Calendar year
August 6 : The Battle of Stadtlohn takes place.1623 (MDCXXIII ) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar , the 1623rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini 2nd millennium , the 23rd year of the 17th century , and the 4th year of the 1620s decade. As of the start of 1623, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January 21
January – Battle of Mbanda Kasi : Forces from the Kingdom of Kongo defeat the Portuguese .February 7 – France, Savoy and Venice sign the Treaty of Paris , agreeing to cooperate in removing Spanish forces from the strategic Alpine pass of Valtelline .[ 1] February 25 – Thirty Years' War : Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria becomes Elector of the Electorate of the Palatinate .March 5 – The first American temperance law is enacted, in Virginia .March 7 – Charles, Prince of Wales, the future King Charles I of England , travelling incognito with royal favourite George Villiers , arrives in Madrid to pursue negotiations over the "Spanish match ", the Protestant Charles's proposed marriage with the Catholic Habsburg Infanta Maria Anna of Spain .March 9 – Amboyna massacre : Ten English merchants in the service of the British East India Company , together with nine Japanese and one Portuguese, are executed by agents of the Dutch East India Company in Ambon, Maluku (Amboyna).March 14 – In the Korean kingdom of Joseon , Crown Prince Yi Ji is deposed and exiled to Ganghwa Island , where he dies soon after.March 20 – Richard Frethorne begins writing a letter to his parents from Jamestown, Virginia .
April 11 – King Gwanghaegun of Joseon (in Korea) is deposed in the Injo coup and succeeded by King Injo .April 29 – A fleet of 11 Dutch ships depart for the coast of Peru , seeking to seize Spanish treasure.May 5 – Raja Gaj Singh of Marwar , along with Mahabat Khan and Parviz Mirza, is deputized by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir in India to hunt down Jahangir's rebel son, Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram . The search fails, and Khurram will become the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan after Jahangir's death in 1627.May 8 – A Dutch East India Company party, led by explorer Jan Carstenszoon , fights a skirmish with 200 indigenous Australian Wik peoples .May 22 – After negotiations for the release of English women taken from Jamestown in the British North American colony of Virginia, conducted between Captain William Tucker of the English settlers and Chief Opchanacanough of the Powhatan Confederacy (Tsenacommacah), the English arrange a banquet with the Powhatan, and the drinking of wine.[ 2] Powhatan uprising . Opchanacanough escapes, and the 20 women never return home.[ 3] June 14 – The first breach-of-promise lawsuit : Rev. Gerville Pooley, in Virginia , files against Cicely Jordan, but loses.[ 4] June 29 – Première of Pedro Calderón de la Barca 's first play, Amor, honor y poder Court of Habsburg Spain .
July 8 – Pope Gregory XV (Alessandro Ludovisi) dies from a kidney ailment after a reign of a little more than two years.July 10 – The English ship Anne becomes the third vessel to bring settlers to Plymouth Colony ,[ 5] Mayflower Fortune July 15 – Trịnh Tùng is deposed as ruler of the kingdom of Đại Việt in northern Vietnam after more than 50 years. His son, Trịnh Xuan, burns the palace. Trinh Tung is carried away by his servants in a sedan chair and abandoned in the road to die. Another son, Trịnh Tráng , succeeds to the throne of Đại Việt.July 16 – A great conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn , with the planets only 5 arc minutes apart, the closest between 1226 and 2874. This conjunction likely goes unobserved, as it occurs near the Sun and the telescope has been invented only recently.July 30 (probable date) – The second Thanksgiving is celebrated in Plymouth Colony .[ 6] August 5 – The English ship Little James arrives at Plymouth Colony, 26 days after the Anne .[ 7] August 6
August 30 – Negotiations, resumed in March, of the planned "Spanish match " break down.[ 8] Prince Charles returns to England from Spain without a bride.September 10 – Murat IV , age 11, succeeds his deposed uncle Mustafa I as Ottoman Emperor .[ 9] Kösem Sultan , serves as regent until 1632.
