Kliper
Kliper je naziv za tip jedrenjaka[1] koji je razvijen početkom 19. vijeka i koji se isticao velikom brzinom.
Iako je imao relativno mali teretni prostor, bio je prilično brz te je bio u stanju za relativno kratko vrijeme prevesti raznu egzotičnu robu iz dalekih krajeva svijeta.
Kliperi su, zbog velikog broja jedara, predstavljali veličanstven prizor. Pojedini kliperi postali su poznati sa svakogodišnjem "Great Tea Race", trkom brodova koji su prevozili čaj[2] od Kine do Londona. Prvi brod koji bi stigao dobio bi veoma dobru cijenu za robu i jednu premiju. Legendarna bila je trka između brodova "Cutty Sark" i "Thermopylae", zadnji je stigao nedelju dana ranije od prvog.
No, njihovo je doba prošlo zahvaljujući pronalasku parnog stroja i uvođenju parobroda. Iako su kliperi bili u stanju prestići prve parobrode, s vremenom se ispostavilo kako potonji ne ovise o vjetru. To je postalo pogotovo jasno nakon otvaranja Sueckog kanala i skraćivanja puta od Evrope do Indije. Tu rutu kliperi nisu mogli koristiti zbog nepovoljnih vjetrova.
Kliperi su postupno nestajali s mora do kraja 19. vijeka.
Reference
- ^ Bhattacharjee, Shilavadra (18. 6. 2022). "What is a Clipper Ship - History, Development And Characteristics". Marine Insight (jezik: engleski). Pristupljeno 12. 6. 2024.
- ^ "The History of Tea Clippers". The UK Loose Leaf Tea Company Ltd. 1. 6. 2022. Pristupljeno 12. 6. 2024.
Vanjski linkovi
- City of Adelaide Clipper Ship, one of the few surviving clippers
- Westward by Sea Library of Congress collection of sailing cards.
- The Shipslist: Baltimore Clipper
- The Clipper Ship Card Collection at the New-York Historical Society
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