Grad Leiden
Das Grad Leiden (Einheitenzeichen: °L), benannt nach der niederländischen Stadt Leiden, war eine Maßeinheit, die in Europa zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts in der Niedertemperaturmessung zur Bestimmung des Helium-Dampfdruckes benutzt wurde. Eingeführt wurde sie möglicherweise um 1894, als an der Universität Leiden der spätere Nobelpreisträger für Physik Heike Kamerlingh Onnes dort ein Labor zur Kryotechnik errichtete.
- 0 °L = −253 °C = 20,15 K
Quellen
- Berman, A.; Zemansky, M. W.; and Boorse, H. A.; Normal and Superconducting Heat Capacities of Lanthanum, Physical Review, Vol. 109, No. 1 (January 1958), pp. 70–76. Quote:
- « The 1955 Leiden scale13 was used to convert helium vapor pressures into temperatures [...] (13) H. van Dijk and M. Durieux, in Progress in Low Temperature Physics II, edited by C. J. Gorter (North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1957), p. 461. In the region of calibration the 1955 Leiden scale, TL55, differs from the Clement scale, T55E, by less than 0.004 deg. » (emphasis added)
- Grebenkemper, C. J.; and Hagen, John P.; The Dielectric Constant of Liquid Helium, Physical Review, Vol. 80, No. 1 (October 1950), pp. 89–89. Quote:
- « The temperature scale used was the 1937 Leiden scale. » (emphasis added)
- James Henry Awbery: Heat. In: Reports on Progress in Physics. Band 1, Nr. 1, Januar 1934, S. 161–197, doi:10.1088/0034-4885/1/1/308 (englisch): “It should be mentioned that below -183°C, the Leiden workers do not entirely agree with some of the other cryogenic laboratories, but use a scale of their own, generally known as the Leiden scale.”
- Obsolete scales ( vom 10. Juli 2007 im Internet Archive)
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