Simulium
| Simulium | |
|---|---|
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| |
| Simulium trifasciatum | |
Klasifikasi ilmiah 
| |
| Kerajaan: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Arthropoda |
| Kelas: | Insecta |
| Ordo: | Diptera |
| Famili: | Simuliidae |
| Subfamili: | Simuliinae |
| Tribus: | Simuliini |
| Genus: | Simulium Latreille, 1802 |
| Spesies tipe | |
| S. colombaschense | |
| Subgenera | |
|
Lihat teks | |
| Sinonim | |
Simulium adalah sebuah genus lalat hitam, yang dapat membawa penyakit seperti kebutaan sungai (onchocerciasis)
Genus ini besar, mencakup hampir 2000 spesies dalam 38 subgenera.[1]
Subgenera
- Afrosimulium Crosskey, 1969
- Anasolen Enderlein, 1930
- Asiosimulium Takaoka & Choochote, 2005
- Aspathia Enderlein, 1935
- Boophthora Enderlein, 1921
- Boreosimulium Rubtsov & Yankovsky, 1982
- Byssodon Enderlein, 1925
- Chirostilbia Enderlein, 1921
- Crosskeyellum Grenier & Bailly-Choumara, 1970
- Daviesellum Takaoka & Adler, 1997
- Ectemnaspis Enderlein, 1934
- Edwardsellum Enderlein, 1921
- Eusimulium Roubaud, 1906
- Freemanellum Crosskey, 1969
- Gomphostilbia Enderlein, 1921
- Hebridosimulium Grenier & Rageau, 1961
- Hellichiella Rivosecchi & Cardinali, 1975
- Hemicnetha Enderlein, 1934
- Inaequalium Coscarón & Wygodzinsky, 1984
- Inseliellum Rubtsov, 1974
- Lewisellum Crosskey, 1969
- Meilloniellum Rubtsov, 1962
- Metomphalus Enderlein, 1935
- Montisimulium Rubtsov, 1974
- Morops Enderlein, 1930
- Nevermannia Enderlein, 1921
- Notolepria Enderlein, 1930
- Obuchovia Rubtsov, 1947
- Phoretomyia Crosskey, 1969
- Pomeroyellum Rubtsov, 1962
- Psaroniocompsa Enderlein, 1934
- Psilopelmia Enderlein, 1934
- Psilozia Enderlein, 1936
- Pternaspatha Enderlein, 1930
- Rubzovia Petrova, 1983
- Schoenbaueria Enderlein, 1921
- Simulium Latreille, 1802
- Trichodagmia Enderlein, 1934[2]
- Wallacellum Takaoka, 1983
- Wilhelmia Enderlein, 1921
- Xenosimulium Crosskey, 1969
Referensi
- ^ Peter H. Adler (2022). "World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory" (PDF). South Carolina: Clemson University. hlm. 145.
- ^ Hernandez Triana, Luis M. (2011). Systematics of the Blackfly Subgenus Trichodagmia Enderlein (Diptera: Simuliidae: Simulium) in the New World. Wageningen University. hlm. ix, 1–536. ISBN 9789085858652.
Bibliografi
- Crosskey R. W.; The natural history of blackflies. Willey, New York, 1990. ISBN 0-471-92755-4
- Honomichl K.; Bellmann, H.; Biologie und Ökologie der Insekten. CD-Rom. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, 1994. ISBN 0271004177
- Jedlicka, L.; Stloukalova V.; Family Simuliidae. pp. 331–347 in: Papp, L. and Darvas, B. (eds.): Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera, Volume 2. Science Herald, Budapest, 1997.
- Jensen, F.; Diptera Simuliidae, Blackflies. pp. 209–241 in: Nilsson, A.N. (ed.): Aquatic Insects of North Europe. A Taxonomic Handbook. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 1997.
- Kim, K. C.; Merritt, R. W. (Eds.); Black flies, ecology, population management, and annotat. world list. University Park, London, 1987. ISBN 0-271-00417-7
- Laird, M. (Ed.); Blackflies. Academic Press, London, 1981. ISBN 0124340601
- Lechthaler, W.; Car, M.; Simuliidae − Key to Larvae and Pupae from Central− and Western Europe. Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-9501839-3-0
- Seitz, G.; Verbreitung und Ökologie der Kriebelmücken (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Niederbayern. in: Lauterbornia. Mauch, Dinkelscherben 11.1992, pp. 1–230.
- Timm, T.; Dormanzformen bei Kriebelmücken unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Ei-Stadiums (Diptera: Simuliidae). in: Entomologia generalis. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart 12.1987, 133-142. ISSN 0340-2266
- Timm, T.; Unterschiede in Habitatselektion und Eibiologie bei sympatrischen Kriebelmückenarten (Diptera, Simuliidae). in: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie. Bremen 6.1988, 156-158. ISSN 0344-9084
- Timm, T.; Rühm, W. (Hrsg.); Beiträge zur Taxonomie, Faunistik und Ökologie der Kriebelmücken in Mitteleuropa. Essener Ökologische Schriften. Bd.2. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg 1993. ISBN 3-89432-078-8
- Wichard, W.; Arens, W.; Eisenbeis, G.; Atlas zur Biologie der Wasserinsekten. Stuttgart, 1994. ISBN 3-437-30743-6
- Wirtz, H. P.; Analyse der Histaminanteile im Speichel verschiedener Kriebelmückenarten (Diptera: Simuliidae). in: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie. Bremen 6.1988, 441-442. ISSN 0344-9084
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