1928 United States presidential election in Texas
1928 United States presidential election in Texas
County Results
Hoover
50–60%
60–70%
70–80%
80–90%
Smith
50–60%
60–70%
70–80%
80–90%
90-100%
The 1928 United States presidential election in Texas took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary forty-eight states. Voters chose 20 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College , who voted for president and vice president .
Ever since statehood, Texas had been one of the strongest states in the nation for the Democratic Party, owing to its early history as a southern state state based around slavery . Even during Reconstruction when African Americans were briefly enfranchised, the Republican Party won just one statewide election. By the time Texas participated in its first postbellum election in 1872 , cracks were emerging in Republican Reconstruction plans, so that the Democratic "Redeemers " gained control of Southern legislatures by 1874.[1]
After "Redemption " and the passing of a new constitution in 1876 the GOP became confined largely to areas of abolitionist German "Forty-Eighter" settlement in the Hill Country ,[2] and to a few South Texas counties where local Republican bosses could outcompete their Democratic equivalents.[3] The Terrell Election Law created a poll tax that, from 1902, disenfranchised virtually all remaining African-American voters, the vast majority of Mexican Americans, and also most poor whites.[4] Voter turnout among males over twenty-one fell from over eighty percent to under thirty percent following introduction of the poll tax.[5] The period following this disfranchisement nonetheless saw a substantial amount of typically "Progressive " reform under Governors James Stephen Hogg and Thomas M. Campbell , and despite this progressive faction ceding power in 1906 to the conservatives, Texas proved solid in its support for progressive candidate Woodrow Wilson at the 1912 Democratic National Convention .[6] In the meantime, Texas continued to vote solidly Democratic: between 1904 and 1924 no Republican nominee reached 24% of the statewide vote total.[7]
Hoover won Texas by a narrow margin of 3.67 percent. His victory in the state made him the first Republican presidential candidate to carry Texas.[a] He produced a swing of over 32 percent compared to the vote for Calvin Coolidge in 1924; however, there were huge variations. The traditionally Republican Texas German counties of Comal and Guadalupe , along with the former 1920 Ferguson counties of Lee and Washington voted overwhelmingly for Smith in appreciation of his views on Prohibition:[9] in Comal County, which had been Robert La Follette 's strongest nationwide in 1924,[10] the Democratic vote rose from 13 to 78%, thus supporting La Follette's family's endorsement of Smith after he died.