Date unknown
In British America :
On the coast of Massachusetts Bay, the settlement that will become the City of Gloucester, Massachusetts , is first inhabited by men from Dorchester, Dorset , England.
On the coast of New Hampshire , the settlement of Hilton's Point, which will become Dover, New Hampshire , is established by men from London , England, the first European settlers in the state.
The 1623 Malta plague outbreak is contained after killing around 40 people on the island of Malta .[ 13]
Erotomania , a delusional disorder , is first mentioned, in a psychiatric treatise.[ 14] Johannes Rudbeck founds Rudbeckianska gymnasiet , the first gymnasium in Sweden .Gabriel Bethlen , Prince of Transylvania, issues an order, dated at Kolozsvár/Klausenburg/Cluj , that allows Jews to settle, trade freely and practice religion in Transylvania, and exempts them from wearing the usual Jewish sign.Procopius ' long-lost Secret History is rediscovered, in the Vatican Library .Italian poet Giambattista Marini 's epic L'Adone is published in Paris.
Imprisoned Italian Dominican philosopher Tommaso Campanella 's utopian The City of the Sun Civitas Solis ) in Frankfurt .
Wilhelm Schickard devizes a Calculating Clock , an early mechanical calculator .Zildjian begins the commercial manufacture of cymbals in Turkey . The company will still be operating, from Massachusetts , in the 21st century.
Births
Wilhelmus Beekman William Petty Cornelis de Witt Georg Balthasar Metzger
January 1 – Marie Eleonore of Dietrichstein , German noblewoman, by birth member of the House of Dietrichstein, and by her two marriages Countess of Kaunitz and Oppersdorf (d. 1687 )January 15 – Algernon Sidney , British philosopher (d. 1683 )March 4 – Jacob van der Does , Dutch landscape painter (d. 1673 )March 5 – Henri Sauval , French historian (d. 1676 )March 23 – Deane Winthrop , English-born colonist of British America, 6th son of Governor John Winthrop (d. 1704 )March 24 – Sir Ralph Hare, 1st Baronet , English politician (d. 1672 )
April 7 – Thomas Mainwaring , English politician (d. 1689 )April 11 – Decio Azzolino , Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1689 )April 20 – Olimpia Aldobrandini , Italian Aldobrandini family member, heiress (d. 1681 )April 23 – Sir John Chichester, 1st Baronet , English politician (d. 1667 )April 27 – Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska , Polish noble (d. 1672 )April 28 – Wilhelmus Beekman , Dutch politician (d. 1707 )April 30 – François de Laval , French-born priest, first Catholic bishop of Quebec (d. 1708 )May 26 – William Petty , English scientist, philosopher and economist (d. 1687 )[ 15] May 29 – David Schirmer , German lyric poet and librarian (d. 1686 )May 30
June 8 – Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni , Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1698 )June 15 – Cornelis de Witt , Dutch politician (d. 1672 )[ 16] June 19 – Blaise Pascal , French mathematician, physicist and philosopher (d. 1662 )[ 17] June 29 – Inaba Masanori , Japanese daimyō (d. 1696 )
July 1 – William Owfield , English landowner and politician (d. 1664 )July 6 – Jacopo Melani , Italian composer and violinist (d. 1676 )July 12 – Elizabeth Walker , English pharmacist (d. 1690 )July 28 – Allen Brodrick , English politician (d. 1680 )August 4 – Friedrich Casimir, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1641–1680) and Hanau-Münzenberg (1642–1680) (d. 1685 )August 5 (baptism) – Antonio Cesti , Italian composer (d. 1669 )August 13 – Sir John Morden, 1st Baronet , English politician (d. 1708 )August 14 – Sir John Fowell, 2nd Baronet , English politician (d. 1677 )August 23 – Stanisław Lubieniecki , Polish