Alkin

Alkini

Alkini su nezasićeni ugljikovodici koji imaju barem jednu trostruku vezu između atoma ugljika. Njihova opća formula je CnH2n-2. Njihov predstavnik je etin.

Hemijske osobine

Poput alkena, i alkini su dosta nestabilni i reaktivni. Tri atomske veze kojima su vezani najmanje dva atoma ugljika nisu iste jakosti. Postoje dvije pi i jedna sigma veza. Sigma veza je najjača među njima, njena energija veze iznosi 369 kJ/mol. Slijedi nešto slabija prva pi veza čija je energija veze 268 kJ/mol, dok je druga pi veza još slabija te joj energija veze iznosi 202 kJ/mol. Dužina ove tri veze iznosi samo 121 pikometar, što je daleko manje od alkena (134 pm) i alkana (153 pm).

Dobijanje

Alkini se obično dobijaju putem dehidrohalogenacije alkilni dihalida ili putem reakcije metalnih acetilida sa primarnim alkilnim halidima. Također se mogu dobiti putem Corey-Fuchsove reakcije iz aldehida ili iz ketona putem Seyferth-Gilbert homologacijom.

Literatura

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Commons ima datoteke na temu: Alkin
  • Fukuda, Y.; Utimoto, K. Effective transformation of unactivated alkynes into ketones or acetals with a gold(III) catalyst. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56:3729–3731.
  • Mizushima, E.; Cui, D.-M.; Nath, D. C. D.; Hayashi, T.; Tanaka, M. Au(I)-Catalyzed hydratation of alkynes: 2,8-nonanedione, Organic Syntheses, 2005, 83:55

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