In contrast, numerous Baptist High Plains counties saw Hoover gain over fifty percent relative to Coolidge due to vehement opposition to Catholicism and repeal of Prohibition.[11] Hoover was also helped by a powerful vote from the emerging middle class in Dallas–Fort Worth and Houston :[12] his combined margin in Harris , Dallas and Tarrant Counties was slightly larger than his statewide plurality.[13] East Texas , the earliest-settled region of the state with greatest white resentment of the Republican Party's association with Reconstruction, and South Texas , in which white voters had similar fears of Mexican-American political power, remained normally loyal to Smith.[14]
Texas wouldn't support another Republican presidential candidate until 1952 when Texan-born Dwight D. Eisenhower carried the state. As of the 2020 presidential election [update] , this is the last election in which Maverick County voted for a Republican presidential candidate.[15]
Results
Results by county
1928 United States presidential election in Texas by county[18]
County
Herbert Hoover Republican
Al Smith Democratic
Various candidates Other parties
Margin
Total votes cast
#
%
#
%
#
%
#
%
Anderson
1,814
50.94%
1,747
49.06%
0
0.00%
67
1.88%
3,561
Andrews
66
72.53%
25
27.47%
0
0.00%
41
45.05%
91
Angelina
1,209
34.41%
2,305
65.59%
0
0.00%
-1,096
-31.19%
3,514
Aransas
161
51.44%
152
48.56%
0
0.00%
9
2.88%
313
Archer
799
48.02%
865
51.98%
0
0.00%
-66
-3.97%
1,664
Armstrong
316
45.80%
373
54.06%
1
0.14%
-57
-8.26%
690
Atascosa
888
56.56%
682
43.44%
0
0.00%
206
13.12%
1,570
Austin
466
17.94%
2,129
81.98%
2
0.08%
-1,663
-64.04%
2,597
Bailey
410
74.28%
142
25.72%
0
0.00%
268
48.55%
552
Bandera
936
74.52%
317
25.24%
3
0.24%
619
49.28%
1,256
Bastrop
850
35.65%
1,534
64.35%
0
0.00%
-684
-28.69%
2,384
Baylor
491
38.51%
784
61.49%
0
0.00%
-293
-22.98%
1,275
Bee
1,189
53.18%
1,043
46.65%
4
0.18%
146
6.53%
2,236
Bell
3,366
52.17%
3,079
47.72%
7
0.11%
287
4.45%
6,452
Bexar
16,477
49.69%
16,626
50.14%
57
0.17%
-149
-0.45%
33,160
Blanco
615
53.25%
539
46.67%
1
0.09%
76
6.58%
1,155
Borden
98
57.31%
73
42.69%
0
0.00%
25
14.62%
171
Bosque
1,526
55.19%
1,235
44.67%
4
0.14%
291
10.52%
2,765
Bowie
2,225
42.57%
3,002
57.43%
0
0.00%
-777
-14.87%
5,227
Brazoria
1,588
59.39%
1,086
40.61%
0
0.00%
502
18.77%
2,674
Brazos
738
33.23%
1,480
66.64%
3
0.14%
-742
-33.41%
2,221
Brewster
406
59.36%
273
39.91%
5
0.73%
133
19.44%
684
Briscoe
301
46.96%
336
52.42%
4
0.62%
-35
-5.46%
641
Brooks
160
32.52%
332
67.48%
0
0.00%
-172
-34.96%
492
Brown
2,033
50.46%
1,992
49.44%
