Belén Formation

Belèn Formation
Stratigraphic range: Pragian - Emsian
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesSicasica Formation
OverliesVila Vila Formation
Location
RegionAltiplano
CountryBolivia

The Belèn Formation is an early Devonian formation from Bolivia. It preserves a moderately diverse fauna of trilobites, crinoids and a few species of jawed fish, and is equivalent to the Icla Formation further east.

Paleobiota

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Paleobiota
Genus Species Higher taxon Notes Images
Bolivosteus B. chacomensis Asterosteidae Only known placoderm from the Malvinokaffric realm[1]
Reconstruction of Bolivosteus
Pucapampella P. rodrigae Stem-Chondrichthyes Also known from the Icla Formation, one of the most basal known cartilaginous fish[2]
Fossilized jaws and teeth of P. rodrigae (A-C, G-H) and cartilage elements of Zamponiopteron (D-F), which may belong to the same animal, from the Department of Puno, Peru. Scale bar = 0.5 cm
Tuberocrinus T. lapazensis Tuberocrinidae (Camerata) Placed in a monotypic family[3]
Aenigmaticumcrinus A. rochacamposi Aenigmaticumcrinidae (Camerata) Named due to its unusual morphology in relation to other related crinoids[3]
Ctenocrinus C. branisai Melocrinitidae (Monobathrida)[4]
Boliviacrinus B. isaacsoni Patelliocrinidae (Monobathrida)[4]
Pachyblastus P. dicki Nymphaeoblastidae (Blastoidea)[4]
Fenestraspis F. amauta Dalmanitidae Has large fenestrae (holes) on its pleural regions (sides of the body)[5]
Chacomurus C. confragosus Dalmanitidae[6]
Maurotarion M. legrandi Aulacopleuridae (Proetida)[7]
Bainella B. (Belenops) insolita Calmoniidae[8]
Deltacephalaspis D. (Deltacephalaspis) magister, D. (Prestalia) sp. Calmoniidae[8]
Acastoides? ?A. verneuili[8] Acastidae
Tarijactinoides T. tikanensis Calmoniidae[8]
Parabouleia P. calmonensis Calmoniidae[8]
Kozlowskiaspis K. (Romanops) borealis Calmoniidae[8]
Phacopina P. cf. convexa Calmoniidae[8]
Plesiomalvinella P. pujravii, P. boulei Calmoniidae[9]
Malvinella M. buddae Calmoniidae[9]
Palpebrops P. donegalensis Calmoniidae[9]
Vogesina V. aspera, V. lacunafera Calmoniidae Formerly classed within the genus Phacopina[9]
Neobactrotheca N. pharetra Orthothecida[10]
Bolitheca B. steinmanni Orthothecida[11]
”Hyolithes” ”H”. dorbignyi Hyolithida[11]
Chonostrophia C. truyolsae Chonostrophiidae (Chonetidina)[12]
Aseptonetes A. isaacsoni Chonetidae (Chonetidina)[12]
Tropidoleptus T. carinatus Tropidoleptidae (Terebratulida)[13]
Schuchertella S. sp? Schuchertellidae (Orthotetida)[13]
Notiochonetes N. falklandica Chonetidae (Chonetidina)[13]
Austronoplia A. stuebeli Anopliidae (Chonetidina)[13]
Antelocoelia A. johnsoni Leptocoeliidae (Atrypoidea)[14]
Australocoelia A. palmata Leptocoeliidae (Rhynchonellida)[14]
Meristelloides M. rikowskii Meristellidae (Athyridida)[14]
Austrlospirifer A. hawkinsi Delthyrididae (Spiriferida)[14]
Metaplasia M. pseudoumbonata Ambocoeliidae (Spiriferida)[14]
Scaphiocoelia S. boliviensis Mutationellidae (Terebratulida)[14]
Cryptonella C. baini Cryptonellidae (Terebratulida)[14]

References

  1. ^ Goujet, Daniel; Janvier, Philippe; Suarez-Riglos, M. (January 1985). "Un nouveau rhenanide (Vertebrata, Placodermi) de la Formation de Belen (Devonien moyen), Bolivie". Annales de Paléontologie. 71: 35–53.
  2. ^ Maisey, John G.; Janvier, Philippe; Pradel, Alan; Denton, John S. S.; Bronson, Allison; Miller, Randall; Burrow, Carole J. (31 December 2018). "Doliodus and Pucapampellids: Contrasting Perspectives on Stem Chondrichthyan Morphology". Evolution and Development of Fishes: 87–109. doi:10.1017/9781316832172.006.
  3. ^ a b Scheffler, Sandro M. (January 2021). "Crinoids from the Lower (Pragian–Emsian) and Middle (early Eifelian) Devonian of Bolivia (Icla and Belén formations, Malvinokaffric Realm)". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (1): 141–153. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.70.
  4. ^ a b c Thompson, Jeffrey R.; Ausich, William I.; Smith, Legrand (January 2013). "Echinoderms from the Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Bolivia (Malvinokaffric Realm)". Journal of Paleontology. 87 (1): 166–175. doi:10.1666/12-068R.1.
  5. ^ Rábano, Isabel; Gozalo Gutiérrez, Rodolfo; Garcia-Bellido, Diego (2008). Advances in trilobite research. Madrid: Instituto geológico y minero de España. pp. 177–180. ISBN 978-84-7840-759-0.
  6. ^ Holloway, David J. (9 November 2020). "The Trilobite 'Chacomurus' (Dalmanitidae, Synphoriinae) from the Lower Devonian of Bolivia". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists (39): 71–83. doi:10.3316/informit.091594982129197.
  7. ^ Adrain, Jonathan M.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (1996). "Devonian Aulacopleurid trilobitesof the Malvinokaffric realm". Geobios. 29 (4): 417–436. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(96)80003-9.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Eldredge, Niles; Branisa, Leonardo (1980). "Calmoniid trilobites of the Lower Devonian Scaphiocoelia zone of Bolivia, with remarks on related species". Bulletin of the AMNH. 165 (2): 183–289.
  9. ^ a b c d Lieberman, Bruce S.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Eldredge, Niles (1991). "Systematics and Biogeography of the "Malvinella Group," Calmoniidae (Trilobita, Devonian)" (PDF). Journal of Paleontology. 65 (5): 824–843. ISSN 0022-3360.
  10. ^ Marek, L.; Isaacson, P. E. (1992). "Devonian Hyoliths from Bolivia". Journal of Paleontology. 66 (1): 24–28. ISSN 0022-3360.
  11. ^ a b Malinky, John M.; Racheboeuf, Patrick R. (November 2011). "New Hyolitha from the Devonian of Bolivia". Journal of Paleontology. 85 (6): 1077–1088. doi:10.1666/10-058.1.
  12. ^ a b Videira-Santos, Roberto; Scheffler, Sandro Marcelo; Fernandes, Antonio Carlos Sequeira (2022). "New occurrences of Chonetoidea (Brachiopoda) in the Devonian of Bolivia, Peru and Antarctica". Brazilian Journal of Geology. 52 (1). doi:10.1590/2317-4889202120210080.
  13. ^ a b c d Isaacson, Peter (January 1977). "Devonian stratigraphy and brachiopod paleontology of Bolivia. Part A. Orthida and Strophomenida". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 155: 133–192.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g Isaacson, Peter (December 1993). "Devonian Brachiopoda of Bolivia". Fósiles y Facies de Bolivia. 13–14 (1–4): 3–55.

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