Socinian theologist (d. 1675 )August 25 – Filippo Lauri , Italian painter (d. 1694 )[ 18] August 26 – Johann Sigismund Elsholtz , German naturalist and physician (d. 1688 )September 1 – Caspar Schamberger , German surgeon and merchant (d. 1706 )September 8 – James Bellingham , English politician (d. 1650 )September 10 – Carpoforo Tencalla , Swiss-Italian Baroque painter of canvases and frescoes (d. 1685 )September 13 – Pieter Wouwerman , Dutch painter (d. 1682 )September 21 – Sir John Bowyer, 1st Baronet , English soldier and politician (d. 1666 )September 23 – Georg Balthasar Metzger , German physician and scientist (d. 1687 )
October 4 – Robert Thoroton , English antiquary (d. 1678 )October 9 – Ferdinand Verbiest , Flemish Jesuit missionary in China during the Qing dynasty (d. 1688 )October 17 – Francis Turretin , Swiss-Italian Reformed scholastic theologian (d. 1687 )October 28 – Johann Grueber , Austrian Jesuit missionary and astronomer in China (d. 1680 )November 1 – Zhu Youlang, Prince of Gui , the Yongli Emperor , the 4th and last emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty of China (d. 1662 )November 5 – Mariana of the Purification , Portuguese nun of the Carmelite Order of the Ancient Observance (d. 1695 )November 17 – Philip Sherard , English politician (d. 1695 )November 22 – Bussy Mansell , Welsh member of the Parliament of England (d. 1699 )November 28 – Giovanni Battista Caccioli , Italian painter (d. 1675 )December 1 – Christian Louis I, Duke of Mecklenburg -Schwerin (1658–1692) (d. 1692 )December 8 – Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels and later of Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg (d. 1693 )December 13 – Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson , French politician and diplomat (d. 1700 )[ 19] December 16 – Ercole, Marquis of Baux , member of the House of Grimaldi (d. 1651 )December 23 – Matthias Palbitzki , Swedish diplomat and art-connoisseur (d. 1677 )December 28 – Elisabeth Augusta Lindenov , daughter of king Christian IV of Denmark (d. 1677 )
Date unknown
Deaths
Mariam-uz-Zamani Pope Gregory XV died 8 July Anne Hathaway John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen William Camden Erdmuthe of Brandenburg
April 14 – John Scudamore , English politician (b. 1542 )April 19 – Uesugi Kagekatsu , Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1556 )April 26 – Bálint Lépes , Hungarian cardinal (b. c. 1570 )April 27 – Eric of Lorraine , Bishop of Verdun (b. 1576 )May 1 – Matthew Clerke , English politician (b. 1564 )May 4 – Asprilio Pacelli , Italian Baroque composer (b. 1570 )May 19 – Mariam-uz-Zamani , Empress of the Mughal Empire (b. 1542 )May 23 – Edward Lawley , English politician (b. 1586 )May 26 – Francis Anthony , English apothecary and physician (b. 1550 )June 28 – Federico Ubaldo della Rovere, Duke of Urbino , Italian noble (b. 1605 )
July 3 – Claes Michielsz Bontenbal , Dutch civil servant (b. 1575 )July 4 – William Byrd , English composer (b. 1543 )[ 22] July 8 – Pope Gregory XV (b. 1554 )[ 23] July 12 – William Bourchier, 3rd Earl of Bath (b. 1557 )August 6 – Anne Hathaway , wife of English dramatist William Shakespeare (b. 1555 )[ 24] August 9 – George, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg , Count of Nassau-Beilstein (1607–1620), then Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (1620–1623) (b. 1562 )August 12
August 31 – Jacob van Wassenaer Duivenvoorde , Dutch admiral (b. 1574 )September 1 – Marcantonio Gozzadini , Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1574 )September 26 – Edwin Sandys , English politician (b. 1591 )September 27 – John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1561 )September 28 – Johann Georg, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (b. 1577 )