4
0.10%
41
1.02%
4,029
Burleson
339
17.87%
1,558
82.13%
0
0.00%
-1,219
-64.26%
1,897
Burnet
936
66.67%
467
33.26%
1
0.07%
469
33.40%
1,404
Caldwell
1,189
49.54%
1,211
50.46%
0
0.00%
-22
-0.92%
2,400
Calhoun
333
46.84%
375
52.74%
3
0.42%
-42
-5.91%
711
Callahan
979
51.02%
940
48.98%
0
0.00%
39
2.03%
1,919
Cameron
3,544
52.45%
3,202
47.39%
11
0.16%
342
5.06%
6,757
Camp
494
43.56%
640
56.44%
0
0.00%
-146
-12.87%
1,134
Carson
891
60.04%
592
39.89%
1
0.07%
299
20.15%
1,484
Cass
1,323
43.79%
1,698
56.21%
0
0.00%
-375
-12.41%
3,021
Castro
319
45.38%
384
54.62%
0
0.00%
-65
-9.25%
703
Chambers
256
51.41%
242
48.59%
0
0.00%
14
2.81%
498
Cherokee
1,933
49.94%
1,938
50.06%
0
0.00%
-5
-0.13%
3,871
Childress
1,438
66.45%
726
33.55%
0
0.00%
712
32.90%
2,164
Clay
1,327
53.36%
1,160
46.64%
0
0.00%
167
6.71%
2,487
Cochran
197
64.38%
109
35.62%
0
0.00%
88
28.76%
306
Coke
450
68.60%
206
31.40%
0
0.00%
244
37.20%
656
Coleman
1,645
53.00%
1,459
47.00%
0
0.00%
186
5.99%
3,104
Collin
3,476
50.55%
3,377
49.11%
23
0.33%
99
1.44%
6,876
Collingsworth
1,179
65.98%
608
34.02%
0
0.00%
571
31.95%
1,787
Colorado
891
33.22%
1,787
66.63%
4
0.15%
-896
-33.41%
2,682
Comal
508
21.14%
1,893
78.78%
2
0.08%
-1,385
-57.64%
2,403
Comanche
1,483
53.08%
1,311
46.92%
0
0.00%
172
6.16%
2,794
Concho
446
50.97%
426
48.69%
3
0.34%
20
2.29%
875
Cooke
2,262
53.99%
1,924
45.92%
4
0.10%
338
8.07%
4,190
Coryell
1,123
46.21%
1,306
53.74%
1
0.04%
-183
-7.53%
2,430
Cottle
473
51.19%
451
48.81%
0
0.00%
22
2.38%
924
Crane
127
44.41%
159
55.59%
0
0.00%
-32
-11.19%
286
Crockett
291
81.97%
64
18.03%
0
0.00%
227
63.94%
355
Crosby
1,004
57.97%
728
42.03%
0
0.00%
276
15.94%
1,732
Culberson
72
45.86%
85
54.14%
0
0.00%
-13
-8.28%
157
Dallam
618
53.00%
539
46.23%
9
0.77%
79
6.78%
1,166
Dallas
27,272
60.89%
17,437
38.93%
78
0.17%
9,835
21.96%
44,787
Dawson
1,448
77.23%
427
22.77%
0
0.00%
1,021
54.45%
1,875
Deaf Smith
570
58.10%
411
41.90%
0
0.00%
159
16.21%
981
Delta
753
43.96%
958
55.93%
2
0.12%
-205
-11.97%
1,713
Denton
2,587
51.89%
2,384
47.81%
15
0.30%
203
4.07%
4,986
DeWitt
1,142
41.66%
1,594
58.15%
5
0.18%
-452
-16.49%
2,741
Dickens
741
64.10%
415
35.90%
0
0.00%
326
28.20%
1,156
Dimmit
626
70.81%
258
29.19%
0
0.00%
368
41.63%
884
Donley
1,092
68.90%
491
30.98%
2
0.13%
601
37.92%
1,585
Duval
434
25.85%
1,245
74.15%
0
0.00%
-811
-48.30%
1,679
Eastland
3,233
56.38%
2,501
43.62%
0
0.00%
732
12.77%
5,734
Ector
168
52.66%
151
47.34%
0
0.00%
17
5.33%
319
Edwards
546
89.66%
59
9.69%
4
0.66%
487
79.97%
609
Ellis
3,569
44.72%
4,399
55.12%
13
0.16%
-830
-10.40%
7,981
El Paso
6,050
49.74%
6,114
50.26%
0
0.00%
-64
-0.53%
12,164
Erath
1,923
56.94%
1,372
40.63%
82
2.43%
551
16.32%
3,377
Falls
877
26.04%
2,484
73.75%
7
0.21%
