Ambiguous viewpoint
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Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) models are often presented without clarifying the viewpoint represented by the model. By default, these models denote an implementation viewpoint that visualises the structure of a computer program. Mixed viewpoints do not support the fundamental separation of interfaces from implementation details, which is one of the primary benefits of the object-oriented paradigm. An ambiguous or mixed viewpoint is an anti-pattern.
In object-oriented analysis and design there are three viewpoints: The business viewpoint (the information that is domain specific and matters to the end user), the specification viewpoint (which defines the exposed interface elements of a class), and the implementation viewpoint (which deals with the actual internal implementation of the class).[1] If the viewpoint becomes mixed then these elements will blend together in a way which makes it difficult to separate out and maintain the internals of an object without changing the interface, one of the core tenets of object-oriented analysis and design.[1]
See also
- Class-Responsibility-Collaboration card
- Unified Modeling Language
- Object-oriented analysis
- Object-oriented design
References
- Stamelos, Ioannis; Berki, Eleni; Poranen, Timo; Charikleia, Raptopoulou. "Software Project Management Anti-patterns in Students' Projects". Retrieved 31 March 2025.
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