October 21 – William Wade , English statesman and diplomat (b. 1546 )October 31 – Deposed Queen Yu , consort of Yi Hon, King Gwanghae of Joseon (b. 1576 )November 9 – William Camden , English antiquarian (b. 1551 )[ 25] November 11 – Philippe de Mornay , French writer (b. 1549 )[ 26] November 12 – Josaphat Kuncevyc , Lithuanian archbishop (b. c. 1582 )November 13 – Erdmuthe of Brandenburg , Duchess of Pomerania-Stettin (b. 1561 )[ 27] December 4 – Jerome de Angelis , Italian Jesuit missionary to Japan (b. 1567 )December 24 – Michiel Coignet , Flemish mathematician, astronomer, engineer and scientific instrument maker (b. 1549 )
Date unknown
References
^ Geoffrey Parker, The Thirty Years' War (Taylor & Francis, 2006) p. 59
^ "Timeline" . Historic Jamestowne .^ "Powhatan Uprising of 1622" , historynet.com^ "Historical Events for Year 1623" . OnThisDay.com . 2015. Retrieved August 11, 2015 .^ Charles Edward Banks, The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers (Genealogical Publishing Co., 2006) p. 169
^ Love, William DeLoss (1895). The fast and thanksgiving days of New England . Retrieved January 13, 2023 . ^ "Troubles with Little James: Edward Winslow’s depositions at High Court of Admiralty", by Caleb Johnson, in The Mayflower Quarterly (March 2011) p. 51
^ a b Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History ISBN 0-304-35730-8 ^ Irene A. Bierman; Rifaʻat Ali Abou-El-Haj; Donald Preziosi (1991). The Ottoman City and Its Parts: Urban Structure and Social Order ISBN 978-0-89241-473-4 ^ Walsham, Alexandra (1994). "Fatal Vespers". Past & Present doi :10.1093/past/144.1.36 .^ The earlier date is that on which "Copies as are not formerly entred [sic. ] to other men" are entered in the Stationers' Register Sir Edward Dering . Sotheby's . The Shakespeare First Folio, 1623: The Dr. Williams's Library Copy , 13 July 2006; "Three Issues" p. 26; auction catalogue research by Peter Selley and Dr. Peter Beal.
^ Cieslik, Hubert (1954). "The Great Martyrdom in Edo 1623. Its Causes, Course, Consequences". Monumenta Nipponica 10 (1/2): 1–44. doi :10.2307/2382790 . ISSN 0027-0741 . JSTOR 2382790 . ^ Savona-Ventura, Charles (2015). Knight Hospitaller Medicine in Malta [1530–1798] ISBN 9781326482220 ^ Ferrand, Jacques. Maladie d'amour ou Mélancolie érotique . ^ "Petty, Sir William | Dictionary of Irish Biography" . www.dib.ie . Retrieved May 27, 2022 .^ The Assurance Magazine and Journal of the Institute of Actuaries ^ SPUMS Journal ^ Michael Levey (1964). The Later Italian Pictures in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen ^ Le comte d'Argenson, 1696-1764: Ministre de Louis XV, Yves Combeau, École nationale des chartes, 1 janv. 1999 - page 26. (in French)
^ Margaret Atherton (1994). Women Philosophers of the Early Modern Period ISBN 0-87220-259-3 ^ Thomas Birch (1970). Memoirs of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth: From the Year 1581 Till Her Death .. . Ams Press. p. 64. ^ Edmund H. Fellowes (1948). William Byrd ISBN 978-0-19-315204-5 ^ James Howell (1892). Epistolae Ho-Elianae: The Familiar Letters of James Howell, Historiographer Royal to Charles II ^ Samuel Schoenbaum (1991). Shakespeare's Lives ISBN 978-0-19-818618-2 ^ Louis Shores (1963). Collier's Encyclopedia: With Bibliography and Index ^ public domain : Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). "Mornay, Philippe de ". Encyclopædia Britannica ^ Daniel Martin Ernst Kirchner: The Electors and queens on the throne of the Hohenzollerns , Wiegandt & Greaves, 1867, p. 30
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