-1,607
-47.71%
3,368
Fannin
2,122
45.62%
2,525
54.29%
4
0.09%
-403
-8.66%
4,651
Fayette
689
15.87%
3,647
84.01%
5
0.12%
-2,958
-68.14%
4,341
Fisher
1,259
60.07%
837
39.93%
0
0.00%
422
20.13%
2,096
Floyd
1,176
63.84%
666
36.16%
0
0.00%
510
27.69%
1,842
Foard
430
47.51%
466
51.49%
9
0.99%
-36
-3.98%
905
Fort Bend
631
26.77%
1,724
73.14%
2
0.08%
-1,093
-46.37%
2,357
Franklin
386
35.12%
713
64.88%
0
0.00%
-327
-29.75%
1,099
Freestone
1,178
47.14%
1,318
52.74%
3
0.12%
-140
-5.60%
2,499
Frio
673
72.21%
258
27.68%
1
0.11%
415
44.53%
932
Gaines
312
69.03%
140
30.97%
0
0.00%
172
38.05%
452
Galveston
4,401
42.43%
5,951
57.38%
20
0.19%
-1,550
-14.94%
10,372
Garza
794
73.59%
285
26.41%
0
0.00%
509
47.17%
1,079
Gillespie
1,447
55.12%
1,174
44.72%
4
0.15%
273
10.40%
2,625
Glasscock
124
78.48%
34
21.52%
0
0.00%
90
56.96%
158
Goliad
554
54.10%
468
45.70%
2
0.20%
86
8.40%
1,024
Gonzales
1,112
45.74%
1,319
54.26%
0
0.00%
-207
-8.52%
2,431
Gray
1,871
65.35%
986
34.44%
6
0.21%
885
30.91%
2,863
Grayson
6,277
57.63%
4,600
42.23%
15
0.14%
1,677
15.40%
10,892
Gregg
646
39.29%
996
60.58%
2
0.12%
-350
-21.29%
1,644
Grimes
701
37.37%
1,175
62.63%
0
0.00%
-474
-25.27%
1,876
Guadalupe
1,442
43.46%
1,872
56.42%
4
0.12%
-430
-12.96%
3,318
Hale
2,143
65.98%
1,098
33.81%
7
0.22%
1,045
32.17%
3,248
Hall
1,409
74.08%
493
25.92%
0
0.00%
916
48.16%
1,902
Hamilton
927
48.38%
989
51.62%
0
0.00%
-62
-3.24%
1,916
Hansford
417
56.58%
319
43.28%
1
0.14%
98
13.30%
737
Hardeman
1,333
59.43%
910
40.57%
0
0.00%
423
18.86%
2,243
Hardin
951
47.96%
1,032
52.04%
0
0.00%
-81
-4.08%
1,983
Harris
27,188
55.70%
21,536
44.12%
86
0.18%
5,652
11.58%
48,810
Harrison
1,776
46.69%
2,023
53.18%
5
0.13%
-247
-6.49%
3,804
Hartley
179
52.34%
163
47.66%
0
0.00%
16
4.68%
342
Haskell
1,430
48.08%
1,532
51.51%
12
0.40%
-102
-3.43%
2,974
Hays
1,088
63.70%
620
36.30%
0
0.00%
468
27.40%
1,708
Hemphill
489
60.67%
317
39.33%
0
0.00%
172
21.34%
806
Henderson
1,128
39.52%
1,726
60.48%
0
0.00%
-598
-20.95%
2,854
Hidalgo
4,285
51.41%
4,034
48.40%
16
0.19%
251
3.01%
8,335
Hill
2,446
50.34%
2,413
49.66%
0
0.00%
33
0.68%
4,859
Hockley
765
75.82%
235
23.29%
9
0.89%
530
52.53%
1,009
Hood
640
57.09%
479
42.73%
2
0.18%
161
14.36%
1,121
Hopkins
1,767
48.85%
1,845
51.01%
5
0.14%
-78
-2.16%
3,617
Houston
763
36.35%
1,336
63.65%
0
0.00%
-573
-27.30%
2,099
Howard
812
54.86%
665
44.93%
3
0.20%
147
9.93%
1,480
Hudspeth
123
51.25%
117
48.75%
0
0.00%
6
2.50%
240
Hunt
3,009
46.16%
3,510
53.84%
0
0.00%
-501
-7.69%
6,519
Hutchinson
1,115
60.43%
730
39.57%
0
0.00%
385
20.87%
1,845
Irion
259
68.52%
119
31.48%
0
0.00%
140
37.04%
378
Jack
1,068
70.22%
450
29.59%
3
0.20%
618
40.63%
1,521
Jackson
572
54.68%
473
45.22%
1
0.10%
99
9.46%
1,046
Jasper
