Arnoseris

Arnoseris
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Embryophytes
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Spermatophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Cichorioideae
Tribe: Cichorieae
Subtribe: Cichoriinae
Genus: Arnoseris
Gaertn.
Species:
A. minima
Binomial name
Arnoseris minima
(L.) Schweigg. & Korte
Synonyms[1]
  • Hyoseris minima L.
  • Hyoseris sprengelii Steud.
  • Lapsana gracilis Lam.
  • Arnoseris clavata Bubani
  • Hyoseris exigua Salisb.
  • Lapsana pusilla Willd.
  • Arnoseris pusilla Gaertn.
  • Lapsana minima (L.) All.
  • Cichorium arnoseris E.H.L.Krause

Arnoseris is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.[2][3][4]

The only known species is Arnoseris minima, native to Europe, Morocco, and the Middle East; naturalized in parts of northeastern North America (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Maine, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan).[5][6] Common names in the United States: dwarf nipplewort or lamb-succory.[7] Common names in the British Isles: lamb's succory.[8]

It has a maximum height of 30 cm, is herbaceous and does not spread vegetatively.[9]

The species became extinct across the British Isles in 1971.[10] There was an attempt to reintroduce the species, and there has been one recent sighting in England.[11]

Arnoseris minima is an annual weed of cornfields and fallow fields, favouring infertile, sandy, acidic soils.[12]

Arnoseris minima photographed in Poland in 2008

The word 'succory' is an anglicization of the French 'cichorie' (chicory). The 'lamb' in the name denotes that it is a chicory only suitable for animal consumption.[13] The genus Arnoseris comes from the Ancient Greek 'arnos seris' meaning 'sheep's endive'. The species epithet minima means 'small'.[14]

Secondary metabolites

Arnoseris minima is a source of the simple coumarin aesculetin and the flavonoids luteolin, luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside, luteolin 4'-O-β-D-glucoside, and 3-O-methylquercetin.[15]

References

  1. ^ "Global Compositae Checklist". archive.is. 2014-11-08. Retrieved 2018-12-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  2. ^ Gaertner, Joseph. 1791. De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum. 2(3): 355 in Latin
  3. ^ Gaertner, Joseph. 1791. De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum. 2(3):plate 157, figure 3 line drawing as illustration
  4. ^ Tropicos, Arnoseris Gaertn.
  5. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map
  6. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Arnoseris minima (L.) Schweigg. & Korte includes photos and European distribution map
  7. ^ Brako, L., A.Y. Rossman & D.F. Farr. 1995. Scientific and Common Names of 7,000 Vascular Plants in the United States 1–294.
  8. ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  9. ^ Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora
  10. ^ Woodland Trust - 7 Extinct Plants in the UK and the Rarest Plants to Save
  11. ^ Online Atlas of the British Flora
  12. ^ Online Atlas of the British Flora
  13. ^ a New Universal Etymological and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language
  14. ^ Flora of North America
  15. ^ Zidorn, C; Udovičić, V; Spitaler, R; Ellmerer, E P; Stuppner, H (2005). "Secondary metabolites from Arnoseris minima". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 33 (8): 827–829. Bibcode:2005BioSE..33..827Z. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2004.12.026. ISSN 0305-1978.

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