tumor suppressor biallelically...

Maria; Buck, Michael J. (2014-11-20). "Chromatin accessibility: a window into the genome". Epigenetics & Chromatin. 7 (1): 33. doi:10.1186/1756-8935-7-33...

Ranallo R, Wu WH, Wu C (January 2003). "Modulation of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes by inositol polyphosphates". Science. 299 (5603):...

important physical chromatin property that determines its biological function. NRL can be determined genome-wide for the chromatin in a given cell type...

NA, Bablishvili NK, et al. (October 2003). "Peptide Epitalon activates chromatin at the old age". Neuro Endocrinology Letters. 24 (5): 329–333. PMID 14647006...

metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process D-ribose catabolic process chromatin remodeling ATP generation from poly-ADP-D-ribose nucleoside phosphate...

eukaryotic cell biology and genetics, such as cell cycle regulation, chromatin structure, and gene regulation. Other fungal models have emerged that...

While at FHCRC, Weintraub continued and extended his prior studies of chromatin structure and function. Another of his contributions was developing the...

than silencing methylated promoters. Once bound, MeCP2 will condense the chromatin structure, form a complex with histone deacetylases (HDAC), or block transcription...

DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific chromatin binding methylated histone binding Cellular component nucleoplasm nucleus...

nucleotide binding DNA binding telomeric DNA binding zinc ion binding chromatin binding metal ion binding protein binding hydrolase activity ATP binding...

Spiegelman BM, Roeder RG (Nov 2003). "Coordination of p300-mediated chromatin remodeling and TRAP/mediator function through coactivator PGC-1alpha"...

reference expression data BioGPS n/a Gene ontology Molecular function chromatin binding protein binding cAMP response element binding protein binding...

in this case nuclear size and chromatin pattern. The benign cells match with small nuclei and finely granular chromatin, whereas most cancer cells match...

areas, such as epifluorescence microscopy, and the assessment of sperm chromatin quality. Acridine orange is useful in the rapid screening of ordinarily...

DNA-templated negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II chromatin organization regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II Sources:Amigo...

many mitochondria, and have distinctive nuclei with granular-looking chromatin and no visible nucleoli. NSCLCs comprise a group of three cancer types:...

variants have intermediate to large-sized cells with finely dispersed chromatin, and are more aggressive in nature. The tumor cells accumulate in the...

cross-validation, with each cell type having 1-2% of the human genome as open chromatin. The protocol is based on the fact that the formaldehyde cross-linking...

modifies chromatin structure through covalent modification of histones. A second ATP dependent class modifies the conformation of chromatin. Nuclear DNA...

of transcription factors, formation of chromatin loops, interaction of enhancers with promoters in chromatin loops and topoisomerase II beta-initiated...

double-strand/single-strand DNA junction binding ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA chromatin binding Cellular component MutSbeta complex membrane MutSalpha complex...

transcription, DNA-templated embryo development negative regulation of chromatin binding oxidative DNA demethylation negative regulation of transcription...

methylation of histones H3 and H4 is associated with a more accessible chromatin structure and thus higher levels of transcription. The existence of arginine...

microscopically from myeloblasts by having less distinct nucleoli, more condensed chromatin, and an absence of cytoplasmic granules. However these morphologic distinctions...

such as promoters, transcriptional regulatory sequences, and regions of chromatin structure and histone modification. It is thought that changes in the...

mitotic spindle through microtubule instability. Promotes mitosis i.e. chromatin condensation through phosphorylation of condensins. The three lamins present...

recognition is often a prerequisite for protein-histone association and chromatin remodeling. The domain itself adopts an all-α protein fold, a bundle of...

preferences of sgRNA improves efficiency, as does the presence of accessible chromatin at the target site. Along with other improvements mentioned, factors such...

brains of rodents. During subsequent DNA repair, enduring alterations in chromatin structure may arise, such as DNA methylation and methylation or acetylation...

stress induces the p53 pathway, which results in cell apoptosis. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing, thirty-percent of all p53-binding...

histone modifications, such as increased histone acetylation, which relaxes chromatin structure and facilitates the transcription of genes involved in muscle...

acetylation N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation chromosome segregation chromatin organization histone H3 acetylation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs...

determined by the manner in which its DNA breaks down: Karyolysis: the chromatin of the nucleus fades due to the loss of the DNA by degradation. Karyorrhexis:...

contours, minimal variation in nuclear size, shape, and evenly distributed chromatin moderate: many large, plump, irregular nuclei, 1-2 mitotic figures severe:...

regulate the accessibility of chromatin for gene transcription. Chromatin variants, which are different states of chromatin. Genomic imprinting, which determines...

SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMARCE1 gene...

Arabidopsis thaliana with enzymatic methyl sequencing". Epigenetics & Chromatin. 13 (1): 42. doi:10.1186/s13072-020-00361-9. ISSN 1756-8935. PMC 7542392...

Herbert E. Nieburgs (1967). "Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Ratio (N/C) and Nuclear Chromatin". Diagnostic cell pathology in tissue and smears. New York & London: Grune...

received her "certificate of femaleness". However, she failed the sex chromatin test in 1985, and thus was ruled ineligible to participate in women's...

RNA into chromatin takes place immediately after the DNA is synthesized. Therefore, replication timing dictates the time of assembly of chromatin. Less intuitive...

cultures. Mice chronically exposed to arecoline show relaxation of their chromatin structure. Arecoline is the primary active ingredient responsible for...

expression patterns can result from chemical modifications in DNA and chromatin, to changes in several regulatory mechanisms. Epigenetic markings can...

spines, AI-based statistical methods, polymer models, and simulations for chromatin and nucleus organization. His recent work has focused on predicting brain...

of pairs of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The chromatin fiber is further compacted through the interaction of a linker histone...

transcription, DNA-templated transcription, DNA-templated biological process chromatin organization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez...

polymerase delta, PCNA, RPA, HMGB1, RFC and DNA ligase I, plus histone and chromatin modifying factors. In certain circumstances, the MMR pathway may recruit...

Ren, B., Bafna, V., Mischel, P.S. Circular ecDNA promotes accessible chromatin and high oncogene expression. (2019) Nature. 575(7784):699-703. DOI: 10...

embryonic-like cells are induced by downregulating replication-dependent chromatin assembly". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 22 (9): 662–671. doi:10...

either added or removed from the histone, altering its structure to expose chromatin and leading to gene activation or deactivation. For example, trimethylation...

are stem loops, necessary for DNA replication through interactions with chromatin and initiation proteins (including the origin recognition complex). They...

polymerase II transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription, DNA-templated chromatin organization negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle...

with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene contains introns and its mRNA...

otherwise be inaccessible. This fusion protein can convert usually silent chromatin regions into fully active enhancers leading to oncogenesis of the cells...

mediators affect them. Extreme damage of DNA causing breaks and changes in chromatin structure have been shown to induce the parthanatos pathway. Stimuli that...

end joining negative regulation of chromosome organization DNA repair chromatin organization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez...

pyknotic chromatin. These stages included chromatin condensation, which Flemming described as "half-moon" shaped and appearing as "chromatin balls," or...

transcribed genes. The chromatin occupancy of ASH1L mirrors that of the TrxG-related H3K4-HMTase MLL1; however, ASH1L's association with chromatin can occur independently...

DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific chromatin binding metal ion binding protein heterodimerization activity cis-regulatory...

in chromatin reorganization, transcription initiation and interaction with the transcription complex. Actin takes part in the regulation of chromatin structure...

(October 2012). "Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: consequences of chromatin relaxation". Current Opinion in Neurology. 25 (5): 614–20. doi:10.1097/WCO...

activity Cellular component cytosol nucleus cytoplasm Biological process chromatin organization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez...

polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding chromatin binding protein binding phosphatidylinositol binding metal ion binding...

parts connected by a neck: Head: contains the nucleus with densely coiled chromatin fibers, surrounded anteriorly by a thin, flattened sac called the acrosome...

polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding chromatin binding chromatin DNA binding sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component...