611
40.44%
898
59.43%
2
0.13%
-287
-18.99%
1,511
Jeff Davis
157
58.15%
112
41.48%
1
0.37%
45
16.67%
270
Jefferson
9,209
56.74%
7,006
43.16%
16
0.10%
2,203
13.57%
16,231
Jim Hogg
109
29.30%
263
70.70%
0
0.00%
-154
-41.40%
372
Jim Wells
423
36.06%
747
63.68%
3
0.26%
-324
-27.62%
1,173
Johnson
3,181
61.58%
1,981
38.35%
4
0.08%
1,200
23.23%
5,166
Jones
1,995
55.95%
1,563
43.83%
8
0.22%
432
12.11%
3,566
Karnes
855
44.83%
1,052
55.17%
0
0.00%
-197
-10.33%
1,907
Kaufman
1,718
39.27%
2,657
60.73%
0
0.00%
-939
-21.46%
4,375
Kendall
663
63.63%
377
36.18%
2
0.19%
286
27.45%
1,042
Kenedy
12
9.23%
118
90.77%
0
0.00%
-106
-81.54%
130
Kent
363
69.01%
163
30.99%
0
0.00%
200
38.02%
526
Kerr
1,575
73.36%
570
26.55%
2
0.09%
1,005
46.81%
2,147
Kimble
660
80.39%
157
19.12%
4
0.49%
503
61.27%
821
King
85
65.38%
45
34.62%
0
0.00%
40
30.77%
130
Kinney
182
47.64%
200
52.36%
0
0.00%
-18
-4.71%
382
Kleberg
751
51.94%
695
48.06%
0
0.00%
56
3.87%
1,446
Knox
992
55.70%
784
44.02%
5
0.28%
208
11.68%
1,781
Lamar
2,887
57.08%
2,163
42.76%
8
0.16%
724
14.31%
5,058
Lamb
1,266
74.21%
440
25.79%
0
0.00%
826
48.42%
1,706
Lampasas
899
60.91%
567
38.41%
10
0.68%
332
22.49%
1,476
La Salle
327
40.57%
479
59.43%
0
0.00%
-152
-18.86%
806
Lavaca
911
24.27%
2,842
75.73%
0
0.00%
-1,931
-51.45%
3,753
Lee
449
27.63%
1,176
72.37%
0
0.00%
-727
-44.74%
1,625
Leon
543
38.59%
862
61.27%
2
0.14%
-319
-22.67%
1,407
Liberty
1,070
53.63%
918
46.02%
7
0.35%
152
7.62%
1,995
Limestone
1,642
38.64%
2,608
61.36%
0
0.00%
-966
-22.73%
4,250
Lipscomb
776
69.35%
331
29.58%
12
1.07%
445
39.77%
1,119
Live Oak
484
55.82%
383
44.18%
0
0.00%
101
11.65%
867
Llano
439
46.07%
514
53.93%
0
0.00%
-75
-7.87%
953
Loving
6
37.50%
10
62.50%
0
0.00%
-4
-25.00%
16
Lubbock
3,079
60.79%
1,979
39.07%
7
0.14%
1,100
21.72%
5,065
Lynn
1,268
62.49%
754
37.16%
7
0.34%
514
25.33%
2,029
McCulloch
1,294
63.59%
741
36.41%
0
0.00%
553
27.17%
2,035
McLennan
5,744
51.81%
5,330
48.07%
13
0.12%
414
3.73%
11,087
McMullen
96
50.00%
94
48.96%
2
1.04%
2
1.04%
192
Madison
364
44.61%
452
55.39%
0
0.00%
-88
-10.78%
816
Marion
443
40.90%
640
59.10%
0
0.00%
-197
-18.19%
1,083
Martin
330
60.77%
213
39.23%
0
0.00%
117
21.55%
543
Mason
807
76.64%
244
23.17%
2
0.19%
563
53.47%
1,053
Matagorda
1,194
58.85%
829
40.86%
6
0.30%
365
17.99%
2,029
Maverick
311
63.34%
180
36.66%
0
0.00%
131
26.68%
491
Medina
1,243
46.94%
1,400
52.87%
5
0.19%
-157
-5.93%
2,648
Menard
589
71.57%
234
28.43%
0
0.00%
355
43.13%
823
Midland
347
49.57%
350
50.00%
3
0.43%
-3
-0.43%
700
Milam
1,270
30.86%
2,842
69.05%
4
0.10%
-1,572
-38.19%
4,116
Mills
774
63.65%
442
36.35%
0
0.00%
332
27.30%
1,216
Mitchell
1,099
59.57%
746
40.43%
0
0.00%
353
19.13%
1,845
Montague
1,519
51.13%
1,452
48.87%
