Asplenium gracillimum

mother spleenwort
dangling frond tips of a fern, with new fronds growing from them near the tip
New plantlets growing from fronds of A. gracillimum near their apex
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Embryophytes
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Suborder: Aspleniineae
Family: Aspleniaceae
Genus: Asplenium
Species:
A. gracillimum
Binomial name
Asplenium gracillimum
Synonyms
  • Asplenium bulbiferum subsp. gracillimum (Colenso) Brownsey

Asplenium gracillimum is a fern species native to Australia and New Zealand, also found in Stewart Island and the Chatham Islands.[1] The specific epithet gracillimum refers to the slender and graceful appearance of this fern.[2]

Description

A. gracillimum individuals occasionally grow small bulbils on top of their fronds, which can fall off and grow into new ferns. There are a number of similar Southern Hemisphere species which have a similar mode of reproduction, including A. daucifolium and Polystichum australiense. Fronds range from 10.5 to 108 cm long. A. gracillimum has larger spores than A. bulbiferum, and fewer bulbils. The scales are ovate on A. bulbiferum, but narrower and almost always drawn out into thin threadlike points in A. gracillimum (filiform apices). The selected lectotype was Dannevirke, New Zealand.[2]

Taxonomy

The species is an allotetraploid hybrid between A. bulbiferum and A. hookerianum. It was previously known as Asplenium bulbiferum subsp. gracillimum.[3][4][5]

A 2020 plastid phylogeny of Asplenium showed a sample of the species nested within a clade containing both of its parents.[6]

Distribution and habitat

The hen and chicken fern commonly grows in most bush areas in New Zealand. It thrives in many situations from shade to partial sunlight. Often seen in moist or rainforest areas in eastern Australia, occasionally as an epiphyte on tree ferns or tree trunks.[2]

References

  1. ^ "Asplenium gracillimum". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  2. ^ a b c "Asplenium gracillimum Colenso". New Zealand Flora. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  3. ^ "Asplenium gracillimum". Vascular Plants Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  4. ^ Shepherd, LD; Perrie, LR; Brownsey, PJ (2008a). "Low-copy nuclear DNA sequences reveal a predominance of allopolyploids in a New Zealand Asplenium fern complex". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 49 (1): 240–248. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.06.015. PMID 18640280.
  5. ^ "Asplenium gracillimum". PlantNET, New South Wales Flora Online. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  6. ^ Xu, Ke-Wang; Zhang, Liang; Rothfels, Carl J.; Smith, Alan R.; Viane, Ronald; Lorence, David; Wood, Kenneth R.; Chen, Cheng-Wei; Knapp, Ralf; Zhou, Lin; Lu, Ngan Thi; Zhou, Xin-Mao; Wei, Hong-Jin; Fan, Qiang; Chen, Su-Fang; Cicuzza, Daniele; Gao, Xin-Fen; Li, Wen-Bo; Zhang, Li-Bing (2020). "A global plastid phylogeny of the fern genus Asplenium (Aspleniaceae)". Cladistics. 36 (1): 22–71. doi:10.1111/cla.12384. PMID 34618950. S2CID 201197385.

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