Ljudski MCC je biotin-ovisni mitohondrijski enzim koji tvore dvije podjedinice MCCCα i MCCCβ, kodirani sa lokusa "'MCCC1'", odnosno MCCC2.[2] Gen MCCC1 ima 21 egzon i nalazi se na hromosomu 3 na poziciju q27.[3] Gen MCCC2 ima 19 egzona i nalazhi se na hromosomu 5, pozicija q12-q13.[4]
Metabolički put ljudskog HMB i izovaleril-CoA u odnosu na l-leucin. Od dva glavna puta, l-leucin se uglavnom metabolizira u izovaleril-CoA, dok se samo oko 5% metabolizira u HMB
Mehanizam
Bikarbonat se aktivira dodatkom ATP, povećavajući svoju reaktivnost. Nakon što se bikarbonat aktivira, dio biotina MCC-a vrši nukleofilni napad na njega, kako bi nastao enzim-vezani karboksibiotin. Karboksibiotinski dio MCC-a tada može proći nukleofilni napad, prenoseći karboksilnu grupu na supstrat, 3-metilkrotonil CoA, kako bi se formirao 3-metilglutakonil CoA.[7]
Regulacija
MCC ne reguliraju male molekule, prehrambeni ili hormonski faktori.[9]
^Morscher RJ, Grünert SC, Bürer C, Burda P, Suormala T, Fowler B, Baumgartner MR (Apr 2012). "A single mutation in MCCC1 or MCCC2 as a potential cause of positive screening for 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency". Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 105 (4): 602–6. doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.12.018. PMID22264772.
^Chu CH, Cheng D (Jun 2007). "Expression, purification, characterization of human 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCCC)". Protein Expression and Purification. 53 (2): 421–7. doi:10.1016/j.pep.2007.01.012. PMID17360195.
^ abStipanuk MH (2000). Biochemical and physiological aspects of human nutrition. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders. str. 535–6. ISBN978-0-7216-4452-3.
^Baykal T, Gokcay GH, Ince Z, Dantas MF, Fowler B, Baumgartner MR, Demir F, Can G, Demirkol M (2005). "Consanguineous 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency: early-onset necrotizing encephalopathy with lethal outcome". Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. 28 (2): 229–33. doi:10.1007/s10545-005-4559-8. PMID15877210. S2CID23446678.
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