0
0.00%
67
2.26%
2,971
Montgomery
613
40.36%
905
59.58%
1
0.07%
-292
-19.22%
1,519
Moore
87
41.23%
124
58.77%
0
0.00%
-37
-17.54%
211
Morris
287
26.90%
780
73.10%
0
0.00%
-493
-46.20%
1,067
Motley
450
56.32%
349
43.68%
0
0.00%
101
12.64%
799
Nacogdoches
822
30.41%
1,879
69.52%
2
0.07%
-1,057
-39.10%
2,703
Navarro
3,341
47.80%
3,648
52.20%
0
0.00%
-307
-4.39%
6,989
Newton
397
41.27%
564
58.63%
1
0.10%
-167
-17.36%
962
Nolan
1,475
58.76%
1,035
41.24%
0
0.00%
440
17.53%
2,510
Nueces
2,481
45.36%
2,985
54.58%
3
0.05%
-504
-9.22%
5,469
Ochiltree
556
67.31%
270
32.69%
0
0.00%
286
34.62%
826
Oldham
172
52.28%
157
47.72%
0
0.00%
15
4.56%
329
Orange
919
42.43%
1,247
57.57%
0
0.00%
-328
-15.14%
2,166
Palo Pinto
2,001
63.28%
1,161
36.72%
0
0.00%
840
26.57%
3,162
Panola
420
24.21%
1,312
75.62%
3
0.17%
-892
-51.41%
1,735
Parker
2,178
66.24%
1,110
33.76%
0
0.00%
1,068
32.48%
3,288
Parmer
620
65.75%
315
33.40%
8
0.85%
305
32.34%
943
Pecos
524
47.99%
562
51.47%
6
0.55%
-38
-3.48%
1,092
Polk
508
33.73%
994
66.00%
4
0.27%
-486
-32.27%
1,506
Potter
3,627
57.90%
2,637
42.10%
0
0.00%
990
15.80%
6,264
Presidio
254
44.64%
315
55.36%
0
0.00%
-61
-10.72%
569
Rains
202
26.90%
544
72.44%
5
0.67%
-342
-45.54%
751
Randall
733
52.66%
659
47.34%
0
0.00%
74
5.32%
1,392
Reagan
387
62.82%
229
37.18%
0
0.00%
158
25.65%
616
Real
479
83.02%
98
16.98%
0
0.00%
381
66.03%
577
Red River
1,172
41.30%
1,666
58.70%
0
0.00%
-494
-17.41%
2,838
Reeves
344
46.61%
394
53.39%
0
0.00%
-50
-6.78%
738
Refugio
383
36.34%
671
63.66%
0
0.00%
-288
-27.32%
1,054
Roberts
243
70.03%
104
29.97%
0
0.00%
139
40.06%
347
Robertson
751
33.54%
1,487
66.41%
1
0.04%
-736
-32.87%
2,239
Rockwall
289
25.37%
850
74.63%
0
0.00%
-561
-49.25%
1,139
Runnels
1,645
52.26%
1,494
47.46%
9
0.29%
151
4.80%
3,148
Rusk
1,033
37.36%
1,732
62.64%
0
0.00%
-699
-25.28%
2,765
Sabine
419
34.18%
807
65.82%
0
0.00%
-388
-31.65%
1,226
San Augustine
467
36.26%
821
63.74%
0
0.00%
-354
-27.48%
1,288
San Jacinto
296
37.00%
503
62.88%
1
0.13%
-207
-25.88%
800
San Patricio
1,388
70.56%
579
29.44%
0
0.00%
809
41.13%
1,967
San Saba
682
47.56%
752
52.44%
0
0.00%
-70
-4.88%
1,434
Schleicher
227
62.36%
137
37.64%
0
0.00%
90
24.73%
364
Scurry
1,597
77.49%
462
22.42%
2
0.10%
1,135
55.07%
2,061
Shackelford
558
51.10%
533
48.81%
1
0.09%
25
2.29%
1,092
Shelby
676
25.53%
1,961
74.06%
11
0.42%
-1,285
-48.53%
2,648
Sherman
248
64.42%
137
35.58%
0
0.00%
111
28.83%
385
Smith
3,493
59.85%
2,343
40.15%
0
0.00%
1,150
19.71%
5,836
Somervell
241
63.93%
136
36.07%
0
0.00%
105
27.85%
377
Starr
79
9.69%
736
90.31%
0
0.00%
-657
-80.61%
815
Stephens
1,789
60.60%
1,163
39.40%
0
0.00%
626
21.21%
2,952
Sterling
122
42.21%
167
57.79%
0
0.00%
-45
-15.57%
289
Stonewall
442
