Apamin

Apamin (Apis mellifera)
Masse/Länge Primärstruktur 18 Aminosäuren
Bezeichner
Gen-Name(n) GB18161
Externe IDs
Vorkommen
Homologie-Familie Hovergen
Übergeordnetes Taxon Bienen, Skorpione

Apamin bezeichnet ein im Bienengift enthaltenes neurotoxisches Peptid, das aus 18 Aminosäureresten besteht.

Es bindet sich in spezifischer Weise an calciumabhängige Kaliumkanäle, die sogenannten SK-Kanäle (small conductance), die durch Tetraethylammonium nicht hemmbar sind, und blockiert sie dabei. Diese Kanäle sind für die Nachhyperpolarisation nach dem Aktionspotential verantwortlich. Apamin wird in der experimentellen Neurowissenschaften als Marker für diesen Kanaltyp verwendet.

Literatur

  • E. Habermann: Apamin. In: Pharmacol. Ther. 25 (2), 1984, S. 255–270. doi:10.1016/0163-7258(84)90046-9. PMID 6095335.
  • D. J. Son, J. W. Lee, Y. H. Lee, H. S. Song, C. K. Lee, J. T. Hong: Therapeutic application of anti-arthritis, pain-releasing, and anti-cancer effects of bee venom and its constituent compounds. In: Pharmacol. Ther. 115 (2), August 2007, S. 246–270. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.04.004. PMID 17555825.
  • N. A. Castle, D. G. Haylett, D. H. Jenkinson: Toxins in the characterization of potassium channels. In: Trends Neurosci. 12 (2), Februar 1989, S. 59–65. doi:10.1016/0166-2236(89)90137-9. PMID 2469212.
  • A.J. Kastin: Apamin. In: handbook of biologically active peptides. 2013, S. 417–418.
  • J. Vincent, H. Schweitz, M. Lazdunski: Structure-Function Relationships and Site of Action of Apamin, a Neurotoxic Polypeptide of Bee Venom with an Action on the Central Nervous System. In: Biochemistry. 14 (11), 1975, S. 2521–2525. doi:10.1021/bi00682a035.
  • M. Stocker, M. Krause, P. Pedarzani: An apamin-sentisitive Ca2+-activated K+ current in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. In: PNAS. 96 (8), 1999.
  • M. Stocker: Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels: molecular determinants and function of the SK family. In: Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 5 (10), Oktober 2004, S. 758–770. doi:10.1038/nrn1516. PMID 15378036.
  • A. Nolting, T. Ferraro, D. D’hoedt, M. Stocker: An Amino Acid Outside the Pore Region Influences Apamin Sensitivity in Small Conductance Ca2+-activated K+ Channels. In: J. Biol. Chem. 282 (6), Februar 2007, S. 3478–3486. doi:10.1074/jbc.M607213200. PMC 1849974 (freier Volltext). PMID 17142458.
  • D. Cheng-Raude, M. Treloar, E. Habermann: Preparation and pharmacokinetics of labeled derivatives of apamin. In: Toxicon. 14 (6), 1976, S. 467–476. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(76)90064-7.
  • R. Saravanan, R. King, J. White: Transient claw hand owing to a bee sting. A report of two cases. In: J Bone Joint Surg Br. 86 (3), April 2004, S. 404–405. doi:10.1302/0301-620x.86b3.14311. PMID 15125129.
  • E. Habermann: Neurotoxicity of Apamin and MCD Peptide upon Central Application. In: archives of pharmacology. (300), 1977, S. 189–191.
  • G. Lallement, P. Fosbraey, V. Baille-Le-Crom, J. E. Tattersall, G. Blanchet, J. R. Wetherell, P. Rice, S. L. Passingham, H. Sentenac-Roumanou: Compared toxicity of the potassium channel blockers, apamin and dendrotoxin. In: Toxicology. 104 (1–3), Dezember 1995, S. 47–52. doi:10.1016/0300-483X(95)03120-5. PMID 8560501.
  • E. S. L. Faber, P. Sah: Functions of SK channels in central neurons. In: Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology. 34 (10), V, S. 1077–1083. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04725.x. PMID 17714097.
  • M. Moreno, E. Giralt: Three valuable peptides from bee and wasp venoms for therapeutic and biotechnological use: melittin, apamin and mastoparan. In: Toxins. Band 7, Nummer 4, April 2015, S. 1126–1150, doi:10.3390/toxins7041126, PMID 25835385, PMC 4417959 (freier Volltext) (Review).

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