46.92%
500
53.08%
0
0.00%
-58
-6.16%
942
Sutton
290
75.92%
92
24.08%
0
0.00%
198
51.83%
382
Swisher
887
70.34%
374
29.66%
0
0.00%
513
40.68%
1,261
Tarrant
20,481
68.99%
9,208
31.01%
0
0.00%
11,273
37.97%
29,689
Taylor
4,050
68.07%
1,891
31.78%
9
0.15%
2,159
36.29%
5,950
Terrell
364
80.71%
85
18.85%
2
0.44%
279
61.86%
451
Terry
622
60.45%
407
39.55%
0
0.00%
215
20.89%
1,029
Throckmorton
703
69.81%
304
30.19%
0
0.00%
399
39.62%
1,007
Titus
469
28.99%
1,149
71.01%
0
0.00%
-680
-42.03%
1,618
Tom Green
2,618
63.11%
1,528
36.84%
2
0.05%
1,090
26.28%
4,148
Travis
4,847
51.83%
4,487
47.98%
17
0.18%
360
3.85%
9,351
Trinity
456
39.93%
686
60.07%
0
0.00%
-230
-20.14%
1,142
Tyler
298
30.88%
666
69.02%
1
0.10%
-368
-38.13%
965
Upshur
649
29.37%
1,553
70.27%
8
0.36%
-904
-40.90%
2,210
Upton
270
58.82%
189
41.18%
0
0.00%
81
17.65%
459
Uvalde
1,224
62.10%
747
37.90%
0
0.00%
477
24.20%
1,971
Val Verde
854
57.94%
620
42.06%
0
0.00%
234
15.88%
1,474
Van Zandt
1,502
45.35%
1,789
54.02%
21
0.63%
-287
-8.67%
3,312
Victoria
663
27.94%
1,710
72.06%
0
0.00%
-1,047
-44.12%
2,373
Walker
488
39.51%
747
60.49%
0
0.00%
-259
-20.97%
1,235
Waller
376
42.68%
504
57.21%
1
0.11%
-128
-14.53%
881
Ward
216
45.76%
256
54.24%
0
0.00%
-40
-8.47%
472
Washington
275
9.94%
2,491
90.06%
0
0.00%
-2,216
-80.12%
2,766
Webb
767
32.16%
1,615
67.71%
3
0.13%
-848
-35.56%
2,385
Wharton
1,151
42.69%
1,545
57.31%
0
0.00%
-394
-14.61%
2,696
Wheeler
1,038
57.86%
750
41.81%
6
0.33%
288
16.05%
1,794
Wichita
7,226
59.82%
4,853
40.18%
0
0.00%
2,373
19.65%
12,079
Wilbarger
1,590
52.30%
1,447
47.60%
3
0.10%
143
4.70%
3,040
Willacy
389
49.55%
396
50.45%
0
0.00%
-7
-0.89%
785
Williamson
1,833
33.14%
3,689
66.70%
9
0.16%
-1,856
-33.56%
5,531
Wilson
622
29.33%
1,499
70.67%
0
0.00%
-877
-41.35%
2,121
Winkler
162
34.32%
310
65.68%
0
0.00%
-148
-31.36%
472
Wise
2,141
66.20%
1,093
33.80%
0
0.00%
1,048
32.41%
3,234
Wood
1,161
41.38%
1,645
58.62%
0
0.00%
-484
-17.25%
2,806
Yoakum
86
56.58%
66
43.42%
0
0.00%
20
13.16%
152
Young
1,826
58.88%
1,275
41.12%
0
0.00%
551
17.77%
3,101
Zapata
19
6.03%
296
93.97%
0
0.00%
-277
-87.94%
315
Zavala
571
71.38%
229
28.63%
0
0.00%
342
42.75%
800
Totals
372,324
51.88%
344,542
48.00%
867
0.12%
27,782
3.87%
717,733
Analysis
However, with all other prominent Democrats sitting the election out,[19] the party nominated Al Smith , four-term Governor of New York as its nominee for 1928, with little opposition, despite disagreement among Texas Democrats like Governor Moody , plus "Pa" and "Ma" Ferguson .[20] Smith had been the favorite for the 1924 nomination, but had lost due to opposition to his Catholic faith and "wet" views on Prohibition : he wished to repeal or modify the Volstead Act .
Once Smith was nominated – despite his attempt to dispel fears by nominating "dry" Southern Democrat Joseph T. Robinson as his running mate[21] – extreme fear ensued in the South, which mostly had little to no experience of the Catholic immigrants from southern and eastern Europe who were Smith's local constituency. Southern fundamentalist Protestants believed that Smith would allow papal and priestly leadership in the United States, which Protestantism was a reaction against.[22] There was also much opposition to Smith's support for repealing Prohibition, most notably from minister J. Frank Norris , who became the center of the anti-Smith campaign, saying that
Texas is the battleground for this, the most titanic struggle in the political, moral and religious life of the nation.[23]
The Southern Baptist Convention similarly said that
We enter into a sacred covenant and solemn pledge that we will support for the office of President, or any other office, only such men as stand for our present order of prohibition.[24]
Smith's campaign managers responded to this criticism by saying that the "Hoovercrats" were "Republicans, Klansmen and Bolsheviks ".[25]
See also
Notes
References
^ Granthan, Dewey W.; The Life and Death of the Solid South: A Political History , pp. 3–4 ISBN 0813148723
^ Bass, Jack; The Transformation of Southern Politics: Social Change and Political Consequence Since 1945 , p. 25 ISBN 0820317284
^ Weeks, O. Douglas; 'The Texas Mexican and the Politics of South Texas'; The American Political Science Review , vol. 24, no. 3 (Aug., 1930), pp. 606–627
^ Davidson, Chandler; Race and Class in Texas Politics , p. 21 ISBN 0691025398
^ Davison; Race and Class in Texas Politics , p. 24
^ Grantham; The Life and Death of the Solid South , pp. 50–52
^ Dave Leip's U.S. Election Atlas; Presidential General Election Results Comparison – Texas
^ Leip, Dave. "Dave Leip's US Presidential Election Atlas- Texas Results 1932" . uselectionatlas . Dave Leip. Retrieved March 27, 2019 .
^ Richardson, Rupert N.; Anderson, Adrian; Wintz, Cary D. and Wallace Ernest; Texas: The Lone Star State , p. 314 ISBN 1315509806
^ Dave Leip's U.S. Election Atlas; 1924 Presidential Election Statistics
^ Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority , pp. 214, 317, 352 ISBN 1400852293
^ Phillips; The Emerging Republican Majority , p. 212
^ McKay, Seth Shepard; Texas politics, 1906-1944 , p. 182
^ Key, V.O. junior ; Southern Politics in State and Nation ; p. 324 ISBN 087049435X
^ Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’ ; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review ; June 29, 2016
^ "1928 Presidential General Election Results - Texas" . Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved August 2, 2013 .
^ Burnham, Walter Dean; ‘A Political Scientist and Voting-Rights Litigation: The Case of the 1966 Texas Registration Statute’ ; p. 353
^ Scammon, Richard M. (compiler); America at the Polls: A Handbook of Presidential Election Statistics 1920-1964 ; pp. 431–435 ISBN 0405077114
^ Warren, Kenneth F.; Encyclopedia of U.S. campaigns, elections, and electoral behavior: A-M, Volume 1 , p. 620 ISBN 1412954894
^ Campbell, Randolph B.; Gone to Texas: A History of the Lone Star State , p. 376 ISBN 0195138422
^ Nelson, Michael (1991); Historic documents on presidential elections, 1787-1988 , p. 296
^ Whisenhunt, Donald W.; President Herbert Hoover , p. 69 ISBN 1600214762
^ Marty, Martin E.; Modern American Religion, Volume 2: The Noise of Conflict, 1919-1941 , p. 244
^ Maxwell, Angie and Shields, Todd G. (editors); Unlocking V.O. Key Jr.: "Southern Politics" for the Twenty-First Century , pp. 17–18 ISBN 1557289611
^ Slayton, Robert A.; Empire Statesman: The Rise and Fall of Al Smith ; p. 284 ISBN